Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840

HOLLAND, Lady,* died in 1840. She was Lady Webster by her first marriage.

HOTTINGER, Baron Jean Conrad (1764-1841). Of Swiss origin, M. Hottinger founded an important commercial firm at Paris. In 1810 he was made a baron of the Empire, and in 1815 elected to the Chamber of the Hundred Days. Afterwards he became president of the Chamber of Commerce, judge in the commercial court, and governor of the Bank of France.

HOWARD OF WALDEN, Charles Augustus Ellis, Lord. Born in 1799. English diplomatist; under Secretary of State to the Foreign Office in 1824; minister at Stockholm in 1832, at Lisbon in 1834, and at Brussels in 1846.

HÜBNER, Count of (1811-1892). In 1833 he entered the chancery of Prince Metternich, who recognised his capacity. He then became secretary to the Embassy at Lisbon, chief consul at Leipzig, and political adviser to Marshal Radetzky in Italy. He was made a prisoner in 1848, and was not set at liberty until after the conclusion of peace with King Charles Albert. In 1849 he was first Minister and then Ambassador at Paris until 1859. In 1867 he was appointed Ambassador at Rome. He then left the diplomatic service, and spent his time in travel and literary work.

HUGEL, Ernest Eugene von (1774-1849). General in the Austrian service and for some time Minister of War. He had also been Austrian Minister at Paris.

HUMANN, Mlle. Louise, born about 1757. Her piety outrivalled that of the Christians of the Primitive Church. At Strasburg, where she lived, she became the patroness of the Abbés Bautain, Gratry and Ratisbonne. She was a sister of the Bishop of Mayence and of the Finance Minister of King Louis-Philippe.

HUMANN, Jean George* (1780-1842). French statesman and financier. Born of an old Alsatian family.

HUMBOLDT, Baron William of (1767-1835). Statesman and Prussian philologist. In 1802 he was Minister at Rome and then became Councillor of State at Berlin and chief of the department of education and public worship. In 1808 he was appointed Plenipotentiary Minister at Vienna; in 1810 he took part in the Conference at Prague, and in 1815 in the Congress of Vienna. He was extraordinary envoy at London in 1816, then Minister of State and a member of the Commission entrusted with the preparation of the Prussian Constitution in 1818. In 1819 he resigned his posts and devoted his attention to literary work.

HUMBOLDT, Alexander of (1769-1858). Great German naturalist and man of science, well known for his scientific travels in the New World, and by the genius which his numerous narratives of them display. He was a brother of the foregoing.

HUMBOLDT, Frau Wilhelm von (1771-1829). Daughter of Frederick of Dachröden. She had married Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1791.

HUMBOLDT, Caroline von (1792-1837). Eldest daughter of Wilhelm von Humboldt.

HYDE DE NEUVILLE, Baron Jean Guillaume (1776-1857). French politician. Deeply attached to the royalty. Implicated in a conspiracy against Napoleon I., he fled to the United States, and did not return to France until after the fall of the Empire. In 1815 he was a deputy; in 1816 he was Minister to the United States, and afterwards to Portugal. In 1828 he held the portfolio of Naval Affairs in the Martignac Ministry, but resigned when Polignac's Cabinet came into power. After 1830 he supported the desperate cause of the Duc de Bordeaux, and afterwards lived in retirement.

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IBRAHIM PASHA (1772-1848). Son of the Viceroy of Egypt, Mehemet Ali, whom he supported in the task of Egyptian re-organisation. He invaded Syria in 1832 at his father's orders, and was marching upon Constantinople when he was stopped at Kutayeh by the intervention of the European Powers. Some years afterwards, when war broke out again, Ibrahim won a decisive victory over the Turks at Nezib in 1839, but the treaty of London of July 15, 1840, and the bombardment of the Syrian ports by the English fleet obliged him to abandon the conquest of Syria for a second time. He then devoted his time to the domestic administration of Egypt.

ISABELLA II.* (1830-1904). Queen of Spain.

ISTURITZ, Xavier d', born in 1790. He was a Spanish statesman who held a seat from 1812 in the Cortes, and attracted attention by his revolutionary patriotism. While president of the Chamber of the Procuradores in 1835, his Liberal ideas brought him into trouble and he was obliged to take refuge in London. Afterwards he accomplished several missions to the different courts of Europe, and was even Ambassador at Paris from 1863 to 1864.

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JACKSON, Andrew (1767-1845). American General and seventh President of the United States in 1829. In 1834 he claimed from France in very haughty terms an indemnity of twenty-five millions for the ships taken from the United States under the Empire. After holding the Presidency twice in succession, he retired into private life.

JAUBERT, Chevalier (1779-1847). An Orientalist who accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt as interpreter. He was secretary and interpreter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Master of Requests, and then Chargé d'affaires at Constantinople. In 1819 he was Secretary and Interpreter to Louis XVIII.; he became a Member of the Academy of Inscriptions and Literature in 1830, and was made a Peer of France by Louis-Philippe.

JAUBERT, Comte Hippolyte François (1798-1874). A French politician and man of learning. He was a Deputy in 1831, and Minister of Public Works in 1840. He was appointed Peer of France in 1844, when the fall of Louis-Philippe induced him to retire into private life.

JAUCOURT, Marquise de* (1762-1848). Née Mlle. Charlotte de Bontemps.

JERSEY, Lady Sarah* (1787-1867). Her drawing-room was one of the most famous in London.

JOINVILLE, François d'Orléans, Prince de (1818-1900). Third son of King Louis-Philippe. He served in the navy and brought the remains of Napoleon back to France in 1840. In 1843 he married Princess Francisca of Braganza, daughter of the Emperor of Brazil.

JUMILHAC, Odet de Chapelle de (1804-1880). Duc de Richelieu. A nephew by his mother of the Duc de Richelieu who died in 1822, M. de Jumilhac assumed his uncle's title and thus became a member of the Chamber of Peers. He was a Knight of the Legion of Honour.

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KAROLYI, Countess Ferdinand (1805-1844). Daughter of Prince Ludwig of Kaunitz Rietberg. She married Count Louis Karolyi in 1823.

KENT, Duchess of* (1786-1861). Sister-in-law of King William IV. of England and mother of Queen Victoria.

KRÜDENER, Baroness of (1764-1824). Julia of Vietinghoff, daughter of the Governor of Riga; at the age of fourteen she married the Baron of Krüdener, Russian Minister at Berlin, by whom she had two children. Her husband divorced her in 1791. After a series of adventures she became intimate with Queen Louise of Prussia, and then became a religious fanatic. In 1814 she was at Paris when the allies entered the town, and obtained great influence over the Emperor Alexander I. Expelled from Germany and from Switzerland she took refuge at her estates near Riga, and began a connection with the Moravian Brothers. She started for the Crimea in 1822 with the intention of founding an asylum for criminals and sinners.

KRÜDENER, Baroness Amelia of (1808-1888). Daughter-in-law of the foregoing. She was a natural daughter of the Princesse de la Tour et Taxis, née Mecklenburg-Strelitz, sister of Queen Louise of Prussia and of Count Maximilian of Lerchenfeld, who brought her up at his house and whose wife adopted her. In 1825 she married Herr von Krüdener, and her second husband in 1850 was Count Nicholas Adlerberg, aide-de-camp to the Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia.

KRÜGER, Francis (1797-1857). A famous portrait-painter at Berlin.

KUHNEIM, Countess (1770-1854). By birth a During she was friend of Princess Charles of Prussia.

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LA BESNARDIÈRE, J. B. Gouey de (1765-1843). Privy Councillor who lived for a long time in Touraine after his retirement in 1819.

LABORDE, Comte Léon de (1807-1869). Archæologist and traveller, and for a short time diplomatist. In 1840 he was appointed a deputy, and was director of the Museum of Antiquities in the Louvre from 1845 to 1848. He received a seat in the Senate in 1868.

LABOUCHERE, Henry* (1798-1869). Member of the English Parliament.

LA BRICHE, Comtesse de. Her salon became famous at Paris as she gathered distinguished men and famous writers about her. She possessed the château of Marais near Paris, where she often gave dramatic performances. Her daughter had married M. Molé.

LA BRUYERE, Jean de* (1645-1696). Author of the Characters.

LACAVE LAPLAGNE, Jean Pierre Joseph (1795-1849). He was a pupil of the Polytechnic School; he took part in the last campaigns of the Empire and resigned when the Bourbons were restored. He then devoted himself to the study of law, was called to the Bar at Toulouse and entered the magistracy. He was deputy for the department of Gers, and several times held the portfolio of finance. King Louis-Philippe entrusted to him the administration of the property of the Duc d'Aumale.

LACORDAIRE, Henri (1802-1861). Famous French preacher, a Dominican of the Order of the Preaching Friars. He entered the French Academy in 1860 in place of M. de Tocqueville.

LADVOCAT, M. King's attorney under the monarchy of 1830. As he was the bearer of nominations, Fieschi had applied to him upon his arrival at Paris to secure a post; after his attempted assassination Fieschi, who had taken a false name, was recognised by M. Ladvocat.

LAFARGE, Mme. The mother of M. Lafarge. She was not able to avoid all suspicion in the course of the famous trial. She had broken the seals of her daughter-in-law's will to learn her dispositions.

LAFARGE, M. A widower at the age of twenty-eight, Pouch Lafarge, who owned an iron works at Glandier (Corrèze); he was an incompetent man of business, always reduced to extremities. He married Marie Capelle who gained a gloomy notoriety by poisoning him.

LAFARGE, Mme. (1816-1852). Marie Capelle, an orphan, married M. Lafarge in 1839. As the result of the famous trial, she was condemned to perpetual imprisonment.

LA FAYETTE, the Marquis de* (1767-1834). A deputy to the States General in 1789, he played a part in the revolutionary events of his time.

LAFFITTE, Jacques (1767-1844). A French financier who played an important part in the July revolution, and was a Minister under King Louis-Philippe.

LAMARTINE, Alphonse de (1790-1869). French poet and politician. He entered the Academy in 1830, and the Chamber of Deputies in 1834, and acquired a wide popularity which faded soon after 1848.

LAMB, Frederick* (1782-1852). English diplomatist. Brother of Lord Melbourne and heir to his title.

LAMBRUSCHINI, Cardinal (1776-1854). He was Bishop of Sabine, Archbishop of Genoa, and papal nuncio at Paris under Charles X. He received his Cardinal's hat in 1831. Pope Gregory XVI. appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs, then Secretary of Briefs, and Prefect of the Congregation of Studies. After the events of 1848 he followed Pius IX. to Gaeta.

LANSDOWNE, Lady.* Died in 1865; she had married the Marquis of Lansdowne in 1819.

LARCHER, Mlle. Henriette* (1782-1860). Governess of Mlle. Pauline de Périgord.

LA REDORTE, the Comte Mathieu de* (1804-1886). French diplomatist.

LA REDORTE, the Comtesse de. Died in 1885. Née Louise Suchet, daughter of the Marshal d'Albuféra.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, the Comte Sosthène de. Duc de Doudeauville (1785-1864). Aide-de-camp to the Comte d'Artois under the Restoration. He was always an ardent Legitimist, and also had paid much attention to literature.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Marie de. Died in 1840. She was the daughter of the Duc de Sosthène de la Rochefoucauld Doudeauville and granddaughter of the Duchesse Mathieu de Montmorency.

LA ROVÈRE, the Marquise de (1817-1840). Elizabeth of Stackelberg. A Russian by birth, she became a Catholic upon her marriage with the Marquis de la Rovère and died soon after her marriage. Her tomb of white marble is in the Campo Santo of Turin.

LAS CASES, the Comte Emanuel de (1800-1854). He had followed his father to St. Helena. The Revolution of 1830 afterwards found a warm supporter in him. When he was elected deputy he joined the ranks of the Liberal party and entered the Senate after the coup d'état of December 2, 1852.

LAVAL, the Prince Adrien de* (1768-1837). Peer of France and diplomatist.

LAVAL, the Vicomtesse de (1745-1838). Mlle. Tavernier de Boullongue had married in 1765 the Vicomte de Laval and was the mother of the Duc Mathieu de Montmorency, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs. She was a great friend of M. de Talleyrand.

LAZAREFF, Madame de (1813-1881). She was born Princess Antoinette de Biron Courlande.*

LÉAUTAUD, the Comtesse de. Alexandrine Clémentine de Nicolaï daughter of the Marquis and Marquise Scipion de Nicolaï, née Lameth. Her name appeared in the Lafarge trial with reference to a theft of diamonds of which Madame Lafarge was accused, and which she asserted had been handed to her by Madame de Léautaud.

LEBRUN, Pierre Antoine (1785-1873). Man of letters and member of the French Academy from 1828. From 1830 to 1848 he was a director of the Royal printing house; in 1839 he was made a Peer of France, called to the Senate in 1853 and became grand officer of the Legion of Honour.

LE HON, Count (1792-1868). Belgian statesman and Minister at Paris for many years.

LEON, the Prince Charles Louis Jocelyn de (1819-1893). He assumed the title of Duc de Rohan on the death of his father in 1869. He had married Mlle. de Boissy in 1843.

LERCHENFELD, Count Maximilian of (1779-1843). A Bavarian statesman who helped to draw up the Bavarian Constitution. In 1825 he became Finance Minister and resigned his post to become Ambassador to the Germanic Diet. He had married the Baroness Anne of Grosschlag.

LESTOCQ, Frau von (1788-1849). Widow of General Lestocq, Governor of Breslau, who died in 1818. She was the chief lady at the Court of Princess William of Prussia, by birth Princess of Hesse Homburg, and sister-in-law to King Frederick William III.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Augustus Charles of* (1807-1835). For a short time he was the husband of Doña Maria, Queen of Portugal.

LEVESON, George (1815-1891). He was secretary to his father, Lord Granville, English Ambassador at Paris, and then secretary to the Foreign Minister. In 1846, on his father's death, he inherited his title and entered the House of Lords. He held Government offices at different times, and eventually retired in 1886 with Mr. Gladstone.

LEZAY MARNÉSIA, the Comte de* (1772-1857). Prefect and Peer of France under the Bourbons, and Senator under the Empire in 1852.

LIAUTARD, the Abbé (1774-1842). He studied at the College of Sainte Barbe at Paris and was then called to the colours by the decree of August 23, 1793. He was one of the most brilliant pupils of the Polytechnic School, but renouncing the world, he entered the seminary of Saint Sulpice, and was ordained priest in 1804. Afterwards he founded the college which was to become the College of Stanislas and then became the chief priest of Fontainebleau after refusing the bishopric of Limoges.

LICHTENSTEIN, the Princess of (1776-1848). By birth she was the Landgräfin Josephine of Fürstenberg, and had married in 1792 Prince Johann Josef of Lichtenstein.

LIEBERMANN, the Baron Augustus of (1791-1841). Prussian diplomatist at Madrid in 1836 and at St. Petersburg in 1840.

LIEVEN, the Prince de* (1770-1839). Russian diplomatist, and for twenty-two years Ambassador at London.

LIEVEN, the Princesse de* (1784-1857). Née Dorothée de Benkendorff.

LIEGNITZ, the Princess of (1800-1873). The Countess of Harrach contracted a morganatic marriage in 1824 with King Frederick William III. of Prussia, who gave her the title of Princess of Liegnitz.

LINANGE, Prince Charles of (1804-1856). Son of the Duchess of Kent by her first marriage. He married the Countess of Klebelsberg.

LINDENAU, Baron Bernard Augustus of (1780-1854). Learned German astronomer and politician. He held several diplomatic posts and became Home Secretary in Saxony. In 1830 he worked energetically to form a Constitution for this country. He founded an astronomical museum at Dresden.

LINGARD, John (1769-1851). An English historian and a Catholic Priest who had been educated at Douai with the Jesuits.

LISFRANC DE SAINT MARTIN, Jacques (1790-1847). Famous French surgeon who made a great reputation under the Second Restoration.

LOBAU, the Comte de (1770-1838). As a volunteer he took an active part in the campaigns of the Republic and of the Empire. After Leipzig, when he was involved in the capitulation of Gouvion Saint-Cyr, he was sent to Hungary as a prisoner where he remained until the Restoration. During the Hundred Days he commanded the first military division and the sixth army corps at Waterloo, where he was captured by the English. From 1815 to 1818 he was exiled and then lived in retirement until 1823, when he entered the Chamber of Deputies. He was made Peer of France and Marshal in 1831, and successfully opposed the outbreaks which took place at Paris in 1831 and 1834.

LOBAU, wife of the foregoing. She was the daughter of Madame d'Arberg and sister-in-law of General Klein.

LÖWENHIELM, Count Gustavus Charles Frederick of (1771-1856). Swedish diplomatist; Extraordinary Minister to the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and Swedish Minister in Austria in 1816. He held a corresponding post at Paris where he resided for thirty-eight years. He had a large fortune which he used very nobly.

LÖWENHIELM, the Countess of (1783-1859). Fräulein von Schönburch-Wechselburg married as her first husband, in 1806, Count Gustavus of Düben, then the Swedish chargé d'Affaires at Vienna. In 1812 she was left a widow, and in 1826 married the Count of Löwenhielm, who had previously been the husband of a Baroness of Gur.

LÖWE-WEIMAR, the Baron François Adolphe de (1801-1854). He belonged to a family of German Jews, but was converted to Christianity and came to Paris, where he made a name for himself in literature. M. Thiers entrusted him with a diplomatic mission in Russia. He was appointed Consul-General to Bagdad, where he distinguished himself in 1847 by his devotion during a cholera epidemic. Afterwards he was Consul-General at Caracas.

LOGERE, M. de. Attaché to the French legation at Berlin.

LOTTUM, Count Charles Henry of (1767-1841). Infantry General and Minister of State in Prussia under Frederick William III., and afterwards Minister of the Exchequer. He married Fräulein Frederica of Lamprecht.

LOUIS-PHILIPPE I.* (1773-1849). King of the French from 1830-1848.

LOUVEL, Louis Pierre (1783-1820). A working saddler whose political fanaticism led him, on February 13, 1820, as people were leaving the opera, to assassinate the Duc de Berry, son of Charles X., nephew of Louis XVIII., with the object of bringing the dynasty of the Bourbons to an end. He was condemned by the Court of Peers and executed.

LOW COUNTRIES, Queen of the (1774-1837). Wilhelmina, daughter of King William II. of Prussia, and wife of King William I. of the Low Countries.

LOW COUNTRIES, Princess Frederica of the* (1808-1870). By birth Princess Louise of Prussia and daughter of Frederick William III.

LUCCA, the Duchess of (1803-1879). She was a daughter of the King of Sardinia and twin sister of the Empress Caroline of Austria, wife of the Emperor Ferdinand II.

LUTTEROTH, Alexander of (1806-1882). Born at Leipzig, he served in the French diplomatic service during his youth. He married a Countess Batthyàny.

LYNDHURST, Lord (1772-1864). An English politician of the Tory party. In three Cabinets he held the Great Seal, and occupied in succession the highest political posts in his country. His second wife was a Jewess, Mrs. Norton, for which reason he vigorously supported the Bill for the admission of Jews into Parliament.

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MACDONALD, Marshal Alexander (1765-1840). Born of an Irish family, he saw service in all the campaigns of the Republic and the Empire. In 1804 he was dismissed for defending Moreau and did not return to the service until 1809, when his distinguished conduct at Wagram gained him the title of the Duke of Tarentum. After the abdication of Napoleon I. he was appointed peer of France and Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour, a post which he held until 1831.

MACDONALD, General Alexandre de (1824-1881). Duke of Tarentum. Only son of Marshal Macdonald and of Mlle. de Bourgoing, cousin of King Charles X. and of Madame la Dauphine. On the accession of Napoleon III. he became Chamberlain of the Emperor and Knight of the Legion of Honour. He was a Deputy in 1852, Senator in 1869, and retired into private life in 1870.

MAGON-LABALLUE DE BOISGARIN, Mlle. (1765-1834). She was born of a noble family who had become boat-builders, and married in 1779 the Comte de Villefranche, of the house of Carignan. After his death she lived very quietly at Paris.

MAHMUD II. (1785-1839). Sultan of the Ottoman Turks. He ascended the throne in 1808. His wars were the ruin of his empire, but his domestic administration was marked by great reforms; he introduced Western sciences and institutions, drilled his troops in European style, and guaranteed religious toleration by a firman of 1839.

MAILLÉ, the Duc de (1770-1837). Charles François Armand de la Tour-Landry, Duc de Maillé, was before the Revolution first Gentleman of the Chamber of Monsieur; he became an émigré with the Prince and held aloof from politics until the fall of the Empire. He took a large share in the Royalist movement of 1814, and resumed his former duties under King Louis XVIII., who made him a Peer of France. He refused to take the oath to the July monarchy,

MAINTENON, the Marquise de* (1635-1719). Morganatic wife of King Louis XIV. and a famous educationist.

MAISON, the Marshal* (1771-1840). Peer of France and French diplomatist, and member of several Cabinets.

MAISON, wife of the foregoing, Marie Madeleine Françoise Weygold, was born in Prussia in 1776 and in 1796 married Marshal Maison, at that time Major.

MALESHERBES, Chrétien Guillaume Lamoignon de (1721-1794). Son of Chancellor Lamoignon, he was a Minister with Turgot under Louis XVI.; he defended the King before the Convention, and died himself upon the scaffold. He was a member of the French Academy.

MALTZAN, Count Mortimer of (1783-1843), First gentleman at the Prussian Court. Chamberlain and major and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Vienna. He married a Countess of Golz.

MANNAY, the Abbé Charles (1745-1824). He studied at St. Sulpice, where he distinguished himself. After his ordination as priest he became chief vicar and then canon of the cathedral of Rheims. When the Revolution broke out he retired to England and Scotland, and in 1802 was appointed Bishop of Trèves. He resigned in 1814 and returned to France, where, in 1817, he was appointed Bishop of Auxerre, and in 1820 of Rennes. He was a great friend of the Prince de Talleyrand.

MARBEUF, the Marquise de (1765-1839). She married in 1784 the Comte, afterwards the Marquis de Marbeuf, gentleman of the chamber of the Comte de Provence and Field Marshal, afterwards Governor of Corsica. She was left a widow in 1786, and retired to the convent of the Sacré Cœur, where she took the veil.

MARBOIS, the Marquis de Barbé* (1745-1837). French diplomatist and politician, for a long time president of the financial court.

MARCHAND, Louis Joseph Narcisse (1791-1876). First Groom of the Chamber of the Emperor Napoleon I., whom he followed to St Helena. To him the Emperor dictated his "Summary of the Wars of Julius Cæsar," which Marchant published in 1836. On his deathbed Napoleon gave him the title of Comte, and then entrusted him with his will. On his return to France Marchand married, in 1823, the daughter of General Brayer, and settled at Strasburg. In 1840 he was associated with the Prince de Joinville to bring back the remains of the Emperor from St. Helena, and was made Knight and afterwards Officer of the Legion of Honour.

MARCHESI, Luigi (1755-1829). A famous Italian singer whose method became supreme in the musical art. His first appearance was at Rome in 1774. Every capital in Europe attempted to secure his presence, but in the theatre of his native town, Milan, he ended a career which had brought him both honour and riches.

MARESCALCHI, the Comtesse de, died in 1846. She was the daughter of the Marquis de Pange and of Mlle. de Caraman.