A Gothic Grammar

-drausjan, wv. (188), to cause to fall, in ga-dr. [Caus. of driusan.]

dreiban (-drêbi; 10, n. 5), stv. (172, n. 1), to drive, in us-dr. [OE. drîfan, ME. drive, NE. drive.]

drigkan (gg for g; 67, n. 1), (stv. 174, n. 1), to drink, (1) abs.; Mk. II, 16. (2) w. acc.; Mt. VI, 25. 31. [OE. drincan, ME. drinke, NE. drink.]

driugan, stv. (173, n. 1), to perform military service, to war. [OE. drêogan, ME. drege, dreᵹe, NE. dree, to endure, suffer.]

driusan, stv. (173, n. 1), to fall, fall down, w. ana w. acc.; Mk. III, 10; du w. dat.; Mk. III, 11. V, 33. – Cpd. ga-d. [OE. drêosan (> drêor n., gore, blud, > drêorig, gory, sad, ME. drery, NE. dreary), ME. drese, to fall, > the NE. frequ. drizl.]

driusô (31), f. (112), slope; Mk. V, 13. [< driusan.]

drôbnan (56, n. 4), wv. (194), to becum trubld. [< *drôfs = OE. drôf, trubld, > OE. drêfan, ME. dreve, to trubl, afflict, = Goth. drôbjan, to stir up, trubl, OHG. truoben, MHG. trüeben, NHG. trüben, to make turbid, to afflict.]

drugkanei (32), f. (113), drunkenness. [< pp. stem of drigkan.]

-drugkja (32), m., in weindrugkja. [< drugk- (s. drugkanei) + suff. -jan-.]

drus, m. (101, ns. 1. 2), fall; Lu. II, 34. [< driusan, pp. drusans. OE. dryre, m., fall.]

drusun, prt. of driusan.

du, prep. w. dat., (1) local (especially after vs. of 'saying, speaking', and the like, denoting the pers. or th. addrest), to, into, at, on, towards; Mt. V, 23. VI, 6. 26. Mk. I, 5. 32. 37. 38. 40. 44. 45. II, 5. 8. 10. 11. 13. 14. 16. 17. 18. 24. 25. III, 3. 5. 7. 11. 13. 23. 31. 32. IV, 1. 13. 21. 24. 33. 35. 38. 39. 40. 41. V, 9. 15. 19. 21. 22. 31. 33. 34. 36. 39. 41. Lu. II, 10. 15. 17. 18. 20. 34. 48. 49. 50. II. Cor. I, 18. III, 7. 16. (2) abstr., to, unto, toward, for; Mt. VI, 6. Mk. I, 4. 44. Lu. II, 32. 34. II. Cor. I, 18. 20. II, 4. III, 1. IV, 2. 6. 15. V, 5. Skeir. VII, a; in; II. Cor. I, 9. 10. III, 4. (3) w. inf., to; Mt. V, 28. VI, 1. Mk. II, 9. III, 14. 15. IV, 3. Lu. II, 6. 21. [In meaning (not in form) identical w. OE. tô, ME. to, NE. to, prep. (too, adv.).]

-dûbô (15), in hraiwa-dûbô. [OE. dûfe, f., ME. douve, NE. duv.]

du-ginnan, stv. (174, n. 1), to begin, w. inf.; Mk. I, 45. II, 23. IV, 1. V, 17. 20. II. Cor. III, 1.

du-ƕê, adv., wherefore; Mk. II, 8. 18. IV, 40.

dulþs, f. (116 and n. 1), feast; Lu. II, 41. 42. [OHG. tuld, MHG. tuld, dult, f., NHG. (Bavarian) dult, a fair.]

-dumbnan, wv. (194), in af-d. [< dumbs.]

dumbs, adj. (124), dum. [OE. dumb, ME. domb, dum, NE. dum.]

du-stôdjan, wv. (188), to begin; II. Cor. superscr.

du-þê (duþþê, for duhþê, i. e. du-h-þê, for du-uh þê; s. 62, n. 3), adv. and conj. (153, n. 2), therefore; Mt. VI, 25. Mk. I, 38. II. Cor. I, 20. II, 9. IV, 1; duþê ei w. indic., for, because; Lu. II, 4; w. opt., that, in order that; Mk. IV, 21. II. Cor. III, 13.

dwals, adj. (124), foolish; dwala, m. (107; cp. also 132, n. 2), fool. [OE. dwal, dwol, dol, ME. dwal, dul, adj., foolish, NE. dul.]

