ОГЭ. Английский язык

• portray – изображать – The author portrays the poverty and despair of the time.

• inner struggle – внутренняя борьба – The main character suffers from an inner struggle between guilt and pride.

• profound – глубокий – The book gives a profound insight into human psychology.

• empathy – сочувствие – Readers feel empathy for the character despite his crime.

• insight – понимание, прозрение – The novel provides deep insight into human nature.

Sample #1

Task 3. You are going to give a talk about reading books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10—12 sentences).

Remember to say:

• whether teenagers still read a lot / why or why not?;

• which kinds of books are your favourite to read;

• why many people choose e-books instead of printed books;

• what your attitude to reading is.

You have to talk continuously.

Today I’m going to give a talk about reading books.

I think, reading is not as popular with teenagers today as it used to be, because many young people prefer using smartphones, watching videos, or playing computer games. They often feel that reading takes too much time and requires more concentration. Moreover, social media and short online texts have replaced books for many teenagers. However, some young people still enjoy reading, especially when they find stories that reflect their interests or emotions.

To tell you the truth, I really enjoy reading adventure and fantasy books, because they take me to imaginary worlds and help me forget about everyday problems. For example, I like stories with brave heroes, unexpected twists, and exciting journeys. Moreover, such books develop my imagination and make me think creatively. That’s why I often choose fantasy or adventure novels when I have free time.

In my opinion, many people prefer e-books because they are easy to carry and store. You can keep hundreds of books on one device, which saves a lot of space. E-books are also convenient because you can buy and download them anytime without going to a shop. Besides, digital books often have useful features like adjustable font size, search tools, and built-in dictionaries.

Well, my attitude to reading is very positive. Reading helps people learn new things and improve their language skills. It can make you feel happier and less stressed by taking you into exciting stories. When people read, they can understand different cultures and ideas better. Plus, reading often can improve focus and memory over time.

That’s all I wanted to tell you about reading books. Thank you for listening.

Sample #2

Task 3. You are going to give a talk about reading books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10—12 sentences).

Remember to say:

• who your favorite writer is;

• what you like reading about;

• what you usually do in literature lessons;

• how old you were when you learned how to read.

You have to talk continuously.

Today I’m going to give a talk about reading books.

Honestly speaking, my favourite author is Alexander Pushkin. I admire his beautiful language and the way he combines romance, humour, and wisdom in his works. Pushkin is truly a classic of Russian literature.

Well, I like reading about different countries and cultures. Such books help me learn more about the world and understand people better. I also enjoy reading stories about friendship and real life.

In literature lessons, we usually read and discuss different books and poems. Our teacher explains the main ideas and helps us understand the characters. Sometimes we write essays or do creative projects about what we’ve read. Besides, we talk a lot about the heroes of the stories and their problems. We share our opinions and compare books with modern life. Sometimes we watch films based on famous novels, which makes lessons more interesting.

As far as I remember, I learned to read at the age of six, just before starting school. My teacher made the process interesting by using games and stories. At first, I read slowly, but I improved quickly with practice. Learning to read opened a new world for me.

That’s all I wanted to tell you about reading books. Thank you for listening.

Vocabulary Bank

• novel – роман – «War and Peace» is a very long novel.

• short story – рассказ – I like reading short stories before bed.

• poetry – поэзия – She enjoys modern poetry.

• fantasy – фэнтези – Harry Potter is a famous fantasy series.

• science fiction (sci-fi) – научная фантастика – Science fiction often explores life in space.

• detective story / crime fiction – детектив – He loves detective stories about brilliant detectives.

• mystery – мистический роман / загадка – This mystery novel kept me reading all night.

• thriller – триллер – Thrillers are exciting and full of suspense.

• romance – любовный роман – She prefers romance novels with happy endings.

• adventure story – приключенческая история – Children like adventure stories about pirates and treasure.

• historical novel – исторический роман – Historical novels give insight into past centuries.

• biography – биография – I am reading a biography of Steve Jobs.

• autobiography – автобиография – The writer’s autobiography was very inspiring.

• non-fiction – научно-популярная литература – Non-fiction books teach us facts about the world.

• fairy tale – сказка – Children love fairy tales before going to sleep.

• to read aloud – читать вслух – The teacher asked us to read aloud.

• to skim – бегло просматривать – I skimmed the article to get the main idea.

• to immerse oneself in a book – погружаться в книгу – I like to immerse myself in novels on weekends.

• chapter – глава – I finished the first chapter last night.

