Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840

BILZ, Fräulein Margarete von (1792-1875). At first piano mistress to Princess Marie of Baden (afterwards Lady Hamilton), and then Lady of Honour to the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.

BINZER, Frau von (1801-1891). Née von Gerschau. She married, in 1822, Herr von Binzer, a German man of letters.

BIRON, Henri, Marquis de (1803-1883). He married Mlle. de Mun, sister of the Marquis de Mun, who bore him no children. Left a widower at an early age, he then lived with his brother, the Comte Etienne de Biron.

BIRON-COURLANDE, Prince Charles of. Born in 1811. He married, in 1833, a Countess of Lippe-Biesterfeld.

BIRON-COURLANDE, the Princess Fanny of (1815-1883). Sister of the Countess of Hohenthal and of Madame de Lazareff. Princess Fanny married General von Boyen.

BJOERNSTJERNA, Countess of (1797-1865). Elizabeth Charlotte, daughter of the Field-Marshal, the Count of Stedingk, Swedish Ambassador in Russia, and sister of the Countess Ugglas. She married, in 1815, the Baron of Bjoernstjerna, appointed Swedish Minister at London in 1828. He died in 1847.

BLITTERSDORFF, Baron Frederick of (1792-1861). A statesman in Baden. He was Diplomatic Minister at St. Petersburg in 1816, and Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary Envoy to the Germanic Confederation in 1821, Minister of Foreign Affairs at Carlsruhe in 1835. In 1848 he retired from politics. He had married Mlle. Brentano.

BONALD, the Vicomte de (1754-1840). The most famous representative of the monarchical and religious doctrines of the Restoration. He became an émigré in 1791, and returned to France when the Empire was proclaimed; from 1815 to 1822 he was a Deputy, and became Peer of France in 1823, and afterwards member of the French Academy. He laboured incessantly with pen and sword to support the throne and the altar, and thus contributed to the return of religious ideas to France.

BONAPARTE, Madame Lætitia (1750-1836). Lætitia Ramolino, of an Italian family, was married at the age of sixteen to Charles Bonaparte, by whom she had thirteen children. Napoleon I. was her second son. In 1814, after the fall of the Empire, she retired to Rome, where she lived in seclusion.

BONAPARTE, Joseph (1768-1844). Elder brother of Napoleon I., Joseph Bonaparte married, at Marseilles in 1794, the daughter of a merchant, sister of the wife of Bernadotte, Marie Julie Clary. He shared in the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire, and several times governed France in the absence of Napoleon. In 1806 he was appointed King of Naples and transferred to the throne of Spain in 1808, which he lost in 1813; after the downfall of the Empire he withdrew, first to the United States, and then to Florence, where he died.

BONAPARTE, Jérôme* (1784-1860). Youngest brother of Napoleon I.

BONAPARTE, Lucien* (1775-1840). Third brother of Napoleon I.

BONAPARTE, Prince Louis (1808-1873). Son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, and of Hortense de Beauharnais. Prince Louis had an adventurous youth: in 1836, at Strasburg, and in 1840, at Boulogne, he attempted to overthrow Louis-Philippe, and to restore the Empire for his own purposes. Condemned to perpetual confinement, he was imprisoned at Ham; thence he escaped, fled to Belgium, and returned to France after the revolution of 1848. He was elected President of the Republic on November 16 of the same year. Four years later the Empire was proclaimed, and Prince Louis reigned till 1870 under the name of Napoleon III.

BORDEAUX, the Duc de* (1820-1883). Son of the Duc de Berry and grandson of King Charles X. He afterwards took the title of Comte de Chambord.

BOSSUET, Jacques Bénigne (1627-1704). Of a magistrate's family, he was brought up among the Jesuits and received Holy Orders in 1652. He was Bishop of Condom in 1669 and then Bishop of Meaux. In 1670 he was appointed tutor to the Dauphin of France, and composed for that prince several educational works (Discourses upon Universal History, &c.) and showed himself a zealous defender of French liberty.

BOURDOIS DE LA MOTTE, Edme Joachim (1754-1830). A doctor at the Hospital of La Charity in Paris, he was detained at La Force during the revolutionary disturbances and then followed the army of Italy. In 1811 he was appointed Court doctor at Rome and was also attached to the Court under the Restoration. He became member of the Academy of Medicine in 1820.

