A Gothic Grammar

ga-lêsun, prt. of galisan.

ga-lêwjan, wv. (188), w. acc., to betray; Mk. III, 19.

ga-ligri, n. (95), consummation of marriage, lit. a lying-together. [< *ga-ligrs, having the same bed with, < ga + the sb. ligrs. OE. geligere, adultery.]

ga-lisan, stv. (176, n. 1), to gather, gather up; Skeir. VII, d; w. sik and du w. dat., to gather, congregate unto; Mk. IV, 1.

ga-liþun, prt. of galeiþan.

ga-liug, n. (94), a lie; g. taujan, to falsify; II. Cor. IV, 2.

ga-lûkan (15), stv. (173, n. 2), to shut, close, w. (instr.) dat.; Mt. VI, 6.

ga-mainduþs, f. (103), communion, fellowship. [< ga-mains + suff. -du-þi-.]

ga-mains, adj. (130), common. [OE. ge-mæ̂ne, ME. (i-) mene, NE. mean.]

*ga-maiþs (74, n. 2), adj. (124), (bodily) weak, bruised.

ga-man, n. (94; 117, n. 1), fellow-man, cumpanion, partner, communion.

ga-manwjan, wv. (188), to prepare, make redy, w. acc.; Mk. I, 2. Skeir. VII, c; and du w. dat.; II. Cor. V, 5.

ga-marzjan, wv. (188), to offend; Mk. IV, 17.

ga-maudjan, wv. (188), to remind, w. acc. of pers. and an inf.; Skeir. VII, d.

ga-mêleins, f. (103, n. 1), a writing, the scripture; II. Cor. III, 7. [< ga-mêljan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

ga-mêljan, wv. (187), to write, (1), w. dat. of the pers. addrest; II. Cor. II, 4. (2) the th. writn is indicated by the acc., to enrol for taxation, to tax; Lu. II, 1. (3) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of th.; II. Cor. II, 3. (4) w. in w. dat.; II. Cor. III, 2; and swê; Mk. I, 2; or swaswê; Lu. II, 23. (5) w. a final clause w. duþþê…ei; II. Cor. II, 9; or ei; II. Cor. II, 3. (6) inn g., to inscribe; II. Cor. III, 3. —þata gamêlidô (pp. uzed as sb.), that which is writn; II. Cor. IV, 13.

ga-môstêdun, prt. of gamôtan.

ga-môtan, prt. – prs. (202), to hav or find room, hav place; Mk. II, 2.

ga-môtjan, wv. (188), to meet, w. dat.; Mk. V, 2.

ga-munan, prt. – prs. (200, n. 1), to mind, remember, w. þatei; Mt. V, 23.

ga-nasjan, wv. (185), to make hole, to heal, save; Mk. V, 34.

ga-naúha, m. (108), sufficiency, contentment; Skeir. VII, b. [< ga-naúhan.]

ga-naúhan, prt. – prs. (201), to suffice; ganah; it is enuf, it is sufficient, w. dat. of pers.; II. Cor. II, 6.

ga-niman, stv. (170; 175), w. acc., to take, take with one; Mk. V, 40; to receiv; II. Cor. V, 10; to conceiv; Lu. II, 21 (pass.).

ga-nisan, stv. (176, n. 1), to becum hole, be heald; Mk. V, 23. 28; to be saved; II. Cor. II, 15.

ga-nists (34), f. (103), a becuming hole, recuvery, salvation. [< ga-nisan + suff. -ti-.]

ga-niþjis, m. (92), kinsman; Lu. II, 44.

ga-nôhjan, wv. (188), to satisfy, w. acc. of pers. and (instr.) dat.; Skeir. VII, b. [< ga-nôhs.]

ga-nôhs, adj. (122, n. 1), enuf. [Cf. ga-naúhan. OE. ge-nôh, ME. inôh, inough, inow, NE. enuf.]

ga-raíhtei, f. (113), righteousness; Mt. V, 20. II. Cor. III, 9. V, 21. [< garaíhts.]

ga-raíhts, adj. (124), right, righteous, just; Mt. V, 45. Lu. II, 25. [OHG. gi-reht, right (not righteous), MHG. gereht, NHG. gerecht, adj., right, righteous.]