Ei, (1) conj. (218), (a) before subj. clauses, that; Mt. V, 29. 30. VI, 7. II. Cor. I, 18; (b) before obj. clauses, after vs. of 'perceiving, knowing, believing, hoping, saying, commanding', and the like, that; Mt. V, 17. Mk. I, 44. III, 9 (first). 12. V, 43. II. Cor. I, 10. 13. 23. II, 1 (appositional). V, 1; (d) before final clauses, after vs. of 'willing, praying', and the like, that, in order that; Mt. V, 45. VI, 2. 4. 5. 16. 18. Mk. I, 38. II, 10. III, 2. 6. 9 (second). 10. 14. IV, 12. 21. 22. V, 10. 12. 18. 23. Luc. II, 3. 20. 24. 27. 35. II. Cor. I, 4. 9. 11. 15. 17. II, 3. 4. 5. 9. 11. III, 13. IV, 4. 7. 10. 11. 15. V, 4. 10. 12. 15. 21; (e) causal, sinse, for; Mk. I, 27. (2) enclitic, forming, (a) rel. prns. (157, 158; S., 69): saei, ikei, etc.; (b) rel. advs.: þarei, þadei, etc.; (c) conjs.: akei, faúrþizei, etc.; (d) adv. particls: waitei, wainei, etc. [Cp. sai.]

Eila (65, n. 1), pr. n.

eils = hails (21, n. 1; 61, n. 1).

eisarn, n. (94), iron. See note to Mk. V, 4. [OE. îsern, îren, n., ME. iren, NE. iron. Of Keltic orig.]

eisarneins, adj. (124), of iron, iron; Mk. V, 3. 4. [< eisarn + suff. -eina-.]

ei-þan, conj. (218), therefore.

Erelieva (54, n. 2), pr. n.

Ermanaricus (20, n. 3), pr. n.

Ermenberga (20, n. 3), pr. n.

Esaeias, pr. n. m., Esaias; dat. Esaïin; Mk. I, 2. [< Ἠσαΐας.]

Fadar, m. (114), father. [OE. fæder, m., ME. fader, NE. father (th for d may be due to the influence of ON. faðir and to 'brother', which hav orig. th).]

fadrein, n. (94, n. 4), paternity, family. [Prop. adj. uzed as sb., < fadar + suff. -eina-.]

fadreins, f. (103), lineage, family; Lu. II, 4. [< fadar + suff. -eini-.]

faginôn (66, n. 1), wv. (190), to rejoice, w. fram w. dat.; II. Cor. II, 3. [< a lost adj. (cp. aiginôn). OE. fæᵹnian (< fæᵹen, adj., glad), ME. faine, to rejoice, NE. fain (obs.), to wish, desire.]

fagrs, adj. (124), suitabl, fair. [OE. fæᵹer, adj., fair, beutiful, ME. fæiᵹer, fayr, NE. fair.]

fâhan (5 b), rv. (179), to cach, seiz. [OE. fôn (< fôan < fôhan < fǫnhan < fanhan; prt. fêng), ME. fon, fong (by influence of the prt. forms w. ng), to cach, > OE. ME. fang, NE. fang (sb.).]

fahêþs (fahêds; acc. faheid; 7, n. 2), f. (103), joy, gladness; Mk. IV, 16. Lu. II, 10. II. Cor. II, 3. [< fah- (cp. fag-inôn) + suff. -êdi-.]

-fahjan, wv. (188), in fulla-f. [< fah-; s. fahêþs.]

faian (22, n. 2), rv. (? 182, n. 1), to find fault with. [Cp. fijan.]

fáih (20, n. 2), n., fraud, deception.

-fáihôn, wv. (190), in ga-f. [< fáih. Cp. OE. fâh, adj., hostil, ge-fâh, m., foe, ME. fâ, fô, adj., hostil, (i-) fâ, (i-) fô, m. (sb.), NE. foe. See also ga-fáihôn.]

faíhu (53), n. (106), catl, property, muney. [OE. feoh, n., ME. fê, NE. fee.]

