SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: New Physica, Physics X.0 & Technology X.0

For, it appears the final cause of machine technology is to create universal machines both guided by feedback control mechanisms and capable to intelligently behave in a changing world: to map (perceive) environments, to have plans (beliefs), to reason (think) thoughts, solve problems, experience emotions, and achieve goals of any complexity.

The idea of a universal transformer has long been served for the engineers as the technological Holy Grail or the ideal model of machines. The universal transducers or reversible machines, as dynamo-electric machines or MHD machines, essentially revolve around the reversibility law. For a basic aspect of reversible automata is the rule that the force (energy) conversion direction runs backwards, turns the other way round, transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy, as well as electrical power into mechanical motion.

Through the reverse input function system, the universal automaton becomes a self-governing and self-operating force/energy/ information converting machine, regulating its behavior in different real circumstances by controlling its outputs in conformity to a set of standard programmed values stored in it, such as AI computing programs. Then, generally, the universal operator will involve all four categories of machines integrating them as one unit:

•      reversible machines as power and motion source;

•      transducers as the sensing instruments, controlling mechanisms, and actuating devices;

•      the AI based reversible computers as the decision element storing all the basic world knowledge and activating the control system;

•      the Future Internet of Everything as a worldwide digital network resource (Abdoullaev, A. (2008). The Knowledge Society Applications: The RRR Language Machines. IGI Global; http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/chapter.aspx?titleid=28319).

Technology X.0 deals with interdisciplinary physico-technical sciences, emerging technologies, sophisticated technical innovations and complex cyber-physical ecosystems, as Future Internet of Everything, Encyclopedic AI, Universal Transformers, Intelligent Industry, or Technological Human Settlements of the Future, like as Intelligent Nations or Smart Green Cities.

Technology X.0 is about an intelligently expanding human environment and big quest to explore the depths of an infinitely wonderful physical universe.

The Prospects of Emerging Technologies

The emerging technologies should be in line with the philosophy of New Physics and Technology X.0.

The most advanced technologies and breakthrough innovations and revolutionary applications are to reversibly convert natural forces, chemical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, nuclear, gravitational and mechanical, in a closed loop, with zero-waste of energy.

The level of development of future technology and social communities is the capacity to control the forces of nature as according to the Great Schema of Forces:

Prime Force (ToE)::

Quantum Gravity Forces (Space Curvature, Standard Model of Cosmology; Electronuclear Force (GUT, Standard Model of Particle Physics)::

Strong Interaction (SU (3); Electroweak Interaction (SU(2) x U(1))::

Weak Interaction and Electromagnetism U(1em)::

Magnetism and Electricity::

Non-Fundamental Forces (contact forces, elasticity, viscosity, friction, pressure, etc.)::

normal force,

friction,

tension,

elastic forces,

continuum mechanics forces of pressure,

drag and stress,

fictitious forces coming from non-inertial reference frames,

the centrifugal force,

the Coriolis force,

general relativity gravity.

Accordingly, the top intelligent civilizations have extraordinary power of harnessing the Quantum Gravity Force, as in the hypothetical “Haven City of God” simulated by the NASA image on the book title page.

The future technological sciences, emerging technologies and technology x.0 advancement are presented in the SUPPLEMENT 1.

References: S&T XXI Monographic Series

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Physics X.0 & Technology X.0; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-2-9

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Disrupting Modern Science, Technology and Engineering; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-3-6

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: The World, Global Knowledge Base and Encyclopedic AI; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-4-3

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Intelligent Urbanization and Global Cities; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-5-0

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Intelligent Nations, Powers and Superpowers; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-6-7

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Sustainable Smart World Development: I-World vs. i-World; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN set 978-9963-2202-1-2; ISBN 978-9963-2202-7-4

Azamat Sh. Abdoullaev, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: Russia at the Threshold of New Reality: Project RUSSIA XXI; EIS Encyclopedic Intelligence Systems; EU, Russia, 2016; ISBN 978-5-600-01518-0 (in Russian)

Supplement 1. New Technological Word

Biotechnology,

Nanotechnology,

Information Technology,

Cognitive Science,

Robotics and AI,

Computing and Communications,

Display Technology,

Electronics,

Robotics and Applied Mechanics,

Energy Systems,

Materials Science,

Manufacturing,

Space Technologies and Transportation

Future Technologies by Sectors: At Different Development Stages and Application Fields

Agriculture:

Agricultural robot,

Closed ecological systems,

Genetically modified food,

In vitro meat,

Kitchen meat incubator,

Vertical farming or Urban Agriculture

Sustainable Agriculture:

Genetic industries of renewable natural resources of agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, and natural processes

Biomedical:

Artificial uterus,

Body implants,

Prosthesis,

Cryonics,

Expressive augmentation,

Genetic engineering,

Hibernation or suspended animation,

Life extension,

Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence,

Oncolytic Virus,

Personalized medicine,

NG Genomics, full genome sequencing,

Synthetic biology,

Synthetic genomics,

Regenerative medicine,

Robotic surgery,

Tricorder,

Tissue engineering,

Virotherapy,

Vitrification or cryoprotectant

Displays:

3D displays,

Holography (Holographic display, Computer-generated holography),

Organic light-emitting transistor,

Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens),

EyeTap, etc.

Electronics:

Digital scent technology,

Electronic nose,

E-textiles,

Flexible electronics,

Memristor,

Spintronics,

Thermal copper pillar bump

Energy:

Renewable Energy Technologies,

Innovative Energy Storage,

Generation and Transfer

IT, Computing and Telecommunications:

Encyclopedic Intelligence

Ambient intelligence,

Artificial brain,

Artificial intelligence,

Atomtronics,

Augmented Reality,

Cybermethodology,

Virtual Reality;

Mobile Internet and Wireless Web,

Knowledge Work Automation,

the Internet of Things or M2M Internet,

Cloud Technology,

Advanced Robotics,

I-World Digital Platform: Smart World Applications (Intelligent Territories, Regions, Cities, Communities)

Manufacturing:

Additive Manufacturing or 3D/4D Printing,

Claytronics,

Molecular manufacturing,

Molecular assembler,

Materials science:

Advanced Materials,

Aerogel,

Cloak of invisibility,

Conductive Polymers,

Femtotechnology,

Picotechnology,

Graphene,

High-temperature superconductivity,

High-temperature superfluidity,

Metamaterials,

Multi-function structures,

Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes, Programmable matter, Quantum dots, Silicene

Military:

Smart Weaponry,

Arms,

Weapons Systems,

Implements of War, or Munition,

Intelligent Defence Systems

Neuroscience:

Artificial brain,

Brain-computer interface,

Brain-reading,

Neuroinformatics,

Electroencephalography,

Neuroprosthetics (Visual prosthesis, brain implant, exocortex, retinal implant)

Space:

Asteroid mining,

Moon mining,

Domed city,

Inflatable space habitat,

Hypertelescope,

Force field,

Miniaturized satellite,

Alcubierre drive,

Propellant depot,

Reusable launch system,

Solar sail,

Space elevator,

Spaceplane,

Nuclear Launch Cannon,

High Altitude Platforms,

Orion Nuclear Starship,

Float to Orbit, etc.

Robotics:

Molecular nanotechnology,

nanorobotics,

Powered exoskeleton,

Self-reconfiguring modular robot,

Swarm robotics,

Unmanned vehicle

Transport:

Alternative fuel vehicle,

Autonomous Vehicles,

Vehicular communication systems (Artificial Passenger, Dedicated short-range communications, Intelligent transportation system),

Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing),

Fluidic flight controls,

Flying car,

Hovertrain,

Ground effect train,

Maglev train,

Vactrain,

Hyperloop technology,

Pod Cars,

Jetpack,

Space Transportation Technologies,

Anti-gravity,

Other: Advanced Oil and Gas Exploration and Recovery, etc.

FUTURE ENERGY

Airborne wind turbine

Artificial photosynthesis

Biofuels

Concentrated solar power

Energy harvesting

Fusion power

Generation IV reactor

Grid energy storage

Home fuel cell

Hydrogen economy

LED lamp

Lithium-air battery

Molten salt reactor, Nantenna

Smart grid

Solar roadway

Space-based solar power

Wireless energy transfer

Vortex engine

GREEN ENERGY TECHNO-HUMAN COMMUNITIES, CITIES, STATES, REGIONS, AND CONTINENTS

FUTURE ICT TECHNOLOGIES

Ambient intelligence

Artificial brain

Artificial intelligence

Atomtronics

Augmented Reality

Brain-computer interface

Brain-reading, Neuroinformatics, Mind Uploading

Cybermethodology

Cyber Security (Network Security, Security Operations, Data Security, Access and Identity Control, Endpoint Security, Application Security)

Emerging memory technologies T-RAM, Z-RAM, TTRAM, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, Racetrack memory, NRAM, Millipede memory

Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage)

4G cellular communication (Mobile broadband, mobile TV, Interactive TV, 3D-TV, holographic cameras)

5G mobile communication (mobile smart cities)

General-purpose computing on graphics processing units

Machine augmented cognition, exocortices

Machine translation, Machine vision, Speech recognition

Mobile collaboration

Optical computing

Quantum computing, Quantum cryptography

Radio-frequency identification

Semantic Web or Web 3.0

Smart Mobile Internet and Wireless Web

Three-dimensional integrated circuit

Virtual Reality or Virtual World (3D Simulated Environment for Interaction and Personal Experience)

Immersive virtual reality (Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck)

Internet of Things, M2M Communications, Web of Things, Smart Web, Smart Cyberspace

INTERNET OF EVERYTHING, INTELLIGENT INTERNET; DIGITAL CITIES AND INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES

FUTURE PHYSICAL WEAPON

Airborne laser (Advanced Tactical Laser, High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System)

Antimatter weapon

Caseless ammunition

Directed energy weapon

Electrolaser

Electromagnetic weapons

Electrothermal-chemical technology

Particle beam weapon

Plasma weapon

Pure fusion weapon

Sonic weapon

Stealth technology, Plasma stealth, Stealth aircraft, Radar-absorbent material

Vortex ring gun

Information or Cyber Warfare Weapons (Smart Cyber Security Systems and Tools)

SMART WEAPONRY, CYBER WARFARE AND INTELLIGENT DEFENCE SYSTEMS

FUTURE SPACE

Asteroid mining

Moon mining

Domed city

Inflatable space habitat

Hypertelescope

Force field, Plasma window

Miniaturized satellite

Alcubierre drive

Propellant depot

Reusable launch system

Solar sail

Space elevator (Non-rocket spacelaunch, Orbital ring, Sky hook, Space fountain)

Spaceplane

Nuclear Launch Cannon

High Altitude Platforms, Aeroscraft

Orion Nuclear Starship

Float to Orbit

EXTRATERRESTRIAL SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES: Intelligent Domed Cities

http://www.slideshare.net/ashabook/smart-cosmos

http://www.slideshare.net/ashabook/space-platform

http://www.slideshare.net/ashabook/future-space

Future Technologies Advancement:

Agriculture,

Biomedical,

Electronics,

Energy,

ICT & Robotics,

Manufacturing,

Neuroscience,

Military,

Space,

Transport

Future Information, Future Knowledge, Science & Technology, and Future Intelligence

Future Web, Future Internet, Intelligent Internet, Smart WWW

Future Industry, Intelligent Integrated Industry

Future Government, Intelligent Global Government

Future Cities, Smart Green Urban Communities

Future Nations

Future Superpower

Post-Singularity World:

Scientific, Technological,

Social,

Economic,

Political,

Ecological Singularities

http://www.slideshare.net/ashabook/creating-the-future-tomorrows-world

Supplement 2. All Nobel Prizes in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded 109 times to 201 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2015.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016

The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics has not been awarded yet. It will be announced on Tuesday 4 October, 11:45 a.m. CET at the earliest.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015

Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald

"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014

Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura

"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013

François Englert and Peter W. Higgs

"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012

Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland

"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess

"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov

"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009

Charles Kuen Kao

"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"

Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith

"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

Yoichiro Nambu

"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa

"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007

Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg

"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006

John C. Mather and George F. Smoot

"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005

Roy J. Glauber

"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"

John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch

"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004

David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek

"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003

Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett

"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002

Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba

"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"

Riccardo Giacconi

"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001

Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman

"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000

"for basic work on information and communication technology"

Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer

"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed– and opto-electronics"

Jack S. Kilby

"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999

Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman

"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998

Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer and Daniel C. Tsui

"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997

Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips

"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996

David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson

"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995

"for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

Martin L. Perl

"for the discovery of the tau lepton"

Frederick Reines

"for the detection of the neutrino"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994

"for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"

Bertram N. Brockhouse

"for the development of neutron spectroscopy"

Clifford G. Shull

"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993

Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992

Georges Charpak

"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990

Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor

"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989

Norman F. Ramsey

"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"

Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul

"for the development of the ion trap technique"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988

Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger

"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987

J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller

"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986

Ernst Ruska

"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"

Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985

Klaus von Klitzing

"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984

Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer

"for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"