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ЕГЭ-2025. Английский. Варианты на основе открытого банка ФИПИ
E. While penguins do not fly, they are incredible swimmers. In 2012, scientists managed to discover at last that the reason why Emperor penguins are able to swim so quickly through the ocean is not only because of the feathers on their flippers but also because of bubbles. It is surprising to learn about the bubbles penguins use to coat their bodies as they swim through the water. This coating of bubbles makes them more slippery and they are able to slide through the water at top speeds of 12 to 77 feet per second.
F. Penguins catch their food while swimming in the ocean. Penguins primarily eat fish, squid and krill that they catch with their sharp beaks. Over their evolutionary history, the ancestors of modern penguins lost their ability to fly in exchange for becoming extraordinary swimmers. Penguins are among the most skilled fish-eating animals in the world, which is necessary to fuel their high caloric needs. In contrast to cold-blooded fish, penguins must eat a lot to heat their bodies internally in cold weather.
G. Penguins are not mammals, even though they are warm-blooded animals. Penguins are one of only a few species of flightless birds left in the world. Many people mistakenly believe penguins have fur instead of feathers because of the tight packing of feathers on their bodies. Most birds could not survive the frigid temperatures, but penguins store ample fat reserves that protect them in the water. They have the tightly-woven feathers that protect them on land, and they stand in huddles to share body warmth.
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
11 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Do jellyfish sleep?
Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep?
It was after midnight A__________ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a “totally crazy” experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep.
A few weeks before, B__________ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. “Of course not,” said one of them. “Sleep helps C__________. Jellyfish are so simple they don’t even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?” The others weren’t so sure, but they wanted to find out.
The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D__________ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention.
Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E__________ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F__________ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since.
1. if they could get the jellies’ attention
2. how talkative they were in a situation close to
3. when three science students crept into the lab
4. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal
5. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy
6. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed
7. the students were having coffee and started debating
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Highlands Express
The journey began on a September evening in London as a black cab rushed me to Euston station. I had a weekend to myself, and I meant to make the most of it by hitting the famous Highlands of Scotland on a Caledonian Sleeper, a working train also affectionately known as the Deerstalker Express. I saw it as an escape from hectic city life.
A train is a very public place, but a berth on the sleeper is one of the most private. I was shown to my little first-class cabin – a little bed, little basin, window, night light and an extra blanket, trim as a toy house. I took a nibble in the comfortable, modern dining car, and retired to bed. London had slipped away, and it was black out there. I pulled the blind, put out the lamp, and arranged myself for sleep.
The train pulled into the station at 9:43 a.m. The centre of Fort William, I quickly learned, is but a street of fishing and hiking shops, with a spiky Victorian church, a handsome stone hotel, and a lake running alongside it. Before I took a cab to the hotel, I wandered up High Street to find the local paper and a cup of tea. A few hours later, I found myself standing up to my knees in the River Lochy, fishing with the expert assistance of a local guide, Martin Brown. The hotel staff was quite helpful and had arranged the outing with Martin. My aim was to learn the basics of fly-fishing. While Martin effortlessly handled yards and yards of fishing line so that his fly touched a small pool across the river, I splashed my fly into the river a few yards off. My first few casts were a mess, but I gradually improved. Soon, I hooked something. The rod grew heavy and lively. Eventually, I got very cold feet and aching arms and some sense of the pleasures of fishing, just as I had hoped.
That evening, after Martin dropped me off at the hotel, I found a place to sit among the armchair atolls in the oceanic great hall. Later, I was summoned to my table in one of the dining rooms, walls hung with prints. My meal was unassuming but tasty. I had a bit of meat pie, and a bit of cheese.
The following morning, I struck out on the well-marked walk that takes just a few hours but plunges you immediately into the grandeur of the Highlands. In the distance I saw an odd sight: a group of hikers dancing madly about the stream, waving their arms and shaking their heads.