*ga-raiþs (-raids; 74, n. 2), adj. (124), commanded, appointed. [OE. (ge-)ræ̂de (w. umlaut), ME. rede, adj., redy, > (or < the Scand.) ME. (i-) rædi, rædiᵹ, redy, w. suff. – iᵹ, – i, OE. (ig), NE. redy.]

*ga-raþjan?, stv. (177, n. 2), to reckon, number.

garda-waldands (88a, n. 2), m. (115), master of the house. [-waldands is prsp. of waldan.]

gards, m. (101), house, yard, household, family; Mk. I, 29. II, 1. 11. 15. 26. III, 20. 25. 27. V, 19. 38. Lu. II, 4. II. Cor. V, 1. [Properly an enclosure, with or without a building; < √ of -gaírdan. OE. geard, m., enclosure, yard, dwelling, ME. ᵹerd, ᵹard, yard, garden, NE. yard (for yard, a mezure s. gazds).]

ga-rinnan, stv. (174, n. 1), to run together, cum together, gather together, w. at w. dat.; Mk. I, 33.

*ga-riuþs (-riuds; 74, n. 2), adj. (124), honest, honorabl, wel behaved. [Prop. shamefully blushing; < √ of rauþs.]

ga-rûni, n. (95), counsel, consultation; Mk. III, 6. [< ga + rûna extended by suff. -ja-.]

ga-runs, f. (103, n. 3), a place where peple run together, street; Mt. VI, 2. [< ga-rinnan + suff. -si-.]

ga-saƕ, prt. of ga-saíƕan.

ga-saíƕan (34, n. 1), stv. (176, n. 1), to see, behold, w. acc. (sumtimes understood); Mk. I, 10. 16. 19. II, 5. 12. 14. 16. III, 11. V, 6. 15. 16. 38. Lu. II, 17. 20 (s. note). 48; in pass., to appear, w. pred. nom.; Mt. VI, 16. 18; —þô gasaíƕanôna, the things seen; II. Cor, IV, 18.

ga-sakan, stv. (177, n. 1), to reprove, ebuke, w. dat.; Mk. IV, 39; in pass. w. nom.; Skeir. VII, a.

ga-sandjan (74, n. 3), wv. (187), to unite in sending; hense to accumpany, w. acc. of pers. and in w. acc. of place; II. Cor. I, 16.

ga-satjan, wv. (187), to set, place, w. acc.; namô g. w. dat. (indir. obj.), to giv a name or surname; Mk. III, 16 (s. note). 17.

ga-sêƕum, prt. of gasaíƕan.

ga-sibjôn, wv. (190), w. dat., to reconcile one's self to, be reconciled to; Mt. V, 24.

ga-siggqan, stv. (174, n. 1), to sink (said of the sun); Mk. I, 32; w. (instr.) dat., to sink under, be swallowd up; II. Cor. II, 7.

ga-sinþja (gasinþa), m. (108), (traveling) cumpanion, in pl. cumpany (for the Grk. συνοδία); Lu. II, 44. [< *ga-sinþs, adj.; -sinþs < the sb. sinþs. OHG. gi-sindo (for gasindjo), MHG. gesinde, m., traveling cumpanion, servant, while OHG. gi-sind, MHG. gesint(d), OE. ge-sîd (s. sinþs), m., cumpanion, attendant, are strong sbs.]

ga-sitan, stv. (176, n. 1), to set one's self down, sit down, sit, w. in w. dat.; Mk. IV, 1.

ga-skafts (51, n. 2), f. (103), creation, creature; II. Cor. V, 17.

ga-skaidnan, wv. (194), to becum parted, to depart.