*faíhu-þraíhns, m. (91, or -þraíhn, n.; 94?), plenty of catl, riches. [-þraíhns < þreihan + suff. -na-.]

faír-, inseparabl particl, w. vs. and verbal derivativs which it intensifies. [OE. for-, intensiv prefix, ME. NE. for- (except in forfeit, where it is) < Lt. foris, out of doors.]

faír-áihan, prt. – prs. (203), to partake.

faír-greipan, stv. (172), w. acc., to take hold of, take; Mk. V, 41.

faírguni, n. (95), mountain; Mk. III, 13. V, 5. 11. [OE. firgen-, n., mountain, in f. – bêam, m., mountain-tree; f. – holt, n., mountain-wood, etc.]

-faírƕjan, wv. (188), in wai-f. [< faírƕus.]

faírƕus, m. (105), the world; II. Cor. I, 12. [OE. feorh, m. n., ME. vor, life.]

faírina, f. (97), charge, cause; Mt. V, 32. [< faír- + suff. -inô- (?). OE. firen (< *firenu), f., crime, sin.]

faírneis, adj. (128), old; Mk. II, 21, 22. [< *faírna- (< *faír-; cp. faírra) + suff. -na. OE. fyrn (cp. Siev., § 302), ME. furn, former, OHG. firni, MHG. virne, NHG. firn, old.]

faírra, adv. (213, n. 2; 217), far, far off; uzed as prep. w. dat.; Lu. II, 15. 37. [< faír- + suff. -ra. OE. feor(r), ME. feor, fer, adv. and adj., NE. far.]

faírraþrô, adv. (213, n. 2), far from, afar off; Mk. V, 6. [< faírra + -þrô.]

faír-weitjan, wv. (187), to look at, behold stedfastly, fix the eys upon, w. gen.; II. Cor. IV, 18; w. du w. dat.; II. Cor. III, 7; in w. acc.; II. Cor. III, 13.

falþan, rv. (179), to fold. [OE. fealdan, ME. falde, folde, NE. fold.]

-falþs, adj. (148), -fold, in ain-f., fidur-f. [< falþan. OE. – feald, ME. – fald, – fold, NE. – fold.]

fana, m. (108), a small piece of cloth, a pach; Mk. II, 21. [OE. fana, a piece of cloth, banner, ME. fane, vane, NE. vane, flag.]

Fanuêl, pr. n., Phanuel; gen. -is; Lu. II, 36. [< Φανουήλ.]

faran, stv. (177, n. 1), to fare, go. [OE. faran, to go, travel, ME. fare, NE. fare.]

Fareisaius, m., Farisee; nom. pl. -eis; Mk. II, 16. 18. 24. III, 6; gen. pl. -ê; Mt. V, 20. [< Φαρισαῖος.]

fastan, wv. (193), to hold fast, observ, keep; to fast; Mt. VI, 16. 17. 18. Mk. II, 18. 19. 20. – Cpd. ga-f. [< *fasts (= OE. fæst, adj., firm, strong, ME. NE. fast). OE. fæstan, ME. faste, to fasten, fast, NE. fast (also fasten, ME. fæstne, OE. fæstnian < OE. fæst).]

fastubni, n. (95), (1) a keeping, observance. (2) fasting; Lu. II, 37. [< fastan + suff. -ubnja-. OE. fæsten, n., ME. fasten, festen, fasting.]

-faþs, m. (101), master; s. brûþ-, synagôga-, þûsundi-faþs.

faúr, prep. w. acc. (217), (1) of space, before, along, by; Mk. I, 16. II, 13. IV, 4. (2) in abstr. relations, for, for … sake, concerning; II. Cor. I, 6. 11. V, 15. 20. – Occurs also in composition w. other words. [OE. for, prep., before, for, ME. NE. for.]

faúra, faúr-, (1) adv. of space and time, before. (2) prep. w. dat. (217), (a) of space, before; Mt. VI, 2. Mk. I, 2. V, 21. Lu. II, 22. II. Cor. V, 10; (b) in abstr. relations, for, because of; Mk. II, 4. f. andwaírþja w. gen., before; Mk. II, 12. – Occurs also in composition w. other words. [OE. ME. fore, prep., for, before; cp. faúr.]

