Origin of Cultivated Plants

1225

Rumphius, Amboin, vol. v. p. 397, t. 144.

1226

Piddington, Index, at the word Cucurbita lagenaria; Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Europ., edit. 3, vol. i. p. 386.

1227

Seemann, Flora Vitiensis, p. 106.

1228

Bentham, Flora Australiensis, iii. p. 316.

1229

Described first under the name Lagenaria idolatrica. A. Richard, Tentamen Fl. Abyss., i. p. 293, and later, Naudin and Cogniaux, recognized its identity with L. vulgaris.

1230

Torrey and Gray, Fl. of N. Amer., i. p. 543; Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Ind. Is., p. 288.

1231

Bretschneider, letter of the 23rd of August, 1881.

1232

Tragus, Stirp., p. 285; Ruellius, De Natura Stirpium, p. 498; Naudin, ibid.

1233

Pliny, Hist. Plant., l. 19, c. 5.

1234

Ibn Alawâm, in E. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, iii. p. 60; Ibn Baithar, Sondtheimer’s translation.

1235

Unger, Pflanzen des Alten Ægyptens, p. 59; Pickering, Chronol. Arrang., p. 137.

1236

In 8vo, 1877, p. 17.

1237

Rauwolf, Fl. Orient., p. 125.

1238

Piso, Indiæ Utriusque., etc., edit. 1658, p. 264.

1239

Marcgraf, Hist. Nat. Brasiliæ, 1648, p. 44.

1240

Naudin, ibid.; Cogniaux, Flora Brasil., fasc. 78, p. 7; and de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 418.

1241

Cl. Gay, Flora Chilena, ii. p. 403.

1242

Jos. Acosta, French trans., p. 167.

1243

Pickering, Chronol. Arrang., p. 861.

1244

Pickering, ibid.

1245

Ramusio, vol. iii. p. 112.

1246

P. Brown, Jamaica, edit. ii. p. 354.

1247

Elliott, Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, ii. p. 663.

1248

Torrey and Gray, Flora of N. America, i. p. 544.

1249

Asa Gray, in the American Journal of Science, 1857, vol. xxiv. p. 442.

1250

Trumbull, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. vi. p. 69.

1251

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. vi. p. 5; vol. xii. p. 84.

1252

Ibid., 4th series, vol. xviii. p. 160; vol. xix. p. 180.

1253

As much as 200 lbs., according to the Bon Jardinier, 1850, p. 180.

1254

Hooker, Fl. of Trop. Afr., ii. p. 555.

1255

Lobel, Icones, t. 641. The illustration is reproduced in Dalechamp’s Hist., i. p. 626.

1256

Clarke, Hooker’s Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 622.

1257

Bretschneider, letter of Aug. 23, 1881.

1258

The list is given by E. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, iii. p. 401. The Cucurbita of which he speaks must have been the gourd, Lagenaria.

1259

Piso, Brazil., edit. 1658, p. 264; Marcgraf, edit. 1648, p. 44.

1260

Harris, American Journal, 1857, vol. xxiv. p. 441; Trumbull, Bull. of Torrey Bot. Club, 1876, vol. vi. p. 69.

1261

Asa Gray, Botany of the Northern States, edit. 1868, p. 186.

1262

Darlington, Flora Cestrica, 1853, p. 94.

1263

Géogr. Bot. Raisonnée, p. 902.

1264

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3rd series, vol. vi. p. 9; Cogniaux, in de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 546.

1265

Asa Gray, Plantæ Lindheimerianæ, part ii. p. 198.

1266

Molina, Hist. Nat. du Chili, p. 377.

1267

Cogniaux, in Monogr. Phanér. and Flora Brasil., fasc. 78, p. 21.

1268

Cogniaux, Fl. Bras. and Monogr. Phanér., iii., p. 547.

1269

See the excellent plate in Wight’s Icones, t. 507, under the erroneous name of Cucurbita maxima.

