A Gothic Grammar

IV. FROM THE SECOND EPISTL TO THE CORINTHIANS

Chap. I. 1. aíkklêsjôn; dat., the guverning vb. being omitted. —þizai wisandein; agrees with aíkklêsjôn. 2. Iêsu; for Iêsua which, together with Xristau, is in apposition with fraujin. 3. þiuþiþs; sc. sijai: blessed be. —jah (καί); here emfatic: (who is) even. 4. gaþrafstida…gaþrafstidai sijum; we should have expected the prs., because the statement does not refer to any particular consolations, but is a statement of 'general truth'. —weis; emfatic (S., 2, n. 1). —in allaim aglôn; a prepositional frase, with the art., uzed as sb. (S., 68, (2)). —þizaiei; instr. dat. guvernd by gaþrafstidai. 5. swaswê…swa jah, as … so also; the second jah may remain untranslated, or the first jah may be rendered by 'the same' (jah þaírh Xristu, by the same Christ), and the second by also. —ufar filu ist, is beyond much, i. e. abounds. 6. aþþan, but. —jaþþê þr., in…; jaþþe gaþr., in…, whether we ar afflicted, (it is) because of … or whether we ar cumforted, (it is) because of. 7. swaswê…jah, as (so) also. —waírþiþ; added by the translator: ye shal be (lit. becum, sc. gadailans, partakers, with the gen. S., 20; and cp. 26). 8. izwis unweisans (sc. wisan); acc. and inf. depending on wileima (S., 112). —brôþrjus (before which we should put a comma); voc. —uns; dat. of interest (S., 47). —ufarassau; instr. dat. of manner (S., 52, (6)). —ufar maht (acc. Gr., 102), abuv strength; cp. verse 5. —swaswê skamaidêdeima uns (refl. acc. S., 16, n. 1); opt. in a consecutiv clause (S., 97, b): so that we wer ashamed.107—jah, even. 9. akei silbans in uns silbam andahaft dauþaus habaidêdum, but we ourselvs had the answer of deth in ourselvs, i. e. (according to de Wette. – Bernhardt's large edition, p. 415) the question, whether I should escape deth, I answerd negativly. —sijaima; final opt. (S., 96, a, β). 10. izei; rel. prn. (= saei. Gr., 157, n. 3). —dauþum, deths, i. e. dangers of deth. —galauseiþ (not for ῥύεται. Bernhardt, p. 415) …galauseiþ; both for the Grk. fut. (S., 86, (3)). 11. at hilpandam jah izwis; dat. abs. introduced by at (S., 119): as ye also ar helping. —bidai; instr. dat. (S., 52, (2)). —bi; w. acc., for (= ὑπερ w. gen., as in Mt., 44). —in managamma andwaírþja, in (= before) a great presence, i. e. before many persons. —ei sô in uns giba awiliudodau (3d pers. sg. prs. opt. pass. Gr., 189, d), that for the gift (bestowd) on us thanks be givn, lit.: that the gift (bestowd) on us be praizd. —þaírh managans, by many. —faúr uns, on our behalf. 12. þatei; conj., that. —usmeitum; ei for ê (Gr., 7, n. 2). —iþ ufarassau (instr. dat. of manner. S., 52, (6)), and more abundantly (περισσοτέρως δὲ), and beyond mezure. 13. alja; acc. pl. n. of aljis (Gr., 125), here uzed substantivly. —alja (the second); conj., except. 14. unsara; sc. sijuþ ƕôftuli. 15. þizai (dem. prn.) trauainai; instr. dat. of manner (S., 52, (6)). —habaidêdeiþ; prt. opt. (Gr., 192) in a final clause (S., 96, b). 16. gasandjan mik (an activ vb. with a refl. acc., for a pass. vb. in Grk. (S., 16)): to return. 17. þatuþ-þan; for þata-uh-þan, and this. —ibai auftô, perhaps (a negativ answer being expected). —leihtis; gen. guvernd by brûhta (S., 25). —aíþþau þatei (rel. prn.) mitô bi leika þagkjau, or do I purpose that which I think according to the flesh? There is a notewurthy change of mood in this and other dubl questions (S., 91). —þata ja ja jah þata nê nê (advs. w. the art. uzed substantivly. S., 68, (2)), the yea, yea and the nay, nay? i. e. now yea, now nay? 18. aþþan triggws guþ, an ellipsis: but (as) God (is) tru, [so tru it is]. 19. nih; for ni-h, the -h (= uh) being intensiv. —warþ; here the same as was. 20. ƕaiwa managa gahaita guþs, ín imma, as many promises of God, [they ar] in him, i. e. all promises of God ar in him (= Christ). —duþþê (for du-uh-þê. Gr., 62, n. 3), to that, for that, therefore. 21. guþ; sc. ist. 22. wadi; predicate acc. (S., 18), as a pledge. 23. weitwôd; like wadi, pred. acc. —izwara; gen. guvernd by freidjands (S., 26). 24. izwarai galaubeinai; dat. guvernd by fraujinôma (S., 38; cp. also 52, (3), n.) —anstais, joy, but probably for χάριτος (not χαρᾶς), which is found in sum manuscripts. —galaubeinai; loc. dat. (S., 53, 1, b), after gastôþuþ, for which we might expect the pres. (S., 86, 4).