I spread my coat on the grass and settled down to my picnic – superior crab sandwiches provided by the hotel. In a moment, I was on my feet, slapping my face and rubbing my hair while grabbing up my sandwiches with a free hand. I had forgotten the bane of the Highlands: flies, which are particularly active in late summer.
At Fort William’s excellent West Highland Museum, housed in a late Georgian building on Cameron Square, you can learn how people left a mark on this ancient landscape. They worked its trees and stones, leaving beautiful ax heads from the Stone Age, Celtic jewellery, the blade of a bronze sword. There are suggestions of myth and magic, the cement that connected people to their surroundings and the darker world beyond: amulets, cures, and trophies. And there are objects so rare and weird that they seemed to have dropped from the world beyond: so-called drift-seeds, which floated ashore from the West Indies and were turned into charms, odd-shaped or queerly colored pebbles that drew fevers, or brought a loved one home.
It was not yet dark when the London sleeper slid out of Fort William Station. I did not brood for long on the triumphs and tragedies of Highland history. When I next opened my eyes, I saw the huddled rooftops of suburban London, and a cheerful attendant, passing me a cup of tea.
12 The author decided to spend a holiday in the Highlands to …
1) ride an exclusive train.
2) spend some time on his own.
3) get away from the busy capital.
4) see what the Highlands are known for.
Ответ:
13 It in Paragraph 3 (and a lake running alongside it) refers to the …
1) lakeshore.
2) street.
3) shop.
4) church.
Ответ:
14 Which statement about the author’s fishing experience is FALSE?
1) His fishing skills slowly improved.
2) His attempts to catch something were useless.
3) The experience was quite satisfying.
4) The guide showed him how to throw the line.
Ответ:
15 Unassuming in Paragraph 4 (My meal was unassuming but tasty) most probably means …
1) heavy.
2) healthy.
3) modest.
4) inexpensive.
Ответ:
16 Hikers behaved strangely because they were …
1) attacked by insects.
2) performing a ritual.
3) impressed by the Highlands.
4) having an argument.
Ответ:
17 What did the author NOT see at the museum?
1) Old textiles.
2) Magic stones.
3) Parts of weapons.
4) Ancient charms.
Ответ:
18 How can the author’s weekend experience be described?
1) Thought-provoking.
2) Eye-opening.
3) Time-consuming.
4) Pressure-free.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.
Forest therapy
19 The Japanese are a very wise nation. Many Japanese people lead a very busy life and they need effective means to fight stress. Forest therapy __________________ one of them for a long time.
BE
20 The Japanese enjoy __________________ to local forests at the weekend.
GO
21 They spend there no __________________ than three hours walking and listening to birds singing. Scientists consider this kind of therapy very good.
LITTLE
Snow
22 Snow is beautiful. People all over the world, especially __________________, love looking at it or even playing with it.
CHILD
23 There are many interesting facts about snow. For instance, snow is colourless – it just looks white to us. A long time ago people __________________ to make artificial snow.
LEARN
24 The __________________ snow maker was patented in 1961 by Alden Hanson.
ONE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.
Denis Matsuev
25 Denis Matsuev is a Russian classical pianist. Born in Irkutsk in 1975, Matsuev is the only child of two musicians. His mother is a piano teacher and his father is a pianist and a __________________.
COMPOSE
26 Matsuev’s talent became obvious in his early childhood. He was only three years old when he managed to __________________ on his piano at home a melody which he had heard on television.
PRODUCE
27 In 1990 young Denis won a prize at the New Names Charitable Foundation __________________ in Irkutsk and got a scholarship from the foundation to study music in Moscow.
COMPETE
28 Matsuev toured the world with other young gifted musicians from Russia discovered by the foundation. In 1994 he took part in his first __________________ piano contest in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he was awarded the Grand Prix.
NATIONAL
29 His musical career quickly progressed. He is now a world-famous pianist with __________________ awards and a massive fan base.
VARY
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
At the library
It was early morning. Jason stood in the library at Norwood House, 30 ______ up at the painting above the fireplace. What an extraordinary portrait it was, of a handsome man in the prime of his life. The great Horace Winton. His grandfather. His mother, Horace’s eldest daughter, Laura, had always 31 ______ him that he would grow up to look like her father. She had been proved right.