faúra-gaggja (67, n. 1), m. (108), 'fore-goer', guvernor, steward. [< -gaggja < *gaggi < gaggan + suff. -ja.]

faúra-ga-satjan, wv. (187), w. acc., to set before, to present; II. Cor. IV, 14.

faúr-hâh (5 b), n. (94), curtain. [< -hâh < hâhan.]

faúrhtei, f. (113), fright, fear; Mk. V, 42. [< faúrhts. OE. fyrhtu (u for orig. î), f., ME. frigt, friᵹt, NE. fright.]

faúrhtjan, wv. (188), to fear, be afraid; Mk. V, 36. [< faúrhts. OE. fyrhtan, ME. friᵹte, a-friᵹt, pp., NE. fright (poet.), affright.]

faúrhts, adj. (124), fearful; Mk. IV, 40. [OE. forht, timid.]

faúr-lageins, f. (103, n. 1), a laying before; hlaibôs faúrlageinais, show-bred; Mk. II, 26. [< faúr-lagjan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

faúr-mûljan (15), wv. (188), to bind up one's mouth, to muzl.

faúrþis, adv., first, beforehand, before; Mt. V, 24. Mk. III, 27. II. Cor. I, 15. [< faúr + adverbial compar. suff. -þis (< -þiza-). OE. furðor, ME. furðer, NE. further.]

faúrþiz-ei, conj. (218), before; Mt. VI, 8. Lu. II, 21. faúrþizê (6, n. 4); Lu. II, 26.

*faus, adj. (124, n. 3), few. [OE. fêa(w-), ME. fêwe (the-we is due to the inflected forms), NE. few.]

-feinan, wv. (193), in in-f., to be moved with compassion, to pity; Mk. I, 41.

fêra (8), f. (97), region, side, part. [OHG. feara, fiara, side, part.]

fidur- (15, n. 1; 24, n. 2; 141, n. 1), num. (only in cpds.), four. [< *fiþur. OE. fyðer-, ME. feðer-, four; cp. fidwôr.]

fidur-falþs, adj. (148), four-fold.

fidwôr, num. (141), four; Lu. II, 37; dat. – im; Mk. II, 3. [For *fidwôr(i)z. OE. fyðer-, ME. feðer-. Cp. OE. fêower (< *fewur, for *fehwur = O. Icel. fjogor, fjugur, n., < an erlier *kwekur-< *kwetur-; cp. Brugm., III, p. 11), ME. foure, NE. four. Cp. fidur.]

fidwôr-taíhun, num. (141). [OE. fêower-tene, ME. fourtene, NE. fourteen.]

fidwôr tigjus (cp. tigus), num. (142), forty; Mk. I, 13. Skeir. VII, d (= ·m·). [OE. fêowertiᵹ, ME. fowwerrtiᵹ, vourti, NE. forty.]

figgra-gulþ (88a), n. (94), 'finger-gold', finger-ring.

figgrs, m. (91), finger. [OE. finger, m., ME. finger, NE. finger.]

fijan (fian; 10, n. 4), wv. (193), to hate, w. acc.; Mt. V, 43. VI, 24. [OE. fêon (< *fi(j)ǫn). Cp. fijands.]

fijands (fiands), m. (115), enemy; Mt. V, 43. 44. [Prop. prsp. of fijan, uzed as sb. OE. fêond (< fi(j)ǫnd), m., ME. fênd, NE. fiend.]

filhan, stv. (174, n. 1), to hide, conceal. – Cpd. ana-f. [OE. feolan (< *feolhan), to hide, be-feolan, to commit, ME. fele, to hide, be-fele, to commit, OHG. bifel(h)an, to commit, trust, recommend, also to hide, bury, MHG. bevel(he)n, to trust, commit, command, NHG. be-fehlen, to command, commend, commit.]

Filippus, pr. n., Philip; Skeir. VII, a; acc. -u; Mk. III, 18. [< Φίλιππος.]