Chap. II. 1. gastauida; prt. of gastôjan (Gr., 186). —at, with. —qimau; opt. in an obj. clause expressing possibility (S., 92). —at, to. 2. gailjai; opt. in a rel. clause expressing result (S., 99, a). —sa; art. —gáurida; nom. sg. m. of the weak pp. (Gr., 134). —us, by. 3. jaþ; for jah (Gr., 62, n. 3). —izwis; dat. of the indir. obj. after gamêlida (S., 37). —habau; prs. opt. in a final clause after a prt. in the leading proposition (S., 96, a, β). —fram þaimei (its antecedent being omitted. S., 70, n. 1; and 72); loc. dat. guvernd by faginôn (S., 53, 1, b). —allaizê (uzed substantivly) izwara (pers. prn. in the gen. pl. Gr., 150); sc. fahêþs, the joy of all of you (S., 82). 4. aþþan (γάρ; so in the epistls only), for. —þaírh, with; expresses the situation of the subj. —ni þêei (prop. instr. of the rel. prn. Gr., 157, n. 1); conj. not that. —ufarassau; see I, 8. 5. ƕas; indef. prn. (Gr., 162, n. 2). —bi sumata, ei ni anakaúrjau, allans izwis, in sum mezure, that I may not overcharge (him) you all. 6. þamma swaleikamma (the dat. being guvernd by ganah, which uzually takes the acc. S., 42, n.); uzed substantivly (S., 68, (1), a, α). —andabêt (ê for ei. Gr., 17, n. 1). —managizam; compar. (Gr., 132, n. 4; 135; 136), where we uze the positiv: many. 7. swaei..izwis..fragiban jag (g for h. Gr., 62, n. 3) gaþláihan; acc. with the inf. introduced by swaei to express result (S., 115; cp. Mk. IV, 1). —þata andaneiþô; adverbial acc. (S., 15, (2), n. 2): contrariwise. —managizein (weak compar. adj. fem. Gr., 132, n. 4) saúrgai; instr. dat. of cause (S., 52, 5; cp. also 53, n. 1). —sa swaleiks (for its strong inflection, see Gr., 161), such a one. 8. inuþ (for in-uh, i. e. -uh attacht to the prep. in, which is here uzed with the gen.: because of. The prep. inuh or inu means without) þis, on this account, therefore. —in imma; for εὶς αὐτόν. 9. sijaidu (for sijaiþ-u. Gr., 74, n. 1); opt. in an indir. question depending on ufkunnau, and introduced by the interr. particl -u (S., 95, a, β). 10. aþþan; here for δέ; cp. 4. —ƕa; here indef. prn.; see Mt. V, 23. —jah ik, [to him] I [forgiv] also. —jah þan ik …fragaf (in both cases for the Grk. perf.), for I hav alredy forgivn. —jabai ƕa (indef.) fragaf, if I hav forgivn anything. 11. gaáiginôndau; 1st pers. pl. prs. opt. (in a final clause. S., 96, a, α) pass. (Gr., 189, d). —munins; gen. after unwitandans (S., 23). —is; pers. prn. for the poss. prn. (S., 62). 12. aþþan; for δέ. —qimands in Trauadai; see Mt. V, 20. —at haúrdai uslukanai; dat. abs. with at (S., 120). —mis; dat. of interest (S., 47). 13. ahmin meinamma; loc. dat. (S., 53, (1), c). —in þammei (for þamma ei. Gr., 4, n.), in that (Gr., 157), because. —im; abl. dat., guvernd by twisstandands (S., 54). 15. dauns wôþi; for εὐωδία. 16. us, of. —jad; for jah (Gr., 62, n. 3). 17. sium; for sijum (Gr., 10, n. 4; 204, n. 1).