ga-skapjan, stv. (177, n. 2), w. acc., to shape, make, create; in pass. w. nom.; Mk. II, 27.

ga-skeirjan, wv. (188), to make clear, explain, interpret; Mk. V, 41.

ga-slawan, wv. (193), to be silent; Mk. IV, 39.

ga-smeitan, stv. (172, n. 1), to besmear, annoint.

ga-sôk, prt. of gasakan.

ga-staldan, rv. (179), to win, gain, possess.

ga-standan, stv. (177, n. 3), (1) lit., to stand, stand stil, stop; w. in w. dat., to tarry, stay behind; Lu. II, 43. (2) trop., (a) to take position, rize up, w. ana w. acc.; Mk. III, 26 (the first); to stand; Mk. III, 26 (the second); w. (loc.) dat.; II. Cor. I, 24; (b) to be restored; Mk. III, 5.

gasti-gôþs (88a), adj. (124), good to a stranger, hospitabl.

ga-stôjan (26), wv. (186), to judge, determin, w. acc. and at w. dat.; II. Cor. II, 1.

ga-stôþ, prt. of gastandan.

gasts, m. (101), stranger. [OE. gæst, ME. gest, stranger, gest, enemy, NE. gest.]

ga-suljan, wv. (188), to found, ground.

ga-swalt, prt. of ga-swiltan.

ga-swikunþjan, wv. (188), to make known, manifest, w. acc.; Mk. III, 12.

ga-swiltan, stv. (174, n. 1), to die; Mk. V, 35. II. Cor. V, 15 (the second); w. faúr w. acc.; II. Cor. V, 15 (three times).

ga-taíhun, prt. of ga-teihan.

ga-taíran, stv. (175, n. 1), to tear, tear to pieces, break, destroy; Mt. V, 17. 19; in pass., to be dissolvd; II. Cor. V, 1; to be destroyd, be done away; II. Cor. III, 14.

ga-tamjan (33), wv. (187), w. acc., to tame; Mk. V, 4.

ga-taujan (26), wv. (187), to do, make, commit, (1) w. acc.; Mk. II, 25. II. Cor. V, 10 (s. note); astans g., to shoot forth branches; Mk. IV, 32; garûni g., to take counsel, w. bi w. acc.; Mk. III, 6; w. two accs., to make; Mt. V, 36; and faúr w. acc.; II. Cor. V, 21; to do. (2) w. dat. of pers. and ƕan filu; Mk. V, 19. 20. (3) w. acc. and inf., to make; Mk. I, 17. Skeir. VII, b. c.

ga-taúra, m. (108), tear, rent; Mk. II, 21. [< ga-taíran.]

ga-taúrnan, wv. (194), to rend (intr.), becum void, be done away, be abolisht; þata gataúrnandô, that which is transitory or void; II. Cor. III, 7. 11. 13.

ga-taúrþs, f. (103), destruction. [< ga-taíran + suff. -þi-.]

ga-teihan, stv. (172, n. 1), to tel, report, announce; w. in w. dat. of place; Mk. V, 14; w. dat. of pers. and a clause introduced by ƕan filu; Mk. V, 19; or, in the pass., an inf. frase as subj.; Lu. II, 26.

ga-têmiba (33), adv. (103, n. 3; 210), fitly. [< *ga-têms (= OHG. gi-zâmi, MHG. gezæ̂me, adj., fit, suitabl) + -ba; < √ of ga-timan.]

ga-timan, stv. (175, n. 1), to suit.

ga-timrjô, f. (112), building; II. Cor. V, 1. [-timrjô < -timra (w. suff. -ra-) = OE. timber (w. inorganic b), n., ME. NE. timber, wood for building; +-suff. -jôn-.]

ga-trauan (26), wv. (179, n. 2; 193), to hav confidence, be confident, to trust; II. Cor. V, 6. 8; w. in w. dat.; II. Cor. II, 3.