-fill, n. (94), skin, hide, in þrûts-fill. [< Germanic fella- (i. e. fel-la-; – la- < orig. – no-; cp. Brgm., I, § 67). OE. fel(l), n., skin, hide, ME. NE. fel.]

filleins, adj. (124), made of skin, lethern; Mk. I, 6. [< fill + suff. -eina-.]

filu, adj. (131, n. 3), much, very; II. Cor. I, 5; w. a sb. in the gen.; Mk. III, 7. 8. IV, 1. V, 21. 24; as adv., much, greatly; Mk. I, 45. III, 12. V, 10. 23. 38. 43; w. a compar.: filu mais, much more; Skeir. VII, d; filaus (gen.) maizô, (sumthing) much greater; Skeir. VII, c; und filu mais, much more, stil more; II. Cor. III, 9. 11; ƕan filu, how much, how great; Mt. VI, 23. Mk. III, 8. V, 19. 20. w. advs.: swa filu, so much; Skeir. VII, c. swa filu swê, as much as; Skeir. VII, c. [OE. feolu, feola, ME. fela, fele, OHG. filu, MHG. vil(e), NHG. viel, much.]

filusna, f. (97), abundance; Skeir. VII, c (the first); multitude; Skeir. VII, b. c (the second). [< filu + suff. -s-nô-; cp. Brgm. II, p. 141.]

filu-waúrdei, f. (113), much talking; Mt. VI, 7. [< *filu-waúrds, adj.; -waúrds < waúrd.]

filu-waúrdjan, wv. (188), to uze many words, to speak much; Mt. VI, 7. [< *filuwaúrds; s. prec. word.]

fimf, num. (141), five; Skeir. VII, b; fimf-taíhun (141), fifteen. fimf tigjus (142), fifty. fimf þûsundjôs waírê, five thousand (of) men; Skeir. VII, b. [OE. fîf (< *fimf), ME. fif, vive, NE. five. – OE. fîftene, – tyne, ME. fiftene, NE. fifteen. – OE. fîftiᵹ, ME. fifti, NE. fifty.]

fimfta-taíhunda, ord. num. (146), the fifteenth. [OE. fîftêoða (< fîfta-têoða, – têogeða), the fifteenth.]

finþan, stv. (174, n. 1), to find, find out, know, w. acc.; Mk. V, 43. [OE. findan, ME. finde, NE. find.]

fiskja, m. (107), fisher; Mk. I, 16. [< fisks + suff. -jan-.]

fiskôn, wv. (190), to fish. [< fisks.]

fisks, m. (91), fish; Skeir. VII, a. b. c. d. [OE. fisc, m., ME. fiss, fish, NE. fish.]

fitan, stv. (? 176, n. 1), to travail (in birth), to bear (children).

flôdus, f. (? 105, b), flud. [< √ flô (also seen in OE. flôwan, ME. flowe, NE. flow) + suff. -du-. OE. flôd, m., ME. flôd, flod, NE. flud.]

flôkan, rv. (179 and n. 4), to lament, bewail. [OS. – flôkan (stv.) in far-flôkan, to curse, OHG. (far-)fluohhôn (wv., but pp. farfluahhan), MHG. (ver-)fluochen, NHG. (ver-)fluchen (wv.), to curse.]

fôdeins, f. (103, n. 1), food; Mt. VI, 25. [< fôdjan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

fôdjan, wv. (188), to feed, nurish, bring up, w. acc.; Mt. VI, 26. Skeir. VII, d. [OE. fêdan (< *fôdian), ME. fede, NE. feed.]

fôn (12, n. 3), n. (118), gen. funins, dat. funin, fire; Mt. V, 22. [< √ fû (Goth. ô for û) + suff. -na, -n-an-. In West-Germanic the suff. – r-is added. OE. fŷr (< fû-ir), ME. fir, NE. fire.]

fôtu-baúrd (88a), n. (94), foot-board, foot-stool; Mt. V. 35. [< fôtus + baúrd = OE. bord, n., board, shield, table, ME. bord, NE. board.]

fôtus, m. (105), foot; Mt. V, 35. Mk. V, 4. 22. [Stem fôtu-, orig. fôt- (consonantal stem). OE. fôt, pl., fêt, m., ME. fôt, fot, pl. fêt, NE. foot.]

fra-, an inseparabl particl uzed w. vbs. and verbal nouns. It chiefly signifies 'separation, destruction, loss, change', and the like. [A variant of faír-.]

fra-gaf, prt. of fra-giban.

