Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Практикуем лексику по темам кодификатора

Box:

to be generous, to have a good sense of humor, to be selfish, to be responsible, to be loyal, to be irritable, to be optimistic, to be caring, to have a short temper

Sarah is always there for her friends; she is very __________ and will drop everything to help them.

Paul tends to react quickly when things don’t go his way. He __________ when he is frustrated.

James is always ready to help others, and he is known for being __________ with his time and money.

Maria tries to stay positive no matter the situation. She is very __________.

Anna is always ready to take charge of a situation. She is very __________ and can always be counted on.

Tom can be very __________, especially when he’s hungry or tired.

Mark has a great sense of humor, and his friends love him for it. He __________ and can make anyone laugh.

Linda never gives up on her friends. She is very __________ and will always support them no matter what.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe a person who is always ready to help others?

Why is being loyal an important trait for a person?

What are some positive traits that make a person pleasant to be around?

How can negative traits like being irritable or selfish affect relationships?

Can a person be a mix of both positive and negative traits? Give an example.

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – a

2 – b

3 – c

4 – d

5 – e

6 – f

7 – g

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

caring

has a short temper

generous

optimistic

responsible

irritable

has a good sense of humor

loyal

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe a person who is always ready to help others?

A person who is always ready to help others is often described as caring, generous, and supportive. They are selfless and willing to sacrifice their own time and resources to help those in need.

Why is being loyal an important trait for a person?

Loyalty is important because it creates trust and strong, lasting relationships. A loyal person is reliable and dependable, and others can count on them in times of need or difficulty.

What are some positive traits that make a person pleasant to be around?

Positive traits like kindness, honesty, friendliness, optimism, and a good sense of humor make a person pleasant to be around. These traits help build positive connections with others and make interactions enjoyable.

How can negative traits like being irritable or selfish affect relationships?

Negative traits like irritability or selfishness can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings in relationships. An irritable person might snap at others, causing tension, while a selfish person may neglect the needs of others, leading to feelings of frustration and resentment.

Can a person be a mix of both positive and negative traits? Give an example.

Yes, a person can have both positive and negative traits. For example, someone might be generally kind and helpful but also stubborn at times. Their kindness may make them a good friend, but their stubbornness could cause problems when they refuse to listen to advice.

Describing the Character of Eugene Onegin

1. Story

Eugene Onegin, the protagonist of Alexander Pushkin’s novel in verse Eugene Onegin, is often regarded as one of the most complex characters in Russian literature. He is a young man who, despite his external attractiveness, wealth, and education, struggles with inner dissatisfaction and a sense of purposelessness.

At first glance, Onegin appears to be the ideal romantic hero: handsome, educated, and a gentleman by social standards. However, his personality reveals a deeper, more conflicted nature. He is cold, indifferent, and often bored by the world around him. Onegin is cynical and disillusioned with society, finding little joy in the people he meets or the things he does.

Despite his initial charm and grace, Onegin’s character shows a lack of real passion or interest in life. He is described as apathetic and alienated, preferring to engage in superficial activities rather than developing deep emotional connections. His apathy becomes especially clear when he rejects the love of Tatiana, a kind, sincere girl who falls deeply in love with him. Instead of appreciating her feelings, Onegin mocks her, thinking of her affection as naive and misplaced. This decision sets off a chain of events that ultimately leads to Onegin’s own downfall.

Onegin’s character is also marked by his pride and arrogance. He believes himself to be above the common people and is dismissive of their values. His pride prevents him from forming genuine relationships and blinds him to the importance of emotional connections. His sense of superiority also contributes to his failure to recognize his own flaws until it is too late.

However, despite his many flaws, Onegin is not entirely devoid of redeeming qualities. He is intelligent, charming, and capable of deep reflection. Over time, Onegin begins to understand the consequences of his actions and regrets how he treated those who cared for him. This recognition of his own faults, as well as his growing loneliness, is one of the key developments in his character arc.

In the end, Onegin’s tragic flaw is his inability to connect emotionally with the people around him, leading him to squander opportunities for happiness. His journey reflects the conflict between the romantic ideal and the harsh realities of life, making him a timeless and relatable character.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be indifferent – быть равнодушным

to be cynical – быть циничным

to be disillusioned – быть разочарованным

to be apathetic – быть апатичным

to be alienated – быть отчужденным

to be cold-hearted – быть холодным

to be proud – быть гордым

to be arrogant – быть высокомерным

to be superficial – быть поверхностным

to reject someone’s love – отвергать чью-то любовь

to be emotionally distant – быть эмоционально отчужденным

to be lonely – быть одиноким

to have a sense of superiority – иметь чувство превосходства

to have deep reflection – иметь глубокие размышления

to recognize one’s mistakes – признать свои ошибки

to be capable of change – быть способным измениться

to have a tragic flaw – иметь трагический недостаток

to reflect on one’s actions – размышлять о своих поступках

to be introspective – быть самоанализирующим

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to be emotionally distant

to be apathetic

to recognize one’s mistakes

to be lonely

to be arrogant

to reject someone’s love

to be introspective

to have a sense of superiority

a) быть одиноким

b) быть высокомерным

c) отвергать чью-то любовь

d) быть апатичным

e) признать свои ошибки

f) быть эмоционально отчужденным

g) быть самоанализирующим

h) иметь чувство превосходства

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be proud, to be cynical, to have deep reflection, to be lonely, to be emotionally distant, to recognize one’s mistakes, to reject someone’s love, to be arrogant, to be apathetic