ga-tulgjan, wv. (188), to confirm, establish; pp. gatulgiþs, firm, stedfast; II. Cor. I, 6.

gatwô, f. (112), street. [ON. gata (acc. gǫtu), f., street, > ME. gate, NE. (Sc.) gate, way, path.]

ga-þaírsan, stv. (174, n. 1), to wither; Mk. III, 1. 3.

ga-þaúrbs (56, n. 3), adj. (124), temperate. [< √ of (*ga-)þaúrban.]

ga-þaúrsnan (32), wv. (194), to dry up, wither away; Mk. IV, 6. V, 29.

ga-þiuþjan, wv. (187), w. acc., to bless; Skeir. VII, b.

ga-þláihan, rv. (179, n. 1), to cumfort, console; II. Cor. II, 7; to exhort; II. Cor. V, 20.

ga-þláihts, f. (103), a pleasing with kind words, cumfort; consolation; II. Cor. I, 3. 4. 6. 7. [< ga-þláihan + suff. -ti-.]

ga-þlaúhun, prt. pl. of ga-þliuhan.

ga-þliuhan, stv. (173, n. 1), to flee; Mk. V, 14.

ga-þrafsteins, f. (103, n. 1), cumfort, consolation; II. Cor. I, 5. [< gaþrafstjan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

ga-þrafstjan, wv. (188), to cumfort, console, w. acc. of pers. and ana w. dat.; II. Cor. I, 4; or þaírh w. acc.; II. Cor. I, 4; in pass. the nom. (exprest or implied), w. (instr.) dat.; II. Cor. I, 4; or in w. gen.; II. Cor. I, 6.

ga-þrask (32), n. (94), threshing floor. [< √ of (*ga-)þriskan.]

ga-þulan, wv. (193), to suffer, endure, w. acc. and fram w. dat.; Mk. V, 26.

ga-þwastjan, wv. (188), to confirm, restore, establish, w. acc. and in w. acc.; II. Cor. I, 21.

gaumjan, wv. (188), to see, perceiv, observ, behold, (1) abs.; Mk. IV, 12. (2) w. a clause w. þatei; Skeir. VII, d. – in pass., to appear, be seen, w. dat.; Mt. VI, 5. [OHG. goumen and goumôn, MHG. goumen, to pay attention to, observ.]

gaunôn, wv. (189), to lament.

gáurjan, to make sorry, to griev, w. acc.; II. Cor. II, 5 (the second); also abs., to cause grief; II. Cor. II, 5 (the first). —sa gáurida (pp.; 134), he who is made sorry, w. us w. dat.; II. Cor. II, 2. [< gáurs.]

gáurs (24, n. 3), adj. (124), sorry, sorrowful, sad, grievd; w. in w. gen.; Mk. III, 5; of a sad countenance; Mt. VI, 16. [< √ gau, in gau-n-ôn, to mourn, lament. Cp. OHG. gôrag (w. suff. – a-ga-), adj., wreched.]

ga-waírþi, n. (95, n. 1), peace; Mk. V, 34. Lu. II, 29. II. Cor. I, 2. [< *ga-waírþs, adj., taking the same turn; hense agreeing, < (*ga) – waírþan (waírþan, orig., to turn) = OE. geweorðan, to please, agree, OHG. giwerdan, MHG. gewerden, NHG. (dial.) gewäede, w. 'lassen', to let alone.]

ga-waknan (35), wv. (194), to awake, awaken.

ga-wandjan, wv. (188), to turn, cause to cum back, (1) intr., w. du w. dat.; II. Cor. III, 16. (2) tr., w. sik, to turn, turn back; Mk. V, 30; to be converted; Mk. IV, 12; to return; Lu. II, 20; w. in w. acc.; Lu. II, 39. 45; w. aftra; Lu. II, 43.