BOURLIER, Comte (1731-1821). He studied theology at Saint Sulpice, was appointed Bishop of Evreux in 1802 and entrusted by Napoleon I. with several confidential missions to the Pope. He was made peer of France by Louis XVIII. in 1814.

BOURLON DE SARTY, Paul de. He was Prefect of Marne and had married Mlle. Adrienne de Vandœuvre.

BOURQUENEY, Baron, afterwards Comte de* (1800-1869). French diplomatist.

BRESSON, Comte Charles* (1788-1847). French diplomatist.

BRETZENHEIM VON REGÉCZ (the Princess of). Born in 1806, Caroline, daughter of Prince Joseph of Schwarzenberg, married Prince Ferdinand of Bretzenheim, Chamberlain to the Austrian Court.

BRÉZÉ, Marquis de Dreux – (1793-1846). An officer who shared in the last campaigns of the Empire. As aide-de-camp to Marshal Soult at the Restoration, he followed the king to Ghent; in 1827 he retired and became peer of France after his father's death in 1829. In the Upper Chamber he was one of the most ardent leaders of the Legitimist party against the government of Louis-Philippe.

BRETONNEAU, Dr. Pierre* (1778-1862). A doctor at Tours.

BRIGNOLE, Marchesa of. Née Anna Pieri, of a noble family of Sienna. She was the mother of the Marquis of Brignole, for a long time Sardinian Ambassador at Paris and of the Duchess of Dalberg. She died in 1815 during the Congress, at Vienna, whither she had accompanied the Empress Marie Louise.

BRIGODE, Baron de (1775-1854). He entered the Council of State as auditor in 1803 and was deputy in the legislative body in 1805. In 1837 he was appointed peer of France. After the Revolution of 1848 he retired to private life.

BROGLIE, Duc Victor de* (1785-1870). French Statesman.

BROGLIE, Duchesse de* (1797-1840). Née Albertine de Staël.

BROGLIE (Mlle. Louise de). Born in 1818; married in 1836 the Comte d'Haussonville.

BROSSES, Charles de (1709-1777). A Frenchman and a learned man of letters; the author of a work on Italy which was very successful.

BROUGHAM, Lord* (1778-1868). English statesman.

BÜLOW, Baron Heinrich von* (1790-1846). Prussian Diplomatist.

BÜLOW, Frau von (1802-1889). Daughter of Wilhelm von Humboldt and wife of Baron Heinrich von Bülow, with whom she resided in London from 1830 to 1834.

BULWER, Sir Henry (1804-1872). English diplomatist. First attached to the legations of Berlin, Vienna and the Hague and constantly resident in Paris. From 1843 to 1848 he was Minister Plenipotentiary in Spain. After marrying the youngest of the daughters of Lord Cowley he represented his country in the United States, in Tuscany and at Constantinople in 1858.

BUOL-SCHAUENSTEIN, Count (1797-1865). Austrian diplomatist at Florence in 1816, at Paris in 1822, at London in 1824; then Minister at Carlsruhe, at Darmstadt in 1831, at Stuttgart in 1838, at Turin in 1848, and finally at St. Petersburg. He became Privy Councillor and accompanied in 1851 the Prince of Schwarzenberg to the conference of Dresden. In 1852 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. He resigned in 1859.

BUOL, Countess (1809-1862). Princess Caroline of Isenburg married in 1829 Count Buol. From her mother, née Baroness of Herding, she inherited an enormous fortune.

BURGUNDY, the Duchess of (1685-1712). Marie Adelaide, daughter of Victor Amadaus, first King of Sardinia, a great favourite at the Court of France. This princess died in the flower of her youth, six days before her husband and, like him, of the measles. She had several children, one of whom survived and became Louis XV.

BUSSIÈRE, Jules Edmond de (1804-1888). Diplomatist, Chargé d'affaires at Darmstadt and then at Dresden. Louis-Philippe raised him to the peerage in 1841. In 1848 he retired to private life.

BYRON, George Gordon, Lord* (1788-1824). Famous English romantic poet.