1270

Cogniaux, in Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 547.

1271

Miquel, Sumatra, under the name Gymnopetalum, p. 332.

1272

Cogniaux, in Monogr. Phanér.

1273

Gardener’s Chronicle, articles signed “I. H. H.,” 1857, p. 153; 1858, p. 130.

1274

Cogniaux, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 485.

1275

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xviii. p. 171.

1276

Hooker, in Oliver, Fl. of Trop. Afr., ii. p. 546.

1277

Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Aufzählung, p. 267.

1278

Schumacher and Thonning, Guineiske Planten., p. 426.

1279

Cogniaux, in de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., p. 483.

1280

Bretschneider, letter of Aug. 26, 1881.

1281

Piddington, Index.

1282

See the copy in Unger’s Pflanzen des Alten Ægyptens, fig. 25.

1283

Galen, De Alimentis, l. 2, c. 5.

1284

See all the Vergilian floras, and Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xii. p. 111.

1285

Comes, Ill. Piante nei Dipinti Pompeiani, in 4to, p. 20, in the Museo Nation., vol. iii. pl. 4.

1286

Habitat in Apulia, Calabria, Sicilia (Linnæus, Species, edit. 1763, p. 1435).

1287

Seringe, in Prodromus, iii. p. 301.

1288

Naudin, Ann. sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xii. p. 101; Sir J. Hooker, in Oliver, Flora of Trop. Afr., ii. p. 549.

1289

French trans., p. 56.

1290

Unger has copied the figures from Lepsius’ work in his memoir Die Pflanzen des Alten Ægyptens, figs. 30, 31, 32.

1291

Dictionnaire Français-Berber, at the word pastèque.

1292

Moris, Flora Sardoa.

1293

Piddington, Index.

1294

Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 17.

1295

Heldreich, Pflanz. d. Attisch. Ebene., p. 591; Nutzpfl. Griechenl., p. 50.

1296

Langkavel, Bot. der Spät. Griechen.

1297

Forskal, Flora Ægypto-Arabica, part i. p. 34.

1298

Nemnich, Polyg. Lexic., i. p. 1309.

1299

Piddington, Index; Pickering, Chronol. Arrang., p. 72.

1300

Heldreich, Nutzpfl., etc., p. 50.

1301

“Sativa planta et tractu temporis quasi nativa facta” (Piso, edit. 1658, p. 233).

1302

Naudin, in Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xi. p. 31.

1303

Wildenow, Species, iv. p. 615.

1304

Piddington, Index.

1305

Bot. Mag., pl. 6206.

1306

Cogniaux, in de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 499.

1307

Bretschneider, letters of Aug. 23 and 26, 1881.

1308

Theophrastus, Hist., lib. 7, cap. 4; Lenz, Bot. der Alten, p. 492.

1309

Heldreich, Nutzpfl. Griechen., p. 50.

1310

Nemnich, Polygl. Lex., i. p. 1306.

1311

Nemnich, ibid.

1312

Forskal, Fl. Ægypt., p. 76.

1313

Rosenmüller, Biblische Alterth., i. p. 97; Hamilton, Bot. de la Bible, p. 34.

1314

Descourtilz, Fl. Méd. des Antilles, v. pl. 329; Hooker, Bot. Mag., t. 5817; Cogniaux, in Fl. Brasil., fasc. 78, pl. 2.

1315

Browne, Jamaica, edit. 2, p. 353.

1316

Grisebach, Fl. of Brit. W. India Is., p. 288.

1317

Cogniaux, ubi supra.

1318

Guanerva-oba, in Piso, Brasil., edit. 1658, p. 264; Marcgraf, edit. 1648, p. 44, without illustration, calls it Cucumis sylvestris Brasiliæ.

1319

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. ii. p. 12.

1320

Darlington, Agric. Bot., p. 58.

1321

Cucurbita Pepo of Loureiro and Roxburgh.