ga-wasjan, wv. (187), to clothe, w. sik, to clothe one's self; Mt. VI, 29; gawasiþs (pp.), clothed; Mk. V, 15. II. Cor. V, 3. gawasiþs wisan, to be clothed, w. (instr.) dat.; Mk. I, 6.

ga-waúrki, n. (95), work, business. [< ga- + waúrk extended by suff. -ja-.]

ga-waúrkjan, anv. (209), to work, make to do; w. acc. of pers. and du w. inf., to appoint, ordain; Mk. III, 14.

ga-waúrstwa, m. (108), fellow-worker; II. Cor. I, 24. [< ga- + waúrstw extended by suff. -an-.]

gawi, n. (95), region, district, province, cuntry. [OHG. gewi, gouwi, MHG. göu, gou, n., NHG. gau, m., district.]

ga-widan, stv. (176, n. 1), to join together.

ga-wigan, stv. (176, n. 2), to shake, shake together.

ga-wiljis, adj. (126), willing, unanimous. [-wiljis < wiljan.]

ga-wiss, f. (103), connection, joint. [< ga-widan, to join together, (s. -widan) + suff. -ti- (ss < dt).]

ga-wrisqan, stv. (174, n. 1), to produce fruit.

gazds, m. (91), sting. [OE. gierd (stem geardjâ-< gardjâ-, while gazds is an a-stem), gird, f., ME. yerde, twig, rod, NE. yard.]

-geisnan, wv. (194), in us-g., to becum amazed. [Cp. -gaisjan.]

Gelimêr, pr. n. (6, n. 2).

giba, f. (96), gift; Mt. V, 24. II. Cor. I, 11. [< giban. OE. giefu, gifu, f., ME. gife, gift; cp. -gifts.]

giban (56, n. 1), stv. (176), to giv, w. acc. of th.; Mk. IV, 7. 8. Lu. II, 24; two accs.; II. Cor. I, 22; w. dat. of pers. and acc. of th.; Mt. V, 31. VI, 11. II. Cor. V, 12. 18; or two accs.; II. Cor. V, 5; for the acc. an inf.; Mk. V, 43; w. dat. of pers.; Mt. V, 42. Mk. II, 26; so in pass.; Mk. IV, 25. – Cpds. at-, fra-, us-g. [OE. giefan, gifan, ME. gyve, NE. giv.]

gibands, m. (115), giver. [Prop. prsp. of giban.]

gif, imper. of giban.

-gifts (56, n. 4), f., a giving, in fra-g. [< giban and suff. -ti-. OE. gift, f. n., ME. NE. gift.]

-gildan, stv. (174, n. 1), to pay, in cpds. only. [OE. gyldan, geldan, to pay, requite, ME. ᵹelde, NE. yield.]

gilstr (75, n. 1), n. (94), tribute. [< -gildan + suff. -tra (st < dt.)]

gilstra-mêleins, f. (103, n. 1), enrolment for taxation; Lu. II, 2. [< stem of gilstr + -mêleins < mêljan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

gilþa, f. (97), sickl; Mk. IV, 29. [Cf. ON. gelda > ME. gelde, NE. geld.]

-ginnan, stv. (174, n. 1), in du-g., to begin. [OE. – ginnan, ME. ginne, NE. gin (obs.), cpd. begin (be-) = Goth. bi-.]

Gisaleicus (21, n. 1), pr. n.

gistra-dagis, adv. (214), to-morrow; Mt. VI, 30. [Either an error, for afar-daga, or it means both yesterday and to-morrow; cp. ON. ígær, to-morrow, yesterday; OHG. êgestern, day after to-morrow, day before yesterday; gistra < gis- (cp. Lt. hes-ternus, yesterday) + -tra; dagis is gen. of dags.]