Chap. III. 1. anafilhis; adnominal gen. after bôkô (S., 20). —bôkô; abl. gen. guvernd by þaúrbum. 2. siuþ; = sijuþ; see II, 17. —gamêlida ..kunþa..anakunnaida; pps. agreeing with aípistaúlê (Gr., 134). 3. swikunþai þatei, siuþ, etc., forasmuch as ye ar known [to be], etc. B has swikunþ: It is manifest that ye ar. —swartiza..ahmin; instr. dats. (S., 52, (2)). 5. ƕa; indef. prn. 6. izei; rel. prn. (Gr., 157, n. 3). —brâhta, with two accs. (S., 18): made. 7. swaei mahtêdeina (Gr., 201); consecutiv clause (S., 97, b). —þis gataúrnandins; belongs to wulþaus, not to the adnominal gen. wlitis. 8. waírþai; potential opt. in a dir. question (S., 91, (3)). 9. andbahtja; dat. of possession, the vb. being understood: For if there be glory to the ministration of, etc. 11. þaírh; denotes here, as in II, 4, a state or condition. 12. managaizôs balþeins; gen. guvernd by brûkjaima (S., 25), hort. opt. (S., 91, (2)). 13. jan; for jah (Gr., 62, n. 3). —duþê (i. e. du + the instr. case of þata. Gr., 153. S., 51) ei (Gr., 157), 'to that that', for the purpose that, in order that, with a final opt. (S., 96, b). —gataúrnandins; gen. sg. of the weak pp. (Gr., 134) uzed substantivly (S., 68, (4)): of the vanishing (glory). 14. wisiþ, remains. 16. gawandeiþ (intr. S., 16, n. 2); its subj. is haírtô izê, to be supplied from the preceding verse. 18. þô samôn frisaht; this acc., with a pass. vb., is an imitation of the corresponding Greek passage: τήν αὐτὴν εἰκόνα μεταμορφούμεθα, we ar changed into the same image (S., 17 and 18, n. 4, where this passage ought to hav been explaind).

Chap. IV. 1. gaarmaida waúrþum (for the Grk. aor. pass. S., 87, (4), c), wer pitied, receivd mercy. —ni waírþaima; hort. opt. (for the ind. in A). —usgrudjans; only weak (Gr., 132, n. 2). 2. þaim analaugnjam (adj. uzed as sb. S., 68, (1)); abl. dat. guvernd by afstôþum (S., 54,(1)). —galiug (pred. acc. S., 18) taujandans waúrd guþs, falsifying the word of God, lit.: making the word of God a lie. —baírhtein; instr. dat. (S., 52, (2)). 4. ei ni liuhtjai im liuhadeins. Like Bernhardt, I am in favor of liuhadeins (gen. as subj. S., 25, n. 2); cp. ni was im rûmis in Lu. II, 7. Sum editors (cp. Gr., 113, n. 2) prefer liuhadein (in B). Bernhardt remarks that liuhadein may 'allenfalls' be explaind as an acc.: 'damit er ihnen nicht leuchten lasse das licht'. But it may also pass as instrumental dat.: 'damit er ihnen nicht leuchte vermöge des lichtes', lest ther be any light to them thru the light, etc. Cp. similar instr. dativs in Mk. V, 42; Lu. II, 8. 9. 5. aþþan, for; see II, 4. 6. —uns; external obj. after mêrjam. —skalkans izwarans; pred. acc. (S., 18). 6. untê guþ; sc. ist: for it is God who, etc. —ur-; for us (Gr., 78, n. 4). —liuhaþ skeinan; acc. and inf. depending on qaþ (S., 112). —saei jah, and who. 7. aþþan, but. 11. in dauþu; depends on atgibanda. 12. swaei nu (for ὥστε), therefore. 13. gamêlidin; dat. of the pp. n. (Gr., 134) uzed substantivly (S., 68, (4)). 14. jah, also. —urraiseiþ…faúragasatjiþ; for the Grk. fut. (S., 86, (3)). 15. þatuh (for the art. þata and the intensiv particl -uh), immediately followd by þan, allata being uzed substantivly (S., 82, (1), a): for all (the) things. —managizans, more; we uze the positiv: several, many (see II, 6). —ufarassjai; trans., its obj. being awiliud. —guþa; dat. after a sb. (for the Grk. gen. S., 34; and 35, n. 2): for God, i. e. of God. 16. inuh (for in-uh; see II, 8) þis, because of this, for this reason. —ak þáuhjabai (for ἀλλ' εἰ καί), but even if, but tho. —aíþþau, yet (cp. S., 102, b). —daga jah daga; loc. dat. of time (S., 53, (2)). 17. þata andwaírþô (adv.) ƕeilaƕaírb jah leiht (for τὸ παραυτίκα πρόσκαιρον καὶ ἐλαφρόν), that (which is) at present, etc., the two uninflected adjs. being uzed substantivly, with an adnominal gen., aglôns unsaraizôs. —waúrkjada; the pass. for the Grk. midl, with the pred. nom. (S., 18, n. 4) kaúrei. 18. faírweitjandam, sc. unsis; dat. abs. (S., 119), or the ptc. is simply in apposition with the preceding dat. unsis. —þizei (ei for ê. Gr., 7, n. 2); gen. pl. of the art. before the following two ptcs. (Gr., 134) uzed substantivly (S., 68, n. 4).