• page-turner – книга, которую невозможно отложить – That thriller was a real page-turner.

• hard to put down – трудно отложить – The mystery novel was hard to put down.

• borrow a book – взять книгу (в библиотеке) – I borrowed a book from the school library.

• e-book – электронная книга – I often read e-books on my phone.

• audiobook – аудиокнига – Audiobooks are great when you travel.

• library – библиотека – The library is full of useful resources.

• bookshop / bookstore – книжный магазин – I bought a new novel at the bookstore.

• bookshelf – книжная полка – Her bookshelf is full of classics.

• collection – коллекция – He has a collection of old poetry books.

• author – автор – Tolstoy is a famous Russian author.

• reader – читатель – Every reader finds something personal in a book.

• escape from reality – уйти от реальности – Reading helps me escape from reality for a while.

• relax the mind – расслабить ум – Books relax the mind after a busy day.

• spark the imagination – зажечь воображение – Fairy tales spark the imagination of children.

• create emotions – вызывать эмоции – Books create emotions that stay with us for years.

• memorable – запоминающийся – The ending of the novel was very memorable.

• captivating – захватывающий – It was a captivating adventure story.

• engaging – увлекательный – The detective story was very engaging.

• thought-provoking – наводящий на размышления – The novel was thought-provoking and philosophical.

• cherished hobby – любимое занятие – Reading is my cherished hobby.

• popular pastime – популярное времяпрепровождение – Reading remains a popular pastime all over the world.

• enjoy – наслаждаться – I enjoy reading in the evenings.

• admire – восхищаться – I admire authors who write about deep themes.

• be inspired by – быть вдохновленным – I was inspired by the biography I read.

• adventure in one’s mind – приключение в воображении – Every book is an adventure in one’s mind.

• hold a special place in one’s heart – занимать особое место в сердце – This novel holds a special place in my heart.

• gain knowledge – получать знания – Books help us gain knowledge about the world.

• educational – образовательный – Reading is both relaxing and educational.

• improve language skills – улучшать языковые навыки – Reading in English improves language skills.

• grow one’s vocabulary – расширять словарный запас – Every new book helps me grow my vocabulary.

• comprehension – понимание – Reading improves text comprehension.

• express thoughts clearly – ясно выражать мысли – Books teach us to express thoughts clearly.

• enhance imagination – развивать воображение – Reading enhances imagination and creativity.

• broaden horizons – расширять кругозор – Books broaden horizons and open new perspectives.

• insight into human nature – понимание человеческой природы – Classics give us insight into human nature.

• reflect on life – размышлять о жизни – Literature makes us reflect on life’s meaning.

• inner world – внутренний мир – Books enrich our inner world.

• reduce stress – снижать стресс – Reading in the evening helps reduce stress.

• improve focus – улучшать концентрацию – Regular reading improves focus and attention.

• valuable skill – ценный навык – Reading develops a valuable skill for study and work.

• lifelong learning – обучение всю жизнь – Reading supports lifelong learning.

• remain important – оставаться важным – Books will remain important in the future.

6. Sports. Keeping Fit

Why is doing sports popular?

Level A1-A2

Doing sports is popular for many reasons. First, it helps people stay healthy. When you exercise, your body becomes stronger, and you feel better. People who do sports regularly often have more energy and do not get sick as easily.

Second, sports are a fun way to spend time. Many people enjoy playing games like soccer, basketball, or tennis with friends. These activities are not only good for the body but also make people happy. Playing sports can be exciting and challenging, which makes it enjoyable.

Third, sports bring people together. When you are on a team, you work with others to win games. This helps build friendships and teaches teamwork. People from different backgrounds can come together through sports, making it a social activity that connects communities.

Lastly, there are many different kinds of sports, so everyone can find something they like. Some people prefer team sports, while others enjoy individual activities like running or swimming. No matter the choice, doing sports helps improve skills and gives a sense of achievement.

In summary, sports are popular because they promote health, provide fun, build social connections, and offer a wide variety of options for everyone to enjoy.

• stay healthy – оставаться здоровым – People try to eat well and exercise to stay healthy.

• get sick – заболеть – If you don’t dress warmly in winter, you can get sick.

• bring together – объединять – Sport can bring together people of different ages.

• no matter the choice – независимо от выбора – No matter the choice, reading always gives you new knowledge.

• sense of achievement – чувство достижения – Finishing a long book gives me a real sense of achievement.