-gitan, stv. (176, n. 1), to get, in bi-g. [OE. gietan, getan, ME. gete, NE. get (also in cpds.).]

giutan, stv. (173, n. 1), to pour, w. acc. and in w. acc.; Mk. II, 22. [OE. gêotan, ME. ᵹete, to pour, OHG. gioȥan, MHG. gieȥen, NHG. giessen, to pour, cast.]

glaggwô, adv., (211), diligently, perfectly, accurately, wel. [< *glaggwus + adv. suff. -ô.]

glaggwuba (4, b), adv. (131, n. 2; 210 and n. 1), diligently, accurately. [< glaggwus + -ba.]

*glaggwus (68), adj. (131, n. 2). [OE. glêaw, ME. gleu, adj., sagacious, skild.]

glitmunjan, wv. (187), to glitter, shine. [< *glitmuni, shine, splendor, < *glitmun- (+ suff. -ja), splendor, < *glit- (= glit-in E. glit-ter) + suff. -mun-.]

gôljan, wv. (188), to greet, salute, welcum, w. acc.; Mt. V, 47.

gôþs (gen. gôdis), adj. (124, n. 2; 138), good, meet, suitabl; Mt. V, 45. Mk. IV, 20. Lu. II, 14. [OE. gôd, ME. gôd, god, NE. good.]

graba (35), f. (97), dich, trench. [< √ of graban.]

graban (56, n. 1), stv. (177, n. 1), to dig. – Cpds. uf-, us-g. [OE. grafan, ME. grave, to dig, NE. grave, to entomb (obs.), to cut, engrave.]

gras (gen. grasis), n. (94), grass, blade of grass, herb; Mk. IV, 28. 32. [OE. græs, n., ME. gras, gress, NE. grass.]

grêdags, adj. (124), greedy, hungry; Mk. II, 25. [< grêdus (= OE. græ̂d, orig. u-stem, m., greed), m., greed, hunger, + suff. -a-ga-. OE. græ̂dig (w. suff. – ig-), ME. gredi, NE. greedy.]

greipan, stv. (172), to seiz, take. – Cpds. faír-, und-g. [OE. grîpan, ME. gripe, NE. gripe.]

grêtan, rv. (181), to weep, lament; Mk. V, 38. 39. [OE. græ̂tan, ME. grête, NE. greet, to weep, lament.]

grêts, m. (101, n. 1), weeping. [< grêtan.]

grinda-fraþjis, adj. (126), feebl-minded, pusillanimous.

*griþs (grids; 74, n. 2), f. (103), step, grade, degree.

grôba (35), f. (97), hole. [< √ of graban. OHG. gruoba, MHG. gruobe, NHG. grube, f., pit, hole, dich.]

guda-faúrhts (88a, n. 1), adj. (124), God-fearing, devout; Lu. II, 25.

guda-laus (88a, n. 1), adj. (124), godless, without God.

gud-hûs (88a, n. 1), n. (94), house of God, templ.

Gudi-lub (56, n. 1; 88a, n. 2), pr. n.

gudja, m. (108), priest; Mk. I, 44. II, 26. [< guþ + suff. -jan-.]

gulþ, n. (94), gold. [OE. gold, n., ME. gold, NE. gold.]

guma, m. (107), man. [OE. guma, ME. gome, NHG. – gam (in bräutigam, bridegroom) < MHG. gome, OHG. gomo, m., man.]

guma-kunds (88a), adj. (124), of the male kind, male; Lu. II, 23.

Gumundus (65, n. 1), pr. n.

-gutnan, wv. (194), to pour (intr.), in us-g. [< pp. stem of giutan.]

guþ (1, n. 4), m. (94, n. 3; 118, n. 1), God (in pl. guda, gods); Mt. V, 34. Mk. II, 7. IV, 11. 26. 30. Lu. II, 13. 20. 28. 40. 52. II. Cor. I, 1. 2. 3. 9. 12. 19. II, 15. 17. III, 4. IV, 2. 4. 6. 7. 15. V, 1. 5. 11. 18. 19. 20. 21. [OE. god, m., God; n., god, ME. god, NE. God, god.]

guþa-skaunei (88a, n. 1), f. (113), the form of God. [-skaunei < skauns.]