Chap. V. 1. þatei; repeated after the protasis in the form of ei. —jabai; with the ind., for ἐάν with the subj. (S., 102; cp. also 100, n.). 2. ufarhamôn; uzed reflexivly (for the Grk. midl. S., 16, n. 3), and with the instr., bauainai unsarai þizai (S., 52, (2), b). 3. jabai swêþáuh jah, if even tho. —gawasidai; the pass. for the Grk. midl; cp. the preceding verse. 4. ana þammei (for þamma ei), over that that, for the reason that. —afhamôn..anahamôn; for the Grk. midl; cp. verse 2. 5. jah; a strange addition in the Gothic text. Perhaps it is ment to connect gamanwida, etc., with what it is said in the preceding verses to cum from God (or heven), then the second jah means also; or jah..jah = both … and. —guþ; sc. ist. —wadi ahman; the latter is the external obj. of gaf, the former predicate acc. (S., 18; cp. also n. 1). 8. mais, rather. —anahaimjaim wisan (for ἐνδημῆσαι). Gabelentz and Loebe and Uppström explain the dat. anahaimjaim as being due to unsis understood with waljam. 9. inuh; see IV, 16. —imma; dat. guvernd by galeikan (S., 42), the obj. of usdaudjam (S., 109). 10. skuldai sijum, we ar owing, we must. —þô swêsôna leikis, the body's own, the bodily things, i. e. the things which the body deservs. —afar þaimei; for afar þaim þôei (by attraction. S., 71. Cp. the reverse attraction in Grk. πρός ἅ). 11. swikunþans (pred. adj.) wisan uns (subj.); acc. with the inf. (in Grk. the inf. alone) after wênja (S., 112). 12. ni ei, not that, not as if. —uskannjaima; final opt. (S., 96, a). —ƕôftuljôs; adnominal gen. after lêw (S., 20). —fram, concerning, for, on behalf of (cp. Mk. I, 44; Lu. II, 24). 13. guþa..izwis; dats. of interest (S., 47): (it is) for God … (it is) for you. 15. þata; dem. prn. —þatei; conj., that. —sis silbam…sik; refers to the subj. of the dependent clause, þai libandans (S., 60). —þamma gaswiltandin jah urreisandin; like the preceding sis, dats. of advantage (S., 36, (4)), the prsp. rendering the Grk. aor. ptc. (S., 117). 16. swaei kunnum; a consecutiv clause, the vb. being in the ind. (cp. S., 97 and 89). —fram þamma nu, lit. from the now (nu with the art. being uzed substantivly. S., 68, 2), i. e. henseforth. —ni ainnôhun; indef. prn. (Gr., 163, c). —ni..ai; the two negativs strengthen the negation (never make an affirmativ in Goth.) 17. ƕô (indef. prn. f. Gr., 159, n. 3); agrees with gaskafts, and is uzed adjectivly (we might hav expected ƕas: if any man (be) in Christ, he (is) a new creature). —þô alþjôna (the n. adj. uzed as sb. S., 68, (1)) usliþun (apodosis), the old things past away. —niuja (nom. pl. n. Gr., 126); pred. adj. agreeing with alla uzed substantivly (S., 82, (1)). 18. uns (the first), dir. obj. of gafriþôndin. —sis; indir. obj. (S., 43). —uns (the second); dat. 19. untê swêþauh (seems to stand for 'quoniam quidem' of the Lt. manuscripts. – Bernhardt), because indeed. —im..izê, to them … their, referring to mankind, world. 20. at guþa gaþlaíhandin; dat. abs. introduced by at (S., 120). —guþa; dat. after gagawaírþnan (cp. sis in verse 18). 21. þana (dem. prn.) izei (rel. prn. Gr., 157, n. 3) kunþa (prt. of kunnan. Gr., 199, (4)); for τὸν γνόντα. —gatawida; with an external obj., þana, and a pred. acc., frawaúrht (S., 18). —ei weis waúrþeima (final opt. S., 96, b), that we might becum.