Level A2-B1

Doing sports is popular for a variety of reasons, and its benefits are appealing to many people. First and foremost, sports help individuals maintain good physical health. Regular physical activity strengthens the body, improves heart function, and boosts overall fitness. It reduces the risk of chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Additionally, staying active through sports helps people manage their weight, build muscle, and increase flexibility.

Besides health benefits, sports are an enjoyable way to spend time. People often find pleasure and excitement in playing sports. Games and competitions can be thrilling, and achieving goals, like scoring in soccer or setting a personal best in running, brings satisfaction. The challenge that sports provide keeps them interesting, motivating people to improve their skills.

Social aspects also contribute to the popularity of sports. Playing on teams or in groups allows individuals to meet new people and form friendships. Sports build community spirit, bringing together families, friends, and even strangers. Collaborative sports teach important life skills such as teamwork, communication, and leadership. Moreover, there is a wide range of sports available, catering to different tastes and abilities. Some people prefer high-intensity activities like basketball or cycling, while others enjoy more relaxed sports such as swimming or walking. This variety ensures that everyone can find a sport they enjoy.

In conclusion, doing sports is popular because it promotes health, provides enjoyment, builds social bonds, and offers many choices to suit different preferences. These factors collectively make sports an integral part of many people’s lives.

• variety – разнообразие – A variety of activities can keep people motivated to exercise.

• benefit – польза – Regular workouts have many health benefits.

• appealing – привлекательный – Swimming is appealing because it is both fun and healthy.

• first and foremost – прежде всего – First and foremost, sport helps us stay healthy.

• individual – личность, индивидуальный – Every individual can choose the activity they like most.

• maintain good physical health – поддерживать хорошее физическое здоровье – Exercise helps maintain good physical health.

• strengthen ['streŋθ (ə) n] – укреплять – Yoga strengthens both the body and the mind.

• boost – повышать, усиливать – Running boosts your energy levels.

• reduce – снижать – Sport reduces stress and anxiety.

• chronic ['krɔnɪk] disease – хроническое заболевание – Exercise lowers the risk of chronic diseases.

• obesity [əʊ'bi:sɪti] – ожирение – Active children are less likely to suffer from obesity.

• diabetes [daɪə'bi:ti:z] – диабет – Sport can prevent diabetes by improving metabolism.

• heart disease – сердечное заболевание – Regular workouts decrease the risk of heart disease.

• additionally – кроме того – Additionally, sport improves sleep quality.

• manage weight – контролировать вес – Walking every day helps manage weight.

• increase flexibility – повышать гибкость – Stretching exercises increase flexibility.

• score – набирать очки / забивать гол – He scored the winning goal in the match.

• bring satisfaction – приносить удовлетворение – Achieving personal goals in sport brings satisfaction.

• contribute to – способствовать – Exercise contributes to better mental health.

• stranger – незнакомец – Sports events often bring together strangers who become friends.

• collaborative – совместный – Team sports encourage collaborative work.

• cater to – удовлетворять (потребности) – Fitness clubs cater to people of all ages.

• high-intensity – высокоинтенсивный – High-intensity training is effective for burning calories.

• ensure – обеспечивать, гарантировать – Good equipment ensures safe training.

• in conclusion – в заключение – In conclusion, sport is essential for a healthy life.

• promote – способствовать, продвигать – Governments should promote physical activity in schools.

• build social bonds – укреплять социальные связи – Playing football helps build social bonds between people.

• integral part – неотъемлемая часть – Sport is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

My favorite sport

#1

My favorite sport is basketball. It is a team sport where two teams of five players each try to score points by throwing a ball through the opponent’s hoop. I like basketball because it is fast-paced and exciting. You have to run, jump, and think quickly.

The game is played on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end. The players dribble the ball, pass it to teammates, and try to shoot it into the hoop. Each basket is worth two or three points, depending on where the player stands when shooting. The team with the most points at the end wins.

Basketball helps me stay fit and healthy. It builds my strength and improves my coordination. I also enjoy playing with friends. We work together as a team, and it is fun to see our hard work pay off. My favorite basketball player is LeBron James. He is very talented and works hard to be the best. Watching professional games is inspiring, and I learn new skills to try during practice.

Playing basketball makes me happy. It is a great way to relieve stress and enjoy time with friends. I hope to continue playing for many years.

• score points – набирать очки – In basketball, you score points by getting the ball through the hoop.

• opponent – соперник – Our opponents played very well in the final match.