This painting had been finished just a short time before Horace’s fortieth birthday, and in a few days’ time, he himself would be forty years old. And he was the spitting 32 ______ of his grandfather; six foot four, broad of chest, with red-gold hair and blue eyes. He knew that if Horas Winton could step out of the portrait, come to stand next to him, they would look like twins, so close was their 33 ______.
Jason Casey finally turned away and walked out onto the terrace, headed through the hanging gardens, making for the ruined stronghold. His mother had constantly taken him there as a child, explaining that it had been her father’s favourite spot at Norwood, and 34 ______ hers. She had 35 ______ him up on Winton lore, and most of it had been about his grandfather. Jason knew so much about his grandfather and 36 ______ never meeting him in person.
30
1) seeing
2) watching
3) blinking
4) staring
Ответ:
31
1) said
2) told
3) talked
4) spoke
Ответ:
32
1) replica
2) image
3) twin
4) double
Ответ:
33
1) resemblance
2) reproduction
3) recollection
4) responsibility
Ответ:
34
1) however
2) moreover
3) although
4) therefore
Ответ:
35
1) raised
2) grown
3) brought
4) risen
Ответ:
36
1) regretted
2) revealed
3) remained
4) registered
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 19–36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19–29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Соблюдайте нормы письменной речи, записывайте ответы аккуратно и разборчиво.
Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37 You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Emily:
From: Emily@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru
Subject: Children
…Next weekend my aunt is coming to my place together with all her children. What did you enjoy doing as a child? What was your favourite toy when you were a child? Do you think it is better for children to live in the city or in the countryside?
Last month I made some changes to the decoration of my room…
Write an email to Emily.
In your message:
– answer her questions;
– ask 3 questions about the changes she made in her room.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on why many teenagers in Zetland prefer to spend their summer holidays in a youth camp. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with going to a youth camp and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of summer youth camps.
38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what photos teenagers in Zetland post on the Internet most often. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with photography as a hobby and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of good quality photos posted by teenagers on the Internet.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
ВАРИАНТ 7
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. Gifts from young children bring joy.
2. Christmas day is nothing special.
3. Exotic location makes Christmas memorable.
4. Christmas is mainly about gift giving.
5. Adults could still enjoy some magic getting presents.
6. Christmas away from family can be enjoyable.
7. The bigger family, the bigger fun.
Говорящий / Утверждение
A
B
C
D
E
F
2 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. The registration at the leisure centre has time limits.
B. Jim doesn’t know how to organize his free time properly.
C. Jim doesn’t have any communication problems at school.
D. Jim has a background in sports.
E. Jim thinks most people enjoy books and movies.
F. Jim has no chance to find the necessary books in his library.
G. The classes Jim is interested in take place three times a week.
Утверждение / Соответствие диалогу
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3 What do we learn about Alyson at the beginning of the interview?
1) She is a college student.
2) She has published her first novel.
3) You can’t buy her books online.
Ответ:
4 How does Alyson feel when she sees her book in shops?
1) She still can’t believe it’s true.
2) She feels very proud of herself.
3) She wants to buy it for herself.
Ответ:
5 How did Alyson start to write?
1) She wrote poems for her classmates’ birthdays.
2) Her teacher at school gave the class weekly writing tasks.
3) She attended specialized writing school.
Ответ:
6 What does Alyson say about her college days?
1) She was surprised there was a college-wide literary contest.
2) She missed her school English teacher and classmates.
3) She kept on writing through them.
Ответ:
7 What does Alyson say about her literary prize at college?
1) It was not much money.
2) It was her first prize ever.
3) It made her feel like a writer.
Ответ:
8 The first advice from Alyson as a published writer for beginners is about …
1) readers.
2) criticism.
3) editors.
Ответ:
9 Why does Alyson believe that the scale of the first publication is not that important?
1) A smaller journal is preferable.