V. FROM THE SKEIREINS

a 49. …ahun; the remaining part of an unknown word, probably ainahun. —kunnandins; weak inflection of the prsp. (Gr., 133), uzed as sb. —is; refers to fraujins (S., 60). —waldufneis; gen. guvernd by andþaggkjandins. —Stains; i. e. Πέτρος, Peter. —ains (the first), alone. —ains (the second), one. —·e·, five (Gr., 1 and n. 2). —mikilis; gen. depending on waíht (S., 21). —waírþidôs (dignity, greatness); gen. guvernd by andþaggkjands (sik being omitted. S., 26 and 16, n. 2). —þaírh þôei (acc. pl. n. Gr., 157), thru which, i. e. wherefore. —usbar, brought forth, i. e. exclaimd. —niuklahein; dat. guvernd by andtilônds (S., 38). b. þans mans (Gr., 117, (1)) anakumbjan; acc. with the inf., guvernd by waúrkeiþ (S., 112). —at hauja managamma wisandin; dat. abs. introduced by at (S., 120). —þô filusna anakumbjan; acc. with the inf., guvernd by gatawidêdun. —inuh (prep., not in-uh), without. —at ni wisandein (Gr., 133) aljai waíhtai; dat. abs. with at (S., 120). —swa managai; belongs to waílawiznai, instr. dat. (S., 52, 2, a). —ganaúhan; acc. sing. m. of ganaúha (for the inf. ganaúhan, s. Gr., 201), guvernd by fragaf, im being the indir. obj. c. filaus; adv. gen. w. the (acc. sg. n. of the) compar. maizô (S., 30, c). —afar þatei; temporal conj.: after that, when. —managei; here w. a sg. v. (S., 5). —matida (prt. here = our past perfect = Lt. 'postquam' w. the perfect). —bigitan was, there was found; we should expect the pl., but the sense is: there was found a quantity of twelv (·ib· Gr., 1, n. 2) baskets, etc. —þatei, which (i. e. which quantity). —þizei (ei for ê. Gr., 7, n. 2) hlaibê…þizê fiskê; partit. gens. (S., 21). —nih þan, for not. —ana…in; change of prep. without change of sense. —ainaim, alone (Gr., 140, 1). —swaei; consecutiv conj., that. —ainƕarjammêh; dat. (Gr., 165, n. 1) guvernd by tawida. —is; I prefer Bernhardt's emendation, izê, of them (i. e. of the fishes). d. naúh us þamma, besides (lit. 'stil from that.') —jêrê; partit. gen. after ·m· (Gr., 1, n. 2). —aflifnandeins; prsp. f. (Gr., 133). —waíhtai; dat. guvernd by fraqistnai (impers.; cp. the Lt. 'mihi invidetur'. S., 49); opt. in a final clause.

GLOSSARY

Remarks. – The signs ƕ, q, þ follow h, k, t, respectivly. – The figures in () refer to the paragrafs of the Grammar.