1322

Clarke, in Fl. of Brit. Ind., ii. p. 616.

1323

Cogniaux, in de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 513.

1324

Thunberg, Fl. Jap., p. 322; Franchet and Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap., i. p. 173.

1325

Hasskarl, Catal. Horti. Bogor. Alter., p. 190; Miquel, Flora Indo-Batav.

1326

Mueller, Fragm., vi. p. 186; Forster, Prodr. (no description); Seemann, Jour. of Bot., ii. p. 50.

1327

Nadeaud, Plan. Usu. des Taitiens, Enum. des Pl. Indig. à Taiti.

1328

Bretschneider, letter of Aug. 26, 1881.

1329

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xii. p. 121.

1330

Cogniaux, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 458.

1331

Rheede, Hort. Malab., viii. p. 15, t. 8; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., iii. p. 714, as L. clavata; Kurz, Contrib., ii. p. 100; Thwaites, Enum.

1332

Mueller, Fragmenta, iii. p. 107; Bentham, Fl. Austr., iii. p. 317, under names which Naudin and Cogniaux regard as synonyms of L. cylindrica.

1333

Hooker, in Oliver, Fl. of Trop. Afr., ii. p. 530.

1334

Schweinfurth and Ascheron, Aufzählung, p. 268.

1335

Forskal, Fl. Ægypt., p. 75.

1336

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xii. p. 122; Cogniaux, in de Candolle, Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 459.

1337

Linnæus, Species, p. 1436, as Cucumis acutangulus.

1338

Rheede, Hort. Malab., viii. p. 13, t. 7.

1339

Thwaites, Enum. Ceylan, p. 126; Kurz, Contrib., ii. p. 101; Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., p. 727.

1340

Rumphius, Amboin, v. p. 408, t. 149.

1341

Clarke, in Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 614.

1342

Bojer, Hort. Maurit.

1343

Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Aufzählung, p. 268.

1344

Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 17.

1345

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xviii. p. 190.

1346

Rumphius, Amboin, v. pl. 148.

1347

Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. India Isl., p. 286.

1348

Browne, Jamaica, p. 355.

1349

Jacquin, Stirp. Amer. Hist., p. 259.

1350

Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. xviii. p. 205.

1351

In Monogr. Phanér., iii. p. 902.

1352

Seemann, Bot. of Herald, p. 128.

1353

Sagot, Journal de la Soc. d’Hortic. de France, 1872.

1354

Cogniaux, Fl. Brasil, fasc. 78.

1355

Sagot, ibid.

1356

Webb and Berthelot, Phytog. Canar., sect. 1, p. 208.

1357

Hernandez, Theo. Novæ Hisp., p. 78.

1358

Sloane, Jamaica, ii. p. 150.

1359

Chapman, Flora of Southern States, p. 144.

1360

The cactos of the Greeks was quite a different plant.

1361

Steinheil, in Boissier, Voyage Bot. en Espagne, i. p. 25.

1362

Webb and Berthelot, Phytog. Canar., vol. iii. sect. 1, p. 208.

1363

Robson, quoted in English Botany, pl. 2057

1364

Nyman, Conspectus Fl. Europeæ, p. 266; Boissier, Fl. Or., ii. p. 815.

1365

Munby, Catal., edit. 2, p. 15.

1366

Ball, Spicilegium Fl. Maroc., p. 449.

1367

Ledebour, Fl. Ross., ii. p. 194; Boissier, ubi supra.

1368

Clarke, in Hooker’s Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 410.

1369

Phillips, Account of Fruits, p. 174.

1370

Moore and More, Contrib. to the Cybele Hybernica, p. 113.

1371

Davies, Welsh Botanology, p. 24.

1372

Ledebour, Fl. Ross., ii. p. 199.

1373

Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. Amer., i. p. 150.

1374

Dodoneus, p. 748.

1375

Watson, Cybele Brit.

1376

Brebisson, Flore de Normandie, p. 99.

1377

Phillips, Account of Fruits, p. 136.