C

CALATRAVA, Don José Maria (1781-1846). Spanish statesman and defender of the liberty of his country. Deported in 1814, he was unable to return to Spain until the Constitution was re-established in 1820. As Minister of Justice in 1823 he was obliged to take ship for England during the period of the French occupation. In 1830 he joined the Junta in power at Bayonne. In opposition to Martinez de la Rosa, he joined the National Guard of Madrid in 1835. When the Queen had taken the oath to observe the Constitution, the chief power returned to his hands, and after many proofs of his incapacity he was made a Senator.

CAMPAN, Mme.* (1752-1822). Famous in the history of French Education.

CANOVA, Antonio* (1757-1822). Celebrated Italian sculptor.

CAPUA, Prince of (1811-1862). Charles Ferdinand, brother of King Ferdinand of Naples. He had been suspected of participation in intrigues against the dynasty and was exiled. He contracted a morganatic marriage in England with Miss Penelope Smith by whom he had two children who were not recognised by the Royal Family of Naples. After 1860 he obtained from Victor Emanuel an appanage which was afterwards confirmed to his widow and her children during their life.

CAPRARA, Cardinal J. B. (1733-1810). Bishop of Iesi; he performed several diplomatic missions with success and was appointed by Pope Pius VII. as legate a latere to the French Government, and while occupying this position he concluded the concordat of 1801. He was appointed Archbishop of Milan and in this town crowned Napoleon as King of Italy.

CARADOC, Sir John Hobart (1799-1873). Afterwards Lord Howden. Colonel in the English Army and English Minister at Rio de Janeiro and at Madrid.

CARAMAN, Marquise de. Césarine Gallard de Béarn married the Marquis Victor de Caraman and was left a widow in 1836.

CARIGNAN, Prince Eugène de (1816-1888). Son of the Baron of Villefranche and of Mlle. de la Vauguyon. The King of Sardinia, Charles Albert, recognised him as a prince of the blood. He was an Admiral in the Sardinian Navy and Regent of the kingdom during the wars of 1859 and 1866. By a morganatic marriage he had several children to whom King Humbert gave the title of Counts of Villefranche Soissons, though he recognised no kind of tie with the house of Savoy.

CARIGNAN, Philiberte de (1814-1874). Daughter of the Prince de Villefranche of the House of Carignan, by his marriage with Mlle. de la Vauguyon.

CARLOTTA, The Infanta* (1804-1844). Sister of Queen Christina of Spain.

CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Prince Heinrich von (1783-1864). Cavalry general in the Prussian army and chief huntsman to the Court. His first wife was a Countess Pappenheim, by whom he had two daughters, and his second wife was his cousin, the Countess Firks, by whom he had no children.

CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Adelaide (1797-1849). Daughter of the Count of Pappenheim, Lieutenant-General of Bavaria. She married in 1817 Prince Heinrich Carolath.

CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Lucia. Born in 1822. Eldest daughter of Prince Heinrich Carolath. She married the Count of Haugwitz and became a widow in 1888.

CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Adelaide. Born in 1823. Youngest daughter of Prince Heinrich Carolath.

CAROLATH-SAABOR, Prince Friedrich von (1790-1859). Major in the Prussian army and Councillor at Grünberg, Silesia. He had married the daughter of Prince Heinrich XLIV. Reuss.

CAROLINE, Maria (1752-1814). Queen of Naples. Daughter of the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. This Princess married Ferdinand IV., King of Naples in 1768. Her influence induced him to declare war upon the French Republic, and she brought down upon him the vengeance of Napoleon I. Driven from her States, Queen Caroline withdrew to Austria and died at Schönbrunn. She was the mother of Queen Marie Amélie.

CAROLINE, the Empress (1803-1884). Princess Caroline of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emanuel I. and twin sister of the Duchess of Lucca. She married in 1831 Ferdinand II., Emperor of Austria.

CARRACI, Annibale* (1560-1609). Famous Italian painter.

CARREL, Armand* (1800-1836). French publicist.

