Полная английская грамматика для школьников. Теория, практика, истории и словарь для закрепления материала

What is on the teacher’s desk?

Where is the chair in the classroom?

What can you see near the yard?

Where is the garden?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

on

behind

next to

between

behind

Exercise 2:

1—a, 2—a, 3—a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers):

The teacher’s desk is in front of the students in the classroom.

On the teacher’s desk, there is a notebook, a pen, and a book.

The chair is behind the desk in the classroom.

Near the yard, there is a playground with swings and slides.

The garden is behind the school building.

Mini Tips

Сначала найдите основной объект, потом добавьте предлог.

Для расположения предметов используйте in, on, under.

Для отношений между объектами используйте next to, between, in front of, behind, near.

The Present Continuous Tense

Grammar Focus

The Present Continuous tense (настоящее продолженное время) используется, чтобы говорить о действиях, которые происходят сейчас, в момент речи, или о временных ситуациях.

Формула:

Положительное предложение: subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

I am reading a book. – Я читаю книгу.

She is watching TV. – Она смотрит телевизор.

They are playing football. – Они играют в футбол.

Отрицание:

subject + am/is/are + not + verb + -ing

I am not sleeping. – Я не сплю.

He is not working. – Он не работает.

Вопрос:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

Are you studying English? – Ты учишь английский?

Is she reading a book? – Она читает книгу?

Совет: добавляйте -ing к основе глагола, но будьте внимательны с изменениями:

Если глагол оканчивается на -e, буква е исчезает: make → making.

Если короткий глагол с одной согласной после одной гласной, согласная удваивается: run → running.

Story

I am sitting at my desk and writing in my notebook. My friend is standing near the window and looking outside. The teacher is speaking and explaining the new lesson. Some students are listening carefully, and some are asking questions.

Outside the classroom, children are playing in the yard. They are running, laughing, and having fun. A group of students is playing football, and another group is swinging on the swings. The sun is shining, and birds are singing in the garden.

At home, my mother is cooking dinner, and my father is reading a newspaper. My sister is doing her homework, and my dog is sleeping on the sofa. Every day I am learning new things, and I am practicing English. Watching people and listening carefully helps me understand what is happening around me.

Useful Words and Expressions

present continuous – настоящее продолженное время

action – действие

now – сейчас

at the moment – в данный момент

sitting – сидит

standing – стоит

writing – пишет

reading – читает

listening – слушает

speaking – говорит

playing – играет

running – бегает

cooking – готовит

laughing – смеется

sleeping – спит

swinging – качается

happening – происходит

Exercises

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb

I ___ (write) in my notebook now.

She ___ (read) a book at the moment.

They ___ (play) football in the yard.

He ___ (not watch) TV.

We ___ (listen) to the teacher.

Exercise 2. Make questions

you / do / homework / now

he / play / computer games

she / read / newspaper

they / run / in the yard

the cat / sleep / on the sofa

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What is the narrator doing at the desk?

What are the children doing outside?

Who is cooking at home?

What is the dog doing?

How does the narrator learn English every day?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

am writing

is reading

are playing

is not watching

are listening

Exercise 2:

Are you doing homework now?

Is he playing computer games?

Is she reading the newspaper?

Are they running in the yard?

Is the cat sleeping on the sofa?

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers):

The narrator is writing in the notebook at the desk.

The children are playing, running, laughing, and swinging outside in the yard.

The narrator’s mother is cooking at home.

The dog is sleeping on the sofa.

The narrator learns English every day by watching people, listening carefully, and practicing new things.

Mini Tips

Используйте am/is/are + -ing для действий, которые происходят прямо сейчас.

В отрицаниях добавляйте not после am/is/are.

В вопросах am/is/are ставится перед подлежащим.

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Grammar Focus

Present Simple и Present Continuous часто используются вместе, но они выражают разные типы действий.

1. Present Simple

Говорит о регулярных действиях, привычках, расписаниях, общеизвестных фактах.

Формула: subject + verb (s/es) для he/she/it, verb для I/you/we/they.

Примеры:

I go to school every day. – Я хожу в школу каждый день.

She likes coffee. – Ей нравится кофе.

2. Present Continuous

Говорит о действиях, происходящих прямо сейчас, или о временных ситуациях.

Формула: subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing.

Примеры:

I am going to school now. – Я иду в школу сейчас.

She is drinking coffee at the moment. – Она пьет кофе в данный момент.

Сравнение:

Present Simple: I play football every Sunday. – привычка.

Present Continuous: I am playing football now. – действие прямо сейчас.

Present Simple: The sun rises in the east. – факт.

Present Continuous: The sun is shining now. – текущее состояние.

Совет: если говорите о привычках или расписаниях – Present Simple. Если действие происходит в момент речи – Present Continuous.

Story

I am a student. Every morning, I wake up at seven o’clock and eat breakfast. My mother makes breakfast, and my father drinks coffee. After breakfast, I walk to school with my friend. He goes the same way every day.

At school now, I am sitting in the classroom, and my friend is standing near the window. The teacher is explaining a new lesson, and some students are asking questions. I usually listen carefully, but today I am writing a lot of notes.

After lessons, we often play football in the yard. Today, my friends are running and are laughing on the playground. In the evening, I do my homework as usual, but now I am reading an interesting book. Learning English every day is important, and practicing now helps me feel confident.