1378

Gerard, Herbal, p. 1143.

1379

That of currant is a later introduction, given from the resemblance to the grapes of Corinth (Phillips, ibid.).

1380

Legonidec, Diction. Celto-Breton.

1381

Moritzi, Dict. Inédit des Noms Vulgaires.

1382

Linnæus, Flora Suecica, n. 197.

1383

Watson, Compend. Cybele, i. p. 177; Fries, Summa Veg. Scand., p. 39; Nyman, Conspect. Fl. Europ., p. 266.

1384

Boissier, Fl. Or., ii. p. 815.

1385

Ledebour, Fl. Ross., p. 200; Maximowicz, Primitiæ Fl. Amur., p. 119; Clarke, in Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 411.

1386

Boreau, Flore du Centre de la France, edit. 3, p. 262.

1387

Bauhin, Hist. Plant., ii. p. 99.

1388

This name Cassis is curious. Littré says that it seems to have been introduced late into the language, and that he does not know its origin. I have not met with it in botanical works earlier than the middle of the seventeenth century. My manuscript collection of common names, among more than forty names for this species in different languages or dialects has not one which resembles it. Buchoz, in his Dictionnaire des Plantes, 1770, i. p. 289, calls the plant the Cassis or Cassetier des Poitevins. The old French name was Poivrier or groseillier noir. Larousse’s dictionary says that good liqueurs were made at Cassis in Provence. Can this be the origin of the name?

1389

Aitchison, Catalogue, p. 86.

1390

Lowe, Man. Fl. of Madeira, ii. p. 20; Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. des Canaries, Géog. Bot., p. 48; Ball, Spicil. Fl. Maroc., p. 565.

1391

Cosson, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, iv. p. 107, and vii. p. 31; Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumelicæ, ii. p. 71; Steven, Verzeich. der Taurisch. Halbins., p. 248; Ledebour, Fl. Ross., p. 38.

1392

Bulletin, iv. p. 107.

1393

Rosenmüller, Handbuch der Bibl. Alterth., vol. iv. p. 258; Hamilton, Bot. de la Bible, p. 80, where the passages are indicated.

1394

Fr. Lenormand, Manuel de l’Hist. Auc. de l’Orient., 1869, vol. i. p. 31.

1395

Fick, Wörterbuch, Piddington, Index, only mentions one Hindu name, julpai.

1396

Herodotus, Hist., bk. i. c. 193.

1397

Boissier, Fl. Orient., iv. p. 36.

1398

Ebn Baithar, Germ. trans., p. 569; Forskal, Plant. Egypt., p. 49.

1399

Boissier, ibid.; Steven, ibid.

1400

Unger, Die Pflanz. der Alten. Ægypt, p. 45.

1401

De Candolle, Physiol. Végét., p. 696; Pleyte, quoted by Braun and Ascherson, Sitzber. Naturfor. Ges., May 15, 1877.

1402

Hehn, Kulturpflanzen, edit. 3, p. 88, line 9.

1403

Theophrastus, Hist. Plant., lib. iv. c. 3.

1404

Kralik, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., iv. p. 108.

1405

Beitrage zur Fl. Æthiopiens, p. 281.

1406

Balansa, Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr., iv. p. 107.

1407

Moris, Fl. Sard., iii. p. 9; Bertoloni, Fl. Ital., i. p. 46.

1408

Pliny, Hist., lib. xv. cap. 1.

1409

Duveyrier, Les Touaregs du Nord (1864), p. 179.

1410

Munby, Flore de l’Algerie, p. 2; Debeaux, Catal. Boghar, p. 68.

1411

Boissier, Voyage Bot. en Espagne, edit. I, vol. ii. p. 407.

1412

Willkomm and Lange, Prod. Fl. Hispan., ii. p. 672.

1413

Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. des Canaries, Géog. Bot., pp. 47, 48.

1414

Webb and Berthelot, ibid., Ethnographie, p. 188.