• through the hoop – через кольцо – He threw the ball through the hoop from a long distance.

• fast-paced – динамичный, быстрый – Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires quick reactions.

• rectangular court – прямоугольная площадка – Basketball is usually played on a rectangular court.

• dribble – вести мяч (в баскетболе) – You must dribble the ball while moving.

• shoot – бросать мяч – He shot the ball and scored three points.

• be worth – стоить (иметь ценность, количество очков) – A shot from behind the three-point line is worth three points.

• improve one’s coordination – улучшать координацию – Playing basketball improves one’s coordination and reflexes.

• inspiring – вдохновляющий – The team’s inspiring performance motivated young players.

• relieve stress – снимать стресс – Playing basketball with friends helps relieve stress.

#2

My favorite sport is tennis. Tennis is a game played by two or four players. You play on a rectangular court with a net in the middle. The players use rackets to hit a small, yellow ball back and forth over the net.

I enjoy tennis because it is both fun and challenging. It requires quick thinking and fast movements. You need good hand-eye coordination to hit the ball correctly. Sometimes, the game is played indoors, but I prefer playing outside because I love the fresh air.

In tennis, each player tries to score points by hitting the ball where the opponent cannot return it. A match is usually played in sets, and you need to win six games to win a set. The player who wins the most sets wins the match.

Tennis is a great way to stay healthy and fit. It helps build strong muscles and improves balance. I also like that I can play tennis with a friend or join a club to meet new people.

My favorite tennis player is Serena Williams. She is strong and has won many championships. Watching her play inspires me to improve my skills. I always have a great time on the tennis court.

• rectangular court – прямоугольная площадка – Tennis is played on a rectangular court divided by a net.

• net – сетка – The ball must go over the net to stay in play.

• in the middle – посередине – The net stands in the middle of the court.

• racket – ракетка – Each player uses a racket to hit the ball.

• back-and-forth – туда-сюда, обмен ударами – The players hit the ball back-and-forth for several minutes.

• require – требовать – Tennis requires both physical strength and strategy.

• hand-eye coordination – координация глаз и рук – Badminton improves hand-eye coordination.

• set – сет (часть матча) – The match was decided in three sets.

• inspire – вдохновлять – Watching professional players can inspire young athletes to train harder.

#3

My favorite sport is gymnastics. I like it because it is beautiful, strong, and creative at the same time. In gymnastics, athletes use their whole body to show balance, power, and flexibility. There are many types of gymnastics, such as artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline. My favorite type is artistic gymnastics, where people perform on the floor, beam, bars, or rings.

When I watch gymnasts, I am always surprised by their control and focus. They jump, spin, and flip in the air, but they still land with a smile. It looks easy, but I know it takes many years of training. Gymnasts usually start when they are very young, because the body needs to be strong and flexible.

I like gymnastics because it combines sport and art. It is not only about being strong but also about showing elegance and style. The music, the costumes, and the movements together make a beautiful performance.

Gymnastics also teaches important life skills. It gives discipline, confidence, and courage. Even if you are not a professional, you can practice gymnastics to stay healthy and fit. That is why gymnastics is my favorite sport.

• athlete – спортсмен – The athlete trained for months before the competition.

• whole – целый, весь – The whole team supported the gymnast during her routine.

• flexibility – гибкость – Flexibility is very important in gymnastics.

• trampoline – батут – The gymnast jumped high on the trampoline.

• beam – бревно – She performed a difficult routine on the balance beam.

• bars – брусья – He trained on the parallel bars every day.

• rings – кольца – The athlete showed great strength on the rings.

• spin – вращаться – The gymnast did a perfect spin in the air.

• courage – смелость – It takes courage to perform in front of thousands of people.

• land – приземляться – The gymnast managed to land without mistakes.

• performance – выступление – Her performance was the best in the competition.

• confidence – уверенность – Confidence helps athletes show their skills under pressure.

Sample #1

Task 3. You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10—12 sentences).

Remember to say:

• what makes sport important in teenagers’ lives nowadays;

• what young people do to stay healthy and fit apart from sport;

• how you usually spend your free time;

• what your attitude to doing sports is.

You have to talk continuously.

Today I’m going to give a talk about keeping fit.

I believe, doing sport is very important for modern teenagers because it helps them stay healthy and strong. It also gives more energy and reduces stress from school. Sports teach teamwork and discipline, which are useful in life. Teenagers can make new friends while playing games together. Finally, sport keeps them away from bad habits and helps them spend time in a good way.