fra-giban (56, n. 1), stv. (176), w. acc. of th. (dir. obj.) and dat. of pers. (indir. obj.), to forgiv; II. Cor. II, 7. 10; to giv, grant; Skeir. VII, b. [OE. for-giefan, ME. forgive, NE. forgiv.]

fra-gifts (56, n. 4), f. (103), a giving away; espousal; Lu. II, 5. [< fra-giban; s. -gifts.]

fraíhnan, stv. (176, n. 4), to ask, w. acc. of the pers. askt and gen. of the th. askt for; Mk. IV, 10; for the gen. a dir. question; Mk. V, 9; to ask questions; Lu. II, 46. [OE. frignan, ON. fregna > ME. freine, to ask; cp. OHG. frâgên, MHG. vrâgen, NHG. fragen, to ask.]

fraisan, rv. (179), to tempt; Mk. I, 13. [Cp. OE. frâsian, wv., to tempt.]

fraistubni, f. (98), temptation; Mt. VI, 13. [< fraisti- (< fraisan + suff. -ti-) = ON. freisti, f., temptation; + suff. -ubnjô-.]

fra-itan, stv. (176, n. 3), to eat up, devour, w. acc.; Mk. IV, 4. [OE. fretan (< *for-etan), to eat up, devour, ME. frete, to devour, consume, corrode, NE. fret, to eat away.]

fraiw, n. (94, n. 1), seed; Mk. IV, 3. 26. 27. 31. [ON. fræ̂ (dat. fræ̂wi), n., seed.]

fra-kunnan, prt. – prs. (199, n. 1), to despise, w. dat.; Mt. VI, 24.

fra-qiman, stv. (175, n. 1), to expend, spend, consume, w. dat.; Mk. V, 26.

fra-qistjan, wv. (188), to destroy; Mk. I, 24. II. Cor. IV, 9.

fra-qistnan, wv. (194), to perish; Mt. V, 29. 30. Mk. II, 22. IV, 38. II. Cor. II, 15. Skeir. VII, d.

fra-laílôt, prt. of fralêtan.

fra-lêtan (-leitan; 7, n. 2), rv. (181), w. acc., to let free, dismiss, send away; Lu. II, 29; to let down; Mk. II, 4; w. dat. of pers. and an inf., to permit, suffer; Mk. I, 34. V, 37; fralêt (imper.), let be, let alone; Mk. I, 24.

fra-lêts, m. (91; or -lêt; n.; 94?), forgivness; Mk. III, 29. [< fra-lêtan.]

fra-liusan, stv. (173, n. 1), to lose. [OE. for-lêosan, ME. forlêse, NE. *forleese (s. -liusan), pp. forlorn.]

fra-lusnan, wv. (194), to perish; II. Cor. II, 15 (gloss). IV, 3.

fra-lusts, f. (103), loss, destruction. [< fraliusan + suff. -ti-.] [OHG. vir-lust, MHG. verlust, f., NHG. verlust, m., loss.]

fram, prep. w. dat. (217), (1) local, denoting, (a) 'separation', from, away from; II. Cor. V, 6; (b) 'motion, direction', from; Mk. I, 9. V, 35. (2) temporal, from, sinse; Lu. II, 36. II. Cor. V, 16. (3) in other relations, (a) after vs. of 'hearing, knowing, receiving, lerning', of, from, about; Mk. III, 21; (b) of 'cause or motiv', from; II. Cor. II, 3; (c) denoting the 'source' whense anything cums, from; Lu. II, 1. II. Cor. I, 2. on the part of, of; Mt. VI, 1; (d) concerning, on behalf, for; Mk. I, 44. Lu. II, 24. II. Cor. V, 12; (e) w. a pass. v., of, by; Mt. VI, 2. Mk. I, 5. 9. 13. II, 3. Lu. II, 18. 21. 26. II. Cor. I, 4. II, 6 (where a pp. may be added). 11. III, 2. 3. V, 4; or an act. v. w. a pass. meaning; Mk. V, 26. II. Cor. I, 16. – Occurs also in composition w. other words. [OE. frǫm, fram, ME. from, vram, NE. from.]

fram-aldrs, adj. (124), advanced in age, very old; Lu. II, 36. [-aldrs < *aldr, n. (= OE. ealdor, n., OHG. altar, MHG. NHG. alter, n., age), age, < alan + suff. -dra-.]