1415

Seemann, Bot. of the Herald., p. 166.

1416

Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Ind. Isl., p. 398.

1417

Sloane, Jamaica, ii. p. 170; Jacquin, Amer., p. 52.

1418

Flora Brasil., vol. vii. p. 88.

1419

See the synonyms in the Flora Brasiliensis, vol. vii. p. 66.

1420

Sagot, Journ. Soc. d’Hortic. de France, 1872, p. 347.

1421

Blanco, Fl. de Filipinas, under the name Achras lucuma.

1422

Nova Genera, iii. p. 240.

1423

Dampier and Lussan, in Sloane’s Jamaica, ii. p. 172; Seemann, Botany of the Herald., p. 166.

1424

Jacquin, Amer., p. 59; Humboldt and Bonpland, Nova Genera, iii. p. 239.

1425

Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Ind., p. 399.

1426

Sloane, ubi supra.

1427

Dunal, Hist. des Solanum, p. 209.

1428

Ebn Baithar, Germ. trans., i. p. 116.

1429

Rauwolf, Flora Orient., ed. Groningue, p. 26.

1430

Dict. Fr. – Berbère, published by the French Government.

1431

Thonning, under the name S. edule; Hooker, Niger Flora, p. 473.

1432

Trans. of Linn. Soc., xvii. p. 48; Baker, Fl. of Maurit., p. 215.

1433

Bretschneider, On the Study and Value, etc., p. 17.

1434

Forster, De Plantis Escul. Insul., etc.

1435

Piddington, Index.

1436

Piddington, at the word Capsicum.

1437

Nemnich, Lexicon, gives twelve French and eight German names.

1438

Piso, p. 107; Marcgraf, p. 39.

1439

Descourtilz, Flore Médicale des Antilles, vi. pl. 423.

1440

Fingerhuth, Monographia Gen. Capsici, p. 12; Sendtner, in Flora Brasil., vol. x. p. 147.

1441

Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., edit. Wall, ii. p. 260; edit. 1832, ii. p. 574.

1442

Blume, Bijdr., ii. p. 704.

1443

Sendtner, in Fl. Bras., x. p. 143.

1444

Alph. de Candolle, Prodr., xiii. part 1, p. 26.

1445

Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., edit. 1832, vol. i. p. 565; Piddington, Index.

1446

Rumphius, Amboin, v. p. 416.

1447

Mala Peruviana, Pomi del Peru, in Bauhin’s Hist., iii. p. 621.

1448

Hughes, Barbados, p. 148.

1449

Humboldt, Espagne, edit. 2, vol. ii. p. 472.

1450

Fl. Brasil., vol. x. p. 126.

1451

The proportions of the calyx and the corolla are the same as those of the cultivated tomato, but they are different in the allied species S. Humboldtii, of which the fruit is also eaten, according to Humboldt, who found it wild in Venezuela.

1452

Ruiz and Pavon, Flor. Peruv., ii. p. 37.

1453

Spruce, n. 4143, in Boissier’s herbarium.

1454

Asa Gray, Bot. of Califor., i. p. 538.

1455

Baker, Fl. of Maurit., p. 216.

1456

Clusius, Historia, p. 2.

1457

For instance in Madeira, according to Grisebach, Fl. of Brit. W. Ind., p. 280; in Mauritius, the Seychelles and Rodriguez, according to Baker, Flora of Mauritius, p. 290.

1458

It is not in Rumphius.

1459

Aublet, Guyane, i. p. 364.

1460

Meissner, in de Candolle, Prodromus, vol. xv. part 1, p. 52; and Flora Brasil., vol. v. p. 158. For Mexico, Hernandez, p. 89; for Venezuela and Para, Nees, Laurineæ, p. 129; for Eastern Peru, Pœppig, Exsicc., seen by Meissner.

1461

P. Browne, Jamaica, p. 214; Jacquin, Obs., i. p. 38.