CASANOVA DE SEINGALT (1725-1803). Famous adventurer of the eighteenth century and the son of actors. He was by turn a journalist, a preacher, and, in particular, a lady-killer. He was intimate with Rousseau, Voltaire, Souvaroff, Frederick the Great, and Catherine II. In distress and pecuniary want he followed Count Waldstein-Dux to Bohemia to become his librarian. At Dux he composed his memoirs, an unrepentant confession of his life, and a more lively than moral picture of society.

CASTELLANE, the Comtesse de* (1796-1847). Cordélia Greffulhe. Married in 1813 to the Comte de Castellane, afterwards Marshal of France.

CASTELLANE, the Marquis Henri de (1814-1847). Eldest son of the Marshal de Castellane; auditor to the Council of State, and Councillor-General of Cantal. He was appointed Deputy in 1844. In 1839 he married Mlle. Pauline de Périgord, grand-niece of the Prince de Talleyrand and daughter of the Duchesse de Dino, author of these memoirs.

CÆSAR, Julius (101-40 B.C.). A famous Roman General, celebrated for his conquest of Gaul.

CHABOT, Philippe de (1815-1875). Ph. de Chabot, Comte de Jarnac, followed a diplomatic career and retained throughout his life a profound attachment for the House of Orléans. He had been appointed French Ambassador at London in 1874, but died shortly after of pleurisy.

CHABROL DE CROUSOL, Comte de (1771-1831). Member of the Council of State under Napoleon I.; President of the Imperial Court of Orleans and Prefect of the Rhone in 1814; Director of registration and State lands in 1822; Naval Minister in 1823 and Finance Minister in 1829.

CHALAIS, the Prince de (1809-1883). Elie Louis Roger, eldest son of the Duc de Périgord. He married Elodie de Beauvilliers de Saint-Aignan, and was left a widower in 1835.

CHAMPCHEVRIER, Madame de. A highly respected lady who occupied the mansion of Champchevrier near Cinq-Mars in Touraine about 1840, when she was well advanced in years.

CHARLES THEODORE (1724-1799). Elector of Bavaria. He did not care for Munich and settled at Mannheim. A statue was erected to him at Heidelberg.

CHARLES IV (1316-1378). Emperor of Germany. Son of John of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia. He succeeded his father in 1346, and was elected Emperor in 1347. In 1356 he published the famous "Golden Bull," which laid down the Constitution of the Empire and remained authoritative until 1806. He was the first Prince of Germany who sold titles of nobility. He founded the Universities of Prague and Vienna.

CHARLES X.* (1757-1836). King of France from 1824 to 1830.

CHARLOTTE, Queen (1744-1818). Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Married in 1761 King George III. of England, by whom she had a very large number of children.

CHASTELLUX, Madame de, née Zéphyrine de Damas. She married as her first husband M. de Vogüé.

CHATEAUBRIAND, the Vicomte de* (1768-1848). French man of letters.

CHOISEUL PRASLIN, The Comtesse de. Born in 1782. Second wife of the Comte René de Choiseul Praslin, daughter of François de Rougé, Comte du Plessis Bellière.

CHOMEL, Dr. (1788-1859). A French doctor, and the first to establish a proper clinical school at the Hospital of Charity. A pupil of Corvisard, Chomel became the doctor of King Louis-Philippe.

CHREPTOWICZ, Countess. Died in 1878. Helena, daughter of the Comte de Nesselrode. Married Count Michael Chreptowicz, who served for a long time in the Russian diplomatic service and was made Court High Chamberlain during the last years of the reign of Alexander II.

CLAM GALLAS, Count Edward of (1805-1891). Austrian cavalry general, who played an important part in the wars in which Austria was involved after 1848. He resigned in 1868 in anger at the attacks made upon his conduct of the campaign of 1866 against Prussia in Bohemia, although a court-martial had entirely exonerated him.

CLANRICARDE, Lord* (1802-1874). English politician.

CLANRICARDE, Lady. Died in 1876. Daughter of the famous Canning.

CLARY-ALDRINGEN, Prince Charles (1777-1831). He married the Countess Louise Chotek.

CLAUSEL, Comte Bertrand (1772-1842). Enlisted as a volunteer in 1791. He was rapidly promoted. In 1805 he became general of division and served in Italy, Dalmatia, Illyria, and won much reputation during the war in Spain. After the Hundred Days when he joined Napoleon, he withdrew to the United States and did not return until the armistice of 1820. In 1827 he was a deputy and a member of the Liberal opposition, and after 1830 he was appointed Governor of Algiers, but was a failure at the Siege of Constantine and was superseded. He then retired.

CLÉMENT DE RIS, Mlle. Married Admiral la Roncière le Noury. She was a daughter of a senator of the Empire, and occupied the château of Beauvais near Valençay.

CLÉMENTINE, Princess (1817-1907). Princesse Clémentine d'Orléans, daughter of King Louis-Phillipe. Married in 1843 Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Duke of Saxony.

CLERMONT TONERRE, Prince Jules de (1813-1849). Second son of the Duc Aimé de Clermont Tonnerre, sometime Minister of War, and Peer of France. Prince J. de Clermont Tonnerre married Mlle. de Crillon.

COBURG, Prince Ferdinand of* (1816-1888). Husband of Doña Maria da Gloria, Queen of Portugal.

COBURG, Duke Ernest I. of Saxe- (1784-1844). This Prince succeeded his father, Duke Francis, in 1806. His first wife was Princess Louise of Saxe-Coburg Altenburg, who died in 1831. In 1832 he married Princess Antoinette of Würtemberg.

CŒUR, The Abbé (1805-1860). Born of a merchant's family, who were traditionally supposed to have descended from the famous banker of Charles VII., the Abbé Cœur was professor of philosophy in the seminary of Lyons. After 1827 he came to Paris and attentively followed the lectures of MM. Guizot, Villemain and Cousin, and then devoted himself to preaching. In 1840 he preached a course of Lenten sermons at Saint Roch, after which King Louis-Philippe gave him the cross of the Legion of Honour. In 1848 he was appointed to the Archbishopric of Troyes. He delivered the funeral oration over Mgr. Affre.

COGNY, Dr. Doctor of Valençay.

COIGNY, the Duc de (1788-1865). He entered the army as a volunteer in 1805; lost his arm at the battle of Smolensk, was appointed cavalry colonel after the return of the Bourbons, in 1814 was appointed aide-de-camp to the Duc de Berry, and then entered the service of the Duc de Bordeaux. In 1821 he took the place of his grandfather, Marshal de Coigny in the Chamber of Peers. After vain efforts to secure from Charles X. in 1830 the revocation of the Ordinances, M. de Coigny swore fidelity to the July monarchy. In 1837 he was knight of honour to the Duchesse d'Orléans, and in 1843 was promoted to field-marshal.

COIGNY, the Duchesse de. She was an English woman by birth, and daughter of Sir H. J. Dalrymple Hamilton. She married the Duc de Coigny in 1822.

COLLARD, Madame Hermine. Brought up by Madame de Genlis; the circumstances of her birth were entirely obscure.

COMBALOT, the Abbé Théodore (1798-1873). A French preacher. He was ordained at a very early age and became a zealous partisan of Lamennais, though at a later date he disavowed his doctrines. His sermons attracted keen attention, owing to their political character.

CONDÉ, Louis II., Prince de (1621-1686). Called the Great Condé, first Prince of the blood and first known as the Duc d'Enghien. He was famous for his victories at Rocroi, Friburg, Nordlingen, and Lens. After taking an unfortunate share in the troubles of the Fronde, the Prince de Condé was restored to his command at the time of the treaty of the Pyrenees and performed admirable service during the wars in Flanders and in the Franche Comté.

CONYNGHAM, Francis Nathaniel, Marquis of* (1797-1882). English politician.

CORMENIN, Vicomte de (1788-1868). Publicist, Councillor of State, deputy, and famous as a pamphleteer under the pseudonym of Timon.

CORNELIUS, Peter von (1787-1867). Famous German painter of the School of Düsseldorf. He studied for several years at Frankfort-on-Maine and at Rome. His composition was magnificent and his power of drawing remarkable.

COSSÉ BRISSAC, the Duc de (1775-1848). A member of the administration under the Empire, he joined the Restoration and entered the Chamber of Peers in 1814. He then became a supporter of the July Monarchy.

COURLANDE, Duchesse de (1761-1821). Née Comtesse de Medem, she married the Duc Pierre de Courlande, by whom she had four daughters. The youngest was the Duchesse de Dino, author of these memoirs.

COUSIN, Victor* (1792-1867). French philosopher.

COWPER, Lady* (1787-1869). Afterwards Lady Palmerston.

CRÉMIEUX, Adolphe (1796-1880). Lawyer and French politician. A member of the National Defence in 1870.

CRESCENTINI, Girolamo (1769-1846). Famous soprano singer, known as the Italian Orpheus. He went on the stage in 1788, and was heard at Rome, Verona, Padua, Vienna, and Lisbon. Napoleon kept him at Paris from 1806 to 1812. He afterwards became a professor in the Conservatory at Naples.

CRUVEILHIER, Dr. Jean (1791-1874). Doctor and famous French anatomist. He was born at Limoges and studied at Paris, where he had a large and select practice.

CUBIÈRES, General de (1786-1853). In 1804 he left the military school of Fontainebleau and distinguished himself at Austerlitz and at Auerstadt. He obtained the cross of honour at Eylau, the rank of captain at Essling, and became major of cavalry during the campaign of 1813, colonel in 1815, and covered himself with glory at Waterloo. When he was retired by the Second Restoration he obtained the post of receiver-general of the Meuse, and in 1832 was given the command of the expeditionary force of Ancona. He was appointed general and was twice Minister of War in 1839 and 1840. In 1847 he was involved in a deplorable affair and accused of bribing the Minister Teste to secure the concession of the salt-mines of Gouhénans. He was then tried before the Court of Peers, condemned to civil degradation, and fined ten thousand francs. In 1852 he was exonerated by the Court of Appeal of Rouen.

CUMBERLAND, Ernest Augustus, Duke of* (1771-1851). Youngest son of George III., King of England.

CUMBERLAND, Duchess of.* Née Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

CUNEGONDE, Saint. Died in 1040. Empress of Germany and wife of Henry II. of Bavaria. Her festival is March 3.

CUVIER, Rodolphe. Protestant pastor to the Duchesse d'Orléans. He belonged to another branch of the family of the famous naturalist who bears that name.

CUVILLIER FLEURY, Alfred Auguste (1802-1887). French man of letters on the staff of the Journal des Débats, and appointed by King Louis-Philippe to attend upon his fourth son, the Duc d'Aumale, whose tutor he became, and afterwards his secretary of instructions. He was elected member of the French Academy in 1866.

CZARTORYSKI, Prince Adam* (1770-1861). Formerly Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Emperor Alexander I. of Russia.

CZARTORYSKI, Prince Adam (1804-1880). Son of Prince Constantin Czartoryski and of Princess Angelica Radziwill. He first married in 1832 his cousin-german, Princess Wanda Radziwill, and as his second wife in 1848, Countess Dzialynska.

CZARTORYSKI, Princess Wanda (1813-1846). Daughter of Prince Antony Radziwill and of Princess Louise of Prussia. She married in 1832 Prince Adam Czartoryski.

D

DALBERG, the Duc de* (1773-1833). Son of the Primate and Archchancellor of the same name.

DARMÈS. Attempted to assassinate King Louis-Philippe on October 15, 1840.

DARMSTADT, Princess Marie of. Born in 1824, she married the hereditary Grand Duke of Russia in 1841.

DECAZES, Elie, Duc* (1780-1846). French politician.

DELAVIGNE, Casimir (1793-1843). Lyric and dramatic poet. He entered the Academy in 1825. His Liberal ideas had brought him into disgrace under the Restoration; King Louis-Philippe, then Duc d'Orléans, extricated him from his troubles by making him Librarian of the Palais Royal.

DEMERSON, the Abbé (1795-1872). A French priest who took orders in 1819 and was the incumbent of Saint Séverin, then of Saint Germain l'Auxerrois from 1838 to 1850, when he was appointed to Notre Dame de Paris.

DEMIDOFF, Count Anatole (1813-1870). Count Demidoff, Prince of San Donato, married in 1841 Princess Mathilde, daughter of King Jerome of Westphalia. She was called Princess Mathilde de Montfort.