Ancient Man in Britain

1

Book of Llan Daf.

2

Dr. Hugh Cameron Gillies in Home Life of the Highlanders, Glasgow, 1911, pp. 85 et seq.

3

A pestle or stone was used to pound grain in hollowed slabs or rocks before the mechanical mill was invented.

4

Primitive Man.

5

Men of the Old Stone Age (1916), pp. 240-1.

6

British Museum—A Guide to the Antiquities of the Stone Age, p. 76 (1900).

7

Miller had adopted the "stratification theory" of Professor William Robertson of Edinburgh University, who, in his The History of America (1777), wrote: "Men in their savage state pass their days like the animals round them, without knowledge or veneration of any superior power".

8

Custom and Myth (1910 edition), p. 13. Lang's views regarding flints are worthless.

9

The last division of the Tertiary period.

10

It must be borne in mind that the lengths of these periods are subject to revision. Opinion is growing that they were not nearly so long as here stated.

11

Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. XLIII, 1913.

12

For principal references see The Races of Europe, W. Z. Ripley, pp. 172 et seq., and The Anthropological History of Europe, John Beddoe (Rhind lectures for 1891; revised edition, 1912), p. 47.

13

That is, the tall representatives of the Crô-Magnon races.

14

Men of the Old Stone Age, pp. 335-6.

15

Myths of the New World, p. 163.

16

Cults of the Greek States, Vol. V. p. 243.

17

Budge, Gods of the Egyptians. Vol. I, p. 203.

18

De Groot, The Religious System of China, Book I, pp. 216-7.

19

Ibid., Book I, pp. 28 and 332.

20

I am indebted to the Abbé Breuil for this information which he gave me during the course of a conversation.

21

Budge, Gods of the Egyptians, Vol. I, p. 358. These scarabs have not been found in the early Dynastic graves. Green malachite charms, however, were used in even the pre-Dynastic period.

22

The Myths of the New World, p. 294. According to Bancroft the green stones were often placed in the mouths of the dead.

23

Laufer, Jade, pp. 294 et seq. (Chicago, 1912).

24

Men of the Old Stone Age, pp. 297-8.

25

Primitive Man (Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. VII).

26

Les Grottes de Grimaldi (Baousse-Rousse), Tome I, fasc. II—Géologie et Paléontologie (Monaco, 1906), p. 123.

27

Prehistoric Britain, pp. 142-3.

28

London, 1917.

29

Shells as Evidence of the Migrations of Early Culture, pp. 84-91.

30

G. A. Reisner. Early Dynastic Cemeteries of Naga-ed-Der, Vol. I, 1908, Plates 6 and 7.

31

Jackson's Shells, pp. 128, 174, 176, 178.

32

Dr. Alexander Carmichael, Carmina Gadeiica, Vol. II, pp.247 et seq. Mr. Wilfrid Jackson, author of Shells as Evidence of the Migrations of Early Culture, tells me that the "blue-eyed limpet" is our common limpet—Patella vulgata—the Lepas, Patelle, Jambe, Œil de boue, Bernicle, or Flie of the French. In Cornwall it is the "Crogan", the "Bornigan", and the "Brennick". It is "flither" of the English, "flia" of the Faroese, and "lapa" of the Portuguese. A Cornish giant was once, according to a folk-tale, set to perform the hopeless task of emptying a pool with a single limpet which had a hole in it. Limpets are found in early British graves and in the "kitchen middens". They are met with in abundance in cromlechs, on the Channel Isles and in Brittany, covering the bones and the skulls of the dead. Mr. Jackson thinks they were used like cowries for vitalizing and protecting the dead.

33

Breasted, Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, p. 130.

34

Hamlet, V. i.

35

Men of the Old Stone Age, pp.304-5.

36

A Red Sea cowry shell (Cyprœa minor) found on the site of Hurstbourne station (L. & S. W. Railway, main line) in Hampshire, was associated with "Early Iron Age" artifacts. (Paper read by J. R. le B. Tomlin at meeting of Linnæan Society, June 14, 1921.)

37

For references see my Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe, pp.30-31.

38

Notes to Thalaba, Book V, Canto 36.

39

Henry V, V, iii, 6.

40

For other examples see Mr. Legge's article in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, 1899. p. 310.