Onegin often felt __________ because he could not find any joy in his interactions with others.

His __________ attitude towards life made him reject the sincere love of Tatiana.

Over time, Onegin began __________ about his past actions and realized that he had made some serious mistakes.

Despite his intelligence, Onegin was often __________, preferring to remain detached and uninterested in those around him.

His __________ prevented him from ever truly connecting with others or building lasting relationships.

Onegin’s __________ led to his downfall, as he lost the chance to be happy with Tatiana.

He was often __________, thinking that he was better than everyone else.

Onegin’s __________ caused him to ignore the feelings of others, leading to many missed opportunities.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe Eugene Onegin’s personality?

What are some of the flaws in Onegin’s character? How do they affect his life?

Why does Onegin reject Tatiana’s love? How does this decision impact him later on?

Do you think Onegin is capable of change? Why or why not?

In your opinion, what is Onegin’s most tragic flaw?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – f

2 – d

3 – e

4 – a

5 – b

6 – c

7 – g

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

lonely

cynical

deep reflection

emotionally distant

apathetic

to reject someone’s love

arrogant

to recognize one’s mistakes

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe Eugene Onegin’s personality?

Eugene Onegin is a complex and conflicted character. He is intelligent, charming, and educated, but he is also emotionally distant, arrogant, and cynical. He lacks passion for life and is often bored and disillusioned by the world around him.

What are some of the flaws in Onegin’s character? How do they affect his life?

Onegin’s main flaws are his emotional distance, arrogance, and cynicism. These traits cause him to reject genuine love and relationships, leaving him isolated and ultimately lonely. His pride and lack of empathy prevent him from connecting with others, leading to missed opportunities for happiness.

Why does Onegin reject Tatiana’s love? How does this decision impact him later on?

Onegin rejects Tatiana’s love because he believes she is naive and unworthy of his attention. He is uninterested in deep emotional connections and sees her feelings as childish. Later, when Onegin realizes that he truly loves Tatiana, it is too late, and she is already married to someone else.

Do you think Onegin is capable of change? Why or why not?

Onegin is capable of change, as we see towards the end of the novel. He begins to recognize his mistakes and regrets his treatment of others, particularly Tatiana. However, his emotional growth comes too late to undo the damage he has done.

In your opinion, what is Onegin’s most tragic flaw?

Onegin’s most tragic flaw is his inability to form deep emotional connections with others. His pride and cynicism prevent him from recognizing the value of love and friendship until it is too late, leading to his ultimate loneliness and regret.

Leisure and Hobbies of Modern Teenagers

1. Story

Max is a typical modern teenager. Like most of his friends, he spends a lot of time online, but he also enjoys some offline activities. Max is passionate about video games. Every day after school, he plays his favorite games for a couple of hours. His favorite games are strategy games because they require him to think and plan ahead. Sometimes, he even competes in online tournaments. He is proud of his skills and loves talking about his gaming achievements with his friends.

Apart from gaming, Max has another hobby – photography. He likes to capture beautiful moments in nature, like sunsets or scenes from the park. On weekends, he often takes his camera and goes for walks, trying to take interesting shots. Max enjoys experimenting with different angles and lighting, and he dreams of becoming a professional photographer one day.

Max also loves to watch movies. He is a big fan of action films and science fiction, but recently, he has started watching documentaries too. He finds them interesting because they help him learn about the world and understand complex topics. Sometimes he talks about the films he has seen with his friends, and they share their thoughts about them.

In addition to these hobbies, Max likes to stay active. He enjoys playing basketball with his friends at school. It’s not just about the sport; he also enjoys the social aspect of it. They often play after school, and it’s a great way for Max to stay fit and have fun with his friends.

While Max has many different hobbies, he knows how to balance his time. He spends enough time playing games, but he also makes sure to spend time outdoors, meet with friends, and learn new things. Max believes that having a variety of interests makes his life more exciting and helps him grow as a person.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be passionate about something – увлекаться чем-то

to spend time doing something – проводить время за чем-то

to compete in tournaments – участвовать в турнирах

to be proud of something – гордиться чем-то

to capture moments – запечатлеть моменты

to experiment with something – экспериментировать с чем-то