ОГЭ. Английский язык

Sure thing, traveling is much easier now than centuries ago. We have modern transportation like planes, trains, and cars, making journeys faster and more comfortable. Technology allows us to book tickets and hotels online quickly. With the internet, we can find maps and information about destinations easily. Communication is simpler too, as we can use phones and apps to stay in touch while traveling.

Frankly speaking, I would love to visit Latin America because of its rich culture and history. Countries like Mexico, Brazil, and Peru have amazing ancient sites and beautiful landscapes. The food in Latin America is delicious, with unique flavors and dishes to try. I am also excited to experience the music and dance, which are such an important part of the culture there.

Well, yes, I believe travelling is something really fantastic. I am a huge fan of history, so travelling lets me feel the vibe of those distant ages when I visit different historical sites.

That’s all I wanted to tell you about travelling. Thank you for listening.

Vocabulary Bank

• plane – самолёт – We travelled to Spain by plane.

• train – поезд – The train to Moscow takes four hours.

• bus – автобус – We went to the city by bus.

• car – машина – Travelling by car gives you more freedom.

• bicycle – велосипед – He went to school by bicycle.

• motorbike – мотоцикл – They travelled across Asia on a motorbike.

• ship – корабль – We crossed the sea by ship.

• ferry – паром – The ferry connects two islands.

• tram – трамвай – Trams are common in many European cities.

• underground / subway – метро – We took the underground to avoid traffic.

• on foot – пешком – We explored the old town on foot.

• taxi / cab – такси – We took a taxi to the airport.

• flight – авиарейс – The flight was delayed because of bad weather.

• boarding pass – посадочный талон – You need a boarding pass to get on the plane.

• luggage / baggage – багаж – She carried heavy luggage during the trip.

• journey – поездка, путешествие – The journey took three days.

• trip – поездка – We had a weekend trip to Paris.

• tour – тур, экскурсия – We booked a guided tour of the city.

• cruise – круиз – They went on a cruise in the Mediterranean.

• expedition – экспедиция – The expedition to the Arctic was dangerous.

• backpacking – путешествие с рюкзаком – Backpacking is popular among students.

• road trip – автопутешествие – We went on a road trip across Europe.

• package holiday – турпакет – We bought a package holiday to Turkey.

• business trip – командировка – He often goes on business trips.

• sightseeing tour – экскурсионная поездка – We joined a sightseeing tour of London.

• adventure travel – приключенческое путешествие – Adventure travel is for people who love challenges.

• cultural tourism – культурный туризм – Cultural tourism helps people learn about traditions.

• eco-tourism – экотуризм – Eco-tourism supports nature and local culture.

• domestic travel – внутренний туризм – Domestic travel is becoming more popular.

• international travel – международные путешествия – International travel requires a passport and visa.

• go sightseeing – осматривать достопримечательности – We went sightseeing in Rome.

• visit museums – посещать музеи – We visited museums during our trip to Paris.

• explore new places – исследовать новые места – She likes to explore new places while travelling.

• taste local cuisine – пробовать местную кухню – We tasted local cuisine in Italy.

• take photos – фотографировать – Tourists love to take photos of famous landmarks.

• go hiking – ходить в поход – We went hiking in the mountains.

• go camping – ходить в поход с палаткой – They went camping in the forest.

• go swimming – купаться – We went swimming in the lake.

• go diving / scuba diving – заниматься дайвингом – He went scuba diving in the Red Sea.

• go skiing – кататься на лыжах – We went skiing in the Alps.

• go shopping – ходить по магазинам – Tourists often go shopping in big cities.

• attend festivals – посещать фестивали – We attended a music festival in summer.

• join a guided tour – пойти на экскурсию с гидом – We joined a guided tour of the castle.

• visit historical sites – посещать исторические места – We visited historical sites in Greece.

• enjoy nightlife – наслаждаться ночной жизнью – Tourists enjoy the nightlife in Barcelona.

• destination – пункт назначения – Paris is a popular travel destination.

• landmark – достопримечательность – The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark.

• local traditions – местные традиции – We learned about local traditions in Japan.

• souvenir – сувенир – I bought a souvenir from London.

• map – карта – We used a map to find the hotel.

• guidebook – путеводитель – The guidebook was very helpful.

• passport – паспорт – You must have a passport for international travel.

• visa – виза – He applied for a visa to visit the USA.

• customs – таможня – We showed our luggage at customs.

• border – граница – We crossed the border by car.

• accommodation – жильё – We booked accommodation online.

• hotel – отель – They stayed in a five-star hotel.

• hostel – хостел – Students often stay in hostels when travelling.

• airport – аэропорт – The airport was crowded with tourists.

• ticket – билет – I bought a ticket for the train.

• adventure – приключение – Travelling is always an adventure.

• memories – воспоминания – Travelling creates wonderful memories.

• experience – опыт, впечатления – She had an amazing experience in Italy.

• comfort – комфорт – The hotel offered comfort and convenience.

• convenience – удобство – Online booking adds convenience to travelling.

• opportunity – возможность – Travelling abroad gives an opportunity to learn languages.

• relaxation – отдых – Holidays are a time for relaxation.

5. Reading

Why is reading popular?

Level A1-A2

Reading is popular because it is fun and helps people learn new things. Many people enjoy reading because it can make them feel like they are in another world. Books, magazines, and online articles can take you on adventures, teach you new skills, or tell exciting stories.

Reading also helps to relax the mind. It is a good way to relax after a busy day or to take a break from school or work. People can choose what to read based on what they like, such as fiction, mystery, science, or history.

Reading is also important for growing your vocabulary and improving language skills. It helps you understand words better and learn how to use them in sentences. People of all ages and backgrounds can enjoy reading, making it a popular hobby for many. Whether you are alone or with friends, reading is a wonderful way to spend your time.

• article – статья – I read an interesting article about space travel.

• new skill – новый навык – During the summer, I learned a new skill – painting.

• relax the mind – расслабить ум – Reading before bed helps relax the mind.

• fiction – художественная литература – She prefers fiction to non-fiction books.

• mystery – детектив, загадка – I enjoy reading mystery novels in my free time.

• science – наука – Science books can be both educational and exciting.

• grow one’s vocabulary – расширять словарный запас – Reading in English helps me grow my vocabulary.

• improve language skills – улучшать языковые навыки – Watching films with subtitles can improve language skills.

• background – 1) фон, обстановка; 2) происхождение – 1) He read against the background of quiet music. 2) She comes from a cultural background that values reading.

• whether – ли, будь то – I don’t know whether to read a novel or a magazine today.

Level A2-B1

Reading is popular for several reasons. Firstly, it provides a wonderful escape from everyday life. When you read a book, you can immerse yourself in different worlds and experience adventures that you may not find in reality. This ability to transport yourself through stories makes reading an exciting and enjoyable activity.

Secondly, reading is an excellent way to learn and gain knowledge. Whether you are interested in science, history, or fantasy, books offer information and insights into various topics, helping to expand your understanding of the world.

Moreover, reading improves language skills, including vocabulary, comprehension, and writing. By reading regularly, people can enhance their ability to express thoughts clearly and understand complex ideas.

Lastly, reading can be a calming and relaxing activity. It offers a quiet moment in a busy world, allowing people to unwind and reduce stress. Because of these benefits, reading remains a cherished and popular pastime for many.

• for several reasons – по нескольким причинам – Reading is important for several reasons.

• escape from everyday life – уйти от повседневной жизни – Books help us escape from everyday life.

• immerse oneself – погружаться – She loves to immerse herself in fantasy stories.

• excellent – отличный – Reading is an excellent way to relax.

• gain knowledge – получать знания – Through books, we can gain knowledge about history and science.

• insight into various topics – понимание разных тем – Articles give us insight into various topics.

• expand understanding – расширять понимание – Reading foreign literature helps expand understanding of cultures.

• moreover – более того – Reading is fun; moreover, it is educational.

• vocabulary – словарный запас – Reading in English helps me grow my vocabulary.

• comprehension – понимание (текста) – Regular reading improves text comprehension.

• enhance – улучшать, усиливать – Reading enhances our imagination and creativity.

• express thoughts clearly – ясно выражать мысли – Books teach us to express thoughts clearly.

• complex – сложный – He likes reading complex novels with deep ideas.

• unwind [ʌn’waɪnd] – расслабиться – She reads poetry in the evening to unwind.

• reduce stress – снижать стресс – Reading before sleep can reduce stress.

• benefit – польза, выгода – One benefit of reading is better memory.

• remain – оставаться – Reading will always remain an important part of education.

• cherished – любимый, ценный – For me, reading is a cherished habit.

• popular pastime – популярное времяпрепровождение – Reading is still a popular pastime around the world.

My favorite book

Level A1-A2

Harry Potter is one of my favorite books because it tells a magical story about a young wizard named Harry. Harry lives with his mean aunt and uncle until he receives a letter inviting him to attend Hogwarts, a school for wizards. At Hogwarts, Harry makes great friends like Ron and Hermione, and together they go on exciting adventures. They learn spells and discover secrets about the magical world.

The story of Harry Potter is very exciting because it is full of mystery and surprises. Every chapter brings new challenges and fun experiences. Harry is brave and kind, which makes him a hero that many readers admire. The book teaches important lessons about friendship, courage, and doing the right thing. It captures the imagination and shows a world where magic can be real. That’s why Harry Potter remains a favorite for many people, including me.

• wizard – волшебник – The wizard cast a powerful spell.

• mean – злой – In the story, the mean giant tried to scare the villagers.

• attend – посещать – The young wizard had to attend a special magic school.

• go on an exciting adventure – отправиться в увлекательное приключение – The heroes went on an exciting adventure through the forest.

• spell – заклинание – She learned a new spell from her magic book.

• mystery – тайна, загадка – The detective solved the mystery in the last chapter.

• chapter – глава – I read three chapters of the novel before bed.

• admire – восхищаться – Children admire brave and kind characters in stories.

• courage – смелость, храбрость – It takes courage to fight for what is right.

• do the right thing – поступить правильно – The hero always tries to do the right thing.

• capture the imagination – захватывать воображение – The fantasy story captured the imagination of millions of readers.

• remain – оставаться – This book will remain one of my favourites forever.

• including – включая – The collection contains many stories, including mysteries and adventures.

Level A2-B1

One of my favorite books is «The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes» by Arthur Conan Doyle. This collection of stories follows the brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes and his loyal friend Dr. John Watson as they solve intriguing mysteries in London. Holmes is known for his incredible powers of observation and deduction, which allow him to unravel even the most complex cases.

What I love most about Sherlock Holmes is his unique character. He is logical, intelligent, and often unconventional in his methods. His ability to notice details that others overlook and connect clues in unexpected ways makes each story engaging and suspenseful. Dr. Watson, who narrates the stories, provides a perfect balance with his warmth and admiration for Holmes.

The stories explore various themes such as justice, morality, and the human psyche. Each adventure is distinct, filled with twists and turns that keep readers on the edge of their seats. The Victorian-era setting adds charm and richness to the atmosphere, making the stories even more captivating.

Ultimately, «The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes» offers not only thrilling mysteries but also insights into the detective’s complex mind. This combination of intrigue and character depth is why this book holds a special place in my heart.

• follow – следовать, идти за – Millions of readers follow the adventures of this detective.

• brilliant detective – блестящий детектив – Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant detective known worldwide.

• loyal friend – преданный друг – Every hero needs a loyal friend to support him.

• solve an intriguing mystery – раскрыть увлекательную тайну – The detective managed to solve an intriguing mystery.

• be known for – быть известным чем-то – This writer is known for creating suspenseful plots.

• power – сила, могущество – The power of logic can reveal the truth.

• observation – наблюдательность – His sharp observation helped him notice the smallest details.

• deduction – дедукция, умозаключение – Holmes used deduction to explain the crime.

• allow – позволять – Good memory allows detectives to connect facts quickly.

• unravel – распутывать – The inspector tried to unravel the complex case.

• complex case – сложное дело – The police called him to work on a complex case.

• unconventional – нестандартный – He often used unconventional methods to catch criminals.

• ability – способность – His ability to notice details impressed everyone.

• notice details – замечать детали – Only an attentive person can notice details others overlook.

• overlook – упустить из виду – The police overlooked a very important clue.

• clue – улика – One small clue helped solve the whole case.

• expected – ожидаемый – The ending was different from what readers expected.

• engaging – увлекательный – It was an engaging story full of secrets.

• suspenseful – напряжённый, полный интриги – The novel was suspenseful and kept readers guessing.

• narrate a story – рассказывать историю – Dr. Watson narrates a story about Holmes’s adventures.

• warmth – тепло – His loyal friend treated him with warmth and respect.

• admiration – восхищение – The public showed admiration for the detective’s skills.

• explore – исследовать, изучать – Detective novels explore justice and morality.

• justice – справедливость – The detective always fought for justice.

• morality – мораль, нравственность – Detective stories often raise questions of morality.

• human psyche ['saɪkɪ] – человеческая психика – Writers explore the human psyche in crime fiction.

• distinct – отчётливый, особенный – Holmes had a distinct style of solving cases.

• be filled with – быть наполненным – The story was filled with twists and turns.

• twists and turns – повороты сюжета – The novel had many unexpected twists and turns.

• keep smb on the edge of their seats – держать в напряжении – The suspense kept readers on the edge of their seats.

• Victorian-era setting – обстановка викторианской эпохи – The Victorian-era setting added charm to the stories.

• add charm – добавлять очарования – London fog added charm to the mystery.

• richness – богатство (сюжета, языка) – The richness of the narrative amazed the readers.

• captivating – захватывающий – It was a captivating detective novel.

• ultimately – в конечном счёте – Ultimately, truth always comes to light.

• thrilling – захватывающий, волнующий – The case turned into a thrilling adventure.

• insight into – понимание, взгляд на – The novel gave an insight into human psychology.

• depth – глубина – His characters had emotional depth.

• hold a special place in one’s heart – занимать особое место в сердце – These detective stories hold a special place in my heart.

My favorite writer

Level A1-A2

J.K. Rowling is my favorite writer because she created the magical world of Harry Potter. Her books have inspired millions of readers around the world. Rowling’s writing style is simple yet captivating, making it easy for people of all ages to enjoy her stories.

She is very talented in creating memorable characters like Harry, Hermione, and Ron who feel like real friends. The Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, where much of the story takes place, is filled with exciting details that spark the imagination.

What I admire most about J.K. Rowling is her journey as a writer. She faced many challenges before becoming successful, but she never gave up on her dreams. Her story encourages people to believe in themselves and chase their dreams no matter how difficult it might seem. Rowling’s creativity and perseverance make her an inspiring writer and a great role model.

• inspire – вдохновлять – Good teachers can inspire students to love learning.

• captivating – захватывающий – It was a captivating story that kept everyone interested.

• memorable – запоминающийся – Our school trip to London was a memorable experience.

• take place – происходить, иметь место – The concert will take place next Saturday.

• spark the imagination – зажечь воображение – Fairy tales spark the imagination of children.

• admire – восхищаться – I admire people who never give up on their dreams.

• face – сталкиваться с – She had to face many challenges before she succeeded.

• give up on – отказаться от, перестать верить в – He never gave up on his dream of becoming a doctor.

• encourage – поощрять, поддерживать – Parents should encourage children to be creative.

• chase one’s dream – преследовать свою мечту – She moved to another country to chase her dream.

• creativity – креативность, творческий подход – Art classes help develop children’s creativity.

• perseverance – настойчивость, упорство – With hard work and perseverance, you can achieve anything.

• role model – образец для подражания – My elder brother is my role model because he is hardworking and kind.

Level A2-B1

Fyodor Dostoevsky is my favorite writer because his novels explore deep and meaningful themes. He is well-known for writing about the complexities of human nature and the struggles of life. Dostoevsky’s stories often explore topics like morality, faith, and the human psyche.

One of his most famous novels, «Crime and Punishment,» tells the story of a young man named Raskolnikov who is conflicