SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XXI: New Physica, Physics X.0 & Technology X.0

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"

William Alfred Fowler

"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982

Kenneth G. Wilson

"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981

Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow

"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"

Kai M. Siegbahn

"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980

James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch

"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979

Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg

"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa

"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"

Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson

"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977

Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck

"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976

Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting

"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975

Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater

"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974

Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish

"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973

Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever

"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"

Brian David Josephson

"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972

John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer

"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971

Dennis Gabor

"for his invention and development of the holographic method"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén

"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"

Louis Eugène Félix Néel

"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969

Murray Gell-Mann

"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968

Luis Walter Alvarez

"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967

Hans Albrecht Bethe

"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966

Alfred Kastler

"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman

"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964

Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov

"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963

Eugene Paul Wigner

"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"

Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen

"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962

Lev Davidovich Landau

"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961

Robert Hofstadter

"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960

Donald Arthur Glaser

"for the invention of the bubble chamber"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959

Emilio Gino Segrè and Owen Chamberlain

"for their discovery of the antiproton"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm

"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957

Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee

"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956

William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain

"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955

Willis Eugene Lamb

"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"

Polykarp Kusch

"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954

Max Born

"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"

Walther Bothe

"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953

Frits Zernike

"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952

Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell

"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951

Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton

"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950

Cecil Frank Powell

"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949

Hideki Yukawa

"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett

"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947

Sir Edward Victor Appleton

"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946

Percy Williams Bridgman

"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945

Wolfgang Pauli

"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944

Isidor Isaac Rabi

"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943

Otto Stern

"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1942

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1941

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1940

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939

Ernest Orlando Lawrence

"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938

Enrico Fermi

"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937

Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson

"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936

Victor Franz Hess

"for his discovery of cosmic radiation"

Carl David Anderson

"for his discovery of the positron"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935

James Chadwick

"for the discovery of the neutron"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1934

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933

Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932

Werner Karl Heisenberg

"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1931

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929

Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie

"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928

Owen Willans Richardson

"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927

Arthur Holly Compton

"for his discovery of the effect named after him"

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson

"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926

Jean Baptiste Perrin

"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925

James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz

"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924

Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923

Robert Andrews Millikan

"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922

Niels Henrik David Bohr

"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921

Albert Einstein

"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920

Charles Edouard Guillaume

"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919

Johannes Stark

"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck

"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917

Charles Glover Barkla

"for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1916

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915

Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914

Max von Laue

"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912

Nils Gustaf Dalén

"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911

Wilhelm Wien

"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910

Johannes Diderik van der Waals

"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909

Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun

"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908

Gabriel Lippmann

"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907

Albert Abraham Michelson

"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906

Joseph John Thomson

"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905

Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard

"for his work on cathode rays"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904

Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)

"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903

Antoine Henri Becquerel

"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska

"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman

"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"

https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/

Supplement 3. List of Natural Effects

A

Accordion effect (physics) (waves)

Acousto-optic effect (nonlinear optics) (waves)

Aharonov–Bohm effect (quantum mechanics)

Antenna effect (digital electronics) (electronic design automation)

Anti-greenhouse effect (atmospheric dynamics) (atmospheric science) (astronomy) (planetary atmospheres)

Askaryan effect (particle physics)

Asymmetric blade effect

Auger effect (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics)

Aureole effect (atmospheric optical phenomena) (scientific terminology)

Autler–Townes effect (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (atomic physics) (quantum optics)

Autokinetic effect (vision)

B

Bank effect (marine propulsion) (nautical terms) (water)

Barkhausen effect (condensed matter) (magnetism)

Barnett effect (condensed matter) (magnetism)

Bauschinger effect (classical mechanics) (materials science)

Bernoulli effect (equations) (fluid dynamics) (wind power)

Biefeld–Brown effect (physical phenomena) (propulsion)

Black drop effect (astronomical transits)

Blazhko effect (astronomy)

Bridgman effect (electricity) (electromagnetism)

Brookings effect (atmospheric science) (Curry County, Oregon) (Oregon coast) (Oregon geography) (winds)

Butterfly effect (chaos theory) (physical phenomena) (stability theory)

C

Callendar effect (atmospheric science) (climate) (climate change)

Captodative effect (organic chemistry)

Capture effect (broadcast engineering) (radio) (radio communications/) (telecommunications) (wireless communications)

Cascade effect (spaceflight)

Casimir effect (quantum field theory) (physical phenomena)

Catapult effect (electromagnetism)

Cheerio effect (fluid mechanics) (physics)

Cherenkov effect (experimental particle physics) (fundamental physics concepts) (particle physics) (special relativity)

Chorus effect (audio effects) (audio engineering) (effects units) (sound recording)

Christiansen effect (optical filters)

Christofilos effect (particle physics)

Cis effect (inorganic chemistry)

Coandă effect (aerodynamics) (boundary layers) (physical phenomena)

Cocktail party effect (acoustical signal processing) (attention)

Common-ion effect (ions) (physical chemistry)

Compton effect (astrophysics) (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (observational astronomy) (quantum electrodynamics) (X-rays)

Coriolis effect (atmospheric dynamics) (classical mechanics) (force) (physical phenomena) (urban legends)

Cotton effect (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (polarization)

Cotton–Mouton effect (magnetism) (optics)

D

De Haas–van Alphen effect (condensed matter) (magnetism) (quantum physics)

(de Sitter effect: see) Geodetic effect (general relativity)

Debye–Falkenhagen effect

Dellinger effect (radio communications)

Dember effect (electrical phenomena) (physics)

Dole effect (climatology) (oxygen) (paleoclimatology) (photosynthesis)

Domino effect (physic) (politics)

Doppler effect (Doppler effects) (radio frequency propagation) (wave mechanics)

E

Early effect (transistors)

Edison effect (atomic physics) (electricity) (Thomas Edison) (vacuum tubes)

Efimov effect (physics)

Einstein effect (disambiguation), several different effects in physics

Einstein–de Haas effect (science)

Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics)

Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps)

Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics)

Electroviscous effects (colloid chemistry) (surface chemistry)

EMC effect (particle physics)

Emerson effect (photosynthesis)

Eötvös effect (geodesy) (topography)

Espresso crema effect (earth phenomena) (geology)

Ettinghausen effect (condensed matter) (electrodynamics) (thermodynamics)

Evershed effect (physics) (solar phenomena)

Exciter (effect) (audio effects) (effects units)