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Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Практикуем лексику по темам кодификатора
Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку
Практикуем лексику по темам кодификатора
Айви Вордс
© Айви Вордс, 2026
ISBN 978-5-0069-0687-7
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Предисловие
Дорогие читатели!
Я рада приветствовать вас в этом пособии, созданном специально для подготовки к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Эта книга ориентирована на школьников, которым предстоит сдавать экзамен, и имеет целью помочь вам не только успешно пройти испытания, но и углубить ваши знания языка, развить уверенность в своих силах и подготовить вас к реальным жизненным ситуациям.
В процессе работы над этой книгой я уделила особое внимание тому, чтобы все темы соответствовали актуальному кодификатору ОГЭ, а также охватывали самые важные и практичные аспекты, которые вам предстоит изучать. В этой книге вы найдете различные темы, начиная от школьной жизни и заканчивая вопросами экологии и культуры, что поможет вам быть уверенными в своей подготовке.
Каждая глава книги состоит из трех частей. Сначала вы познакомитесь с тематическим топиком, который объясняет основные аспекты той или иной темы. Затем следуют списки лексики и полезных выражений, которые помогут вам в разговоре и письме. В завершение – упражнения, которые предназначены для закрепления материала, развития навыков и проверки ваших знаний. Задания разнообразны и охватывают различные виды деятельности: от упражнений на заполнение пропусков до вопросов на развитие навыков устной речи.
Я стремилась сделать так, чтобы подготовка не была скучной и однообразной. Моя цель – помочь вам не только выполнить все задания экзамена, но и почувствовать себя уверенно, используя английский в повседневной жизни. Все темы, представленные в этой книге, связаны с реальными жизненными ситуациями, с которыми вы сталкиваетесь каждый день, что поможет вам воспринимать язык как средство для общения и самовыражения.
Уверена, что эта книга станет вам надежным помощником в процессе подготовки. Пройдя её, вы не только освоите необходимый материал, но и расширите свои горизонты, лучше понимая культуру англоязычных стран и особенности общения в них. Это поможет вам не только сдать ОГЭ, но и стать более уверенными в своем уровне английского.
Желаю вам удачи и успехов в изучении языка! Пусть эта книга станет важным шагом на пути к вашей цели.
Relationships in the Family and with Friends
1. Story
Anna is a fourteen-year-old girl who lives with her parents and her younger brother. She has a friendly family, but sometimes they have misunderstandings. Anna tries to get along well with everyone, but it is not always easy.
Her parents care about her a lot and always support her in difficult situations. They believe that family members should trust each other and help each other. Anna understands this, but she sometimes feels that her parents do not understand her problems at school.
Anna also has a best friend named Kate. They have known each other for many years and share many interests. They usually spend their free time together, talk about their feelings, and support each other. Anna believes that true friendship is based on honesty, trust, and respect.
One day Anna had an argument with her brother about household duties. She was angry and upset, but later she realized that conflicts are a normal part of family life. She decided to apologize and find a compromise. After that, the atmosphere at home became calm again.
Anna thinks that good relationships with family and friends make life happier. She believes that it is important to listen to others, forgive mistakes, and show care. In her opinion, strong relationships help people feel confident and safe.
2. Useful Phrases and Expressions
to get along well – хорошо ладить
family members – члены семьи
to care about someone – заботиться о ком-то
to support each other – поддерживать друг друга
in difficult situations – в трудных ситуациях
to trust someone – доверять кому-то
to share interests – иметь общие интересы
to spend free time together – проводить свободное время вместе
to talk about feelings – говорить о чувствах
true friendship – настоящая дружба
to be based on – основываться на
honesty and respect – честность и уважение
to have an argument – поссориться
household duties – домашние обязанности
to feel angry and upset – чувствовать злость и расстройство
to realize something – осознать что-то
a normal part of life – нормальная часть жизни
to apologize – извиниться
to find a compromise – найти компромисс
the atmosphere at home – атмосфера дома
to forgive mistakes – прощать ошибки
to show care – проявлять заботу
to feel confident and safe – чувствовать себя уверенно и безопасно
to misunderstand – неправильно понять
relationships matter – отношения имеют значение
3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Matching
Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.
to get along well
to trust someone
household duties
to apologize
to find a compromise
to support each other
true friendship
to forgive mistakes
a) прощать ошибки
b) домашние обязанности
c) доверять кому-то
d) извиниться
e) хорошо ладить
f) поддерживать друг друга
g) настоящая дружба
h) найти компромисс
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.
Box:
get along well, trust, argument, support, apologize, compromise, care about, free time
Anna tries to __________ with all her family members.
Her parents always __________ her when she has problems.
Anna believes that friends should __________ each other.
She had an __________ with her brother about household duties.
After the conflict, she decided to __________ for her behaviour.
They managed to find a __________ and solve the problem.
True friends __________ each other’s feelings.
Anna likes to spend her __________ with her best friend.
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
Answer the questions using full sentences.
Who are the people you get along with best in your family?
What qualities are important for true friendship?
How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?
Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?
How do good relationships influence a person’s life?
4. Answers
Exercise 1: Matching
1 – e
2 – c
3 – b
4 – d
5 – h
6 – f
7 – g
8 – a
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
get along well
support
trust
argument
apologize
compromise
care about
free time
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
Who are the people you get along with best in your family?
I get along best with my mother because we share similar interests and always help each other. We also talk a lot about our feelings and understand each other very well.
What qualities are important for true friendship?
I think the most important qualities for true friendship are honesty, trust, and respect. A true friend should always be there for you and never lie or betray your trust.
How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?
When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I try to talk to them calmly, listen to their point of view, and find a compromise. Apologizing if I made a mistake is also very important to me.
Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?
Yes, I believe it is very important to apologize after an argument because it shows that you care about the other person and want to resolve the issue. Apologizing helps to rebuild trust and calm the situation.
How do good relationships influence a person’s life?
Good relationships make people feel safe, confident, and happy. They provide emotional support and make it easier to deal with life’s challenges. Having strong relationships with family and friends helps to feel connected and loved.
Conflicts and Their Resolution
1. Story
Anna and Kate have been best friends for many years. They have shared many happy moments, but like any close friends, they sometimes have conflicts. The last conflict happened because Kate was late for their meeting. Anna had been waiting for her at the café for almost an hour, and she felt very frustrated. She didn’t understand why Kate didn’t call to explain that she would be late.
When Kate arrived, she immediately saw that Anna was upset. Kate apologized for being late and explained that she had a family emergency. She didn’t want to make Anna angry, but she forgot to inform her. Anna listened to Kate’s explanation, but she was still angry. She felt that Kate didn’t value their time together.
After a few minutes of silence, Anna realized that everyone makes mistakes, and she decided to forgive Kate. She told Kate that she understood and that she just needed a little time to calm down. Kate was very grateful for Anna’s understanding and promised to be more careful in the future.
They talked about the importance of communication and agreed that in the future, if one of them is going to be late, they will let the other know. This small agreement helped them avoid misunderstandings in the future and made their friendship even stronger.
2. Useful Phrases and Expressions
to have a conflict – иметь конфликт
to be frustrated – быть расстроенным
to be late – опоздать
to apologize – извиняться
to explain something – объяснять что-то
to feel upset – чувствовать себя расстроенным
to listen to someone – слушать кого-то
to be angry – злиться
to make a mistake – ошибаться
to forgive someone – простить кого-то
to value time – ценить время
to calm down – успокоиться
to understand someone – понять кого-то
to be grateful – быть благодарным
to promise – пообещать
to be careful – быть внимательным
to avoid misunderstandings – избегать недоразумений
to agree on something – договориться о чём-то
to strengthen a relationship – укрепить отношения
to communicate – общаться
to let someone know – сообщить кому-то
3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Matching
Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.
to have a conflict
to apologize
to be frustrated
to forgive someone
to make a mistake
to value time
to calm down
to avoid misunderstandings
a) извиняться
b) простить кого-то
c) ошибаться
d) ценить время
e) успокоиться
f) избежать недоразумений
g) быть расстроенным
h) иметь конфликт
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.
Box:
conflict, apologize, understand, make a mistake, frustrated, forgive, calm down, promise
Kate wanted to __________ for being late and explain why she didn’t call.
Anna felt __________ because she had been waiting for a long time.
After a few minutes, Anna decided to __________ Kate for being late.
Sometimes we all __________ and don’t do what we mean to do.
It is important to __________ each other when we make mistakes.
Anna needed a few minutes to __________ before they could talk.
They decided to __________ not to repeat the same mistake again.
It is easy to have a __________ with someone, but it is also important to resolve it.
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
Answer the questions using full sentences.
How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?
What is the best way to resolve a conflict?
How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?
Why is it important to communicate in relationships?
Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?
4. Answers
Exercise 1: Matching
1 – h
2 – a
3 – g
4 – b
5 – c
6 – d
7 – e
8 – f
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
apologize
frustrated
forgive
make a mistake
understand
calm down
promise
conflict
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?
When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I usually feel upset and frustrated. I sometimes feel misunderstood, but I try to talk it through and resolve the issue.
What is the best way to resolve a conflict?
The best way to resolve a conflict is to communicate openly, listen to the other person’s point of view, and try to find a compromise. Apologizing if necessary and forgiving each other is also important.
How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?
When someone apologizes to me, I feel relieved and appreciated. It helps me understand that they care and want to resolve the issue. I feel that the relationship is stronger after an apology.
Why is it important to communicate in relationships?
Communication is important in relationships because it helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. It allows people to express their feelings, needs, and opinions, making the relationship stronger and healthier.
Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?
Yes, I had a conflict with my friend because we misunderstood each other’s intentions. We both apologized and talked about what happened. After that, we understood each other better, and our friendship became even stronger.
Family Holidays
1. Story
Every year, Anna and her family celebrate Christmas together. It is one of the most important family holidays for them. They always decorate their home with beautiful Christmas lights and a big Christmas tree. Anna loves this time of year because the house is full of warmth and happiness.
On Christmas Eve, the family gathers around the table to have dinner together. They eat traditional food, such as turkey, mashed potatoes, and Christmas pudding. After dinner, they exchange gifts. Anna is always excited about this part of the evening, as she enjoys giving presents to her family members.
This year, Anna decided to make a homemade gift for her parents. She spent hours creating a photo album with pictures from their family trips and special moments. Her parents were very touched by the gift, and Anna felt happy to see their smiles.
After exchanging gifts, the family sits down to watch Christmas movies. They love spending time together, talking, and laughing. Anna’s younger brother, Max, enjoys this time the most because he always feels safe and loved during the holiday season.
Family holidays like Christmas bring Anna’s family closer. They remind her of the importance of love, care, and spending time with the people who matter most. Anna believes that family celebrations create beautiful memories that last forever.
2. Useful Phrases and Expressions
family holiday – семейный праздник
to celebrate – праздновать
Christmas Eve – канун Рождества
to decorate the house – украшать дом
Christmas tree – рождественская ёлка
to exchange gifts – обмениваться подарками
to have dinner together – ужинать вместе
traditional food – традиционная еда
turkey – индейка
mashed potatoes – картофельное пюре
Christmas pudding – рождественский пудинг
homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками
to create a gift – создать подарок
a photo album – фотоальбом
to be touched – быть тронутым
to feel safe and loved – чувствовать себя в безопасности и любимым
to remind someone of something – напоминать кому-то о чём-то
to bring a family closer – сближать семью
beautiful memories – красивые воспоминания
to last forever – оставаться навсегда
3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Matching
Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.
family holiday
to exchange gifts
to decorate the house
traditional food
homemade gift
to create a gift
a photo album
beautiful memories
a) рождественская ёлка
b) подарки, сделанные своими руками
c) семейный праздник
d) обмениваться подарками
e) традиционная еда
f) фотоальбом
g) украшать дом
h) красивые воспоминания
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.
Box:
family holiday, Christmas tree, to decorate, homemade gift, exchange gifts, turkey, mashed potatoes, photo album, to create, traditional food
Every year, we celebrate Christmas as a big __________.
We always __________ the house with lights and a beautiful __________.
My family loves to eat __________ and __________ for Christmas dinner.
This year, I decided to make a __________ for my parents. I spent a lot of time working on it.
After dinner, we usually __________ and open presents.
I made a __________ with photos of our family trips last summer.
We all love spending time together and making __________ that will last forever.
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
Answer the questions using full sentences.
What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?
Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?
What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?
How do family holidays make you feel?
Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?
4. Answers
Exercise 1: Matching
1 – c
2 – d
3 – g
4 – e
5 – b
6 – h
7 – f
8 – h
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
family holiday
decorate, Christmas tree
turkey, mashed potatoes
homemade gift
exchange gifts
photo album
beautiful memories
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?
My favorite family holiday is New Year’s Eve. We usually celebrate by having a big dinner, watching fireworks, and exchanging gifts. It’s a very joyful and exciting time for our family.
Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?
Yes, I enjoy giving homemade gifts because they feel more personal and meaningful. I like the idea of creating something special for my family that shows how much I care about them.
What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?
During the holidays, we always eat traditional dishes like roast chicken, mashed potatoes, and salad. For dessert, we often have cake or pie.
How do family holidays make you feel?
Family holidays make me feel happy, loved, and safe. It’s a time to relax and enjoy being with the people I care about most.
Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?
Yes, it is very important to spend time with family during holidays because it helps to strengthen our relationships. It’s a chance to make memories and show each other how much we appreciate each other.
Family Traditions
1. Story
In Anna’s family, there are several important traditions that they follow every year. One of the most cherished traditions is having a family dinner on New Year’s Eve. Every year, the whole family gathers at her grandparents’ house to celebrate together. They prepare a big meal, and everyone brings something special to share. Anna’s grandmother always makes her famous apple pie, and her father prepares his signature salad. The family enjoys eating together, talking, and laughing. After dinner, they sit around the fireplace, tell stories, and watch the New Year’s fireworks on TV.
Another tradition is celebrating each family member’s birthday in a special way. On her birthday, Anna always receives a handmade card from her mother. Her father often writes a poem for her, and they all have a small celebration with cake and gifts. Anna looks forward to this every year, as it is a tradition that makes her feel loved and appreciated.
Anna’s family also has a tradition of volunteering together during the holidays. Every Christmas, they visit a local charity to help prepare food packages for people in need. Anna and her brother enjoy this activity because it helps them feel connected to the community and teaches them the value of giving.
Family traditions like these are very important to Anna. They bring her family closer and create wonderful memories. She believes that traditions are an essential part of family life because they help to strengthen bonds, show love, and keep the family united.
2. Useful Phrases and Expressions
family tradition – семейная традиция
to gather together – собираться вместе
to prepare a big meal – готовить большой ужин
to bring something special – принести что-то особенное
a homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками
to celebrate someone’s birthday – праздновать чей-то день рождения
a handmade card – открытка, сделанная своими руками
to write a poem – писать стихотворение
to have a small celebration – устраивать небольшое празднование
to volunteer – волонтёрить
to help prepare food packages – помогать готовить пакеты с едой
to feel connected to the community – чувствовать связь с сообществом
to teach the value of giving – учить ценности даяния
to make someone feel loved and appreciated – заставить кого-то чувствовать себя любимым и ценимым
to strengthen bonds – укреплять связи
to create wonderful memories – создавать чудесные воспоминания
to keep the family united – сохранять единство семьи
3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Matching
Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.
family tradition
to gather together
to prepare a big meal
a handmade card
to volunteer
to have a small celebration
to feel connected to the community
to create wonderful memories
a) быть волонтером
b) праздновать чей-то день рождения
c) семейная традиция
d) чувствовать связь с сообществом
e) собираться вместе
f) готовить большой ужин
g) открытка, сделанная своими руками
h) создавать чудесные воспоминания
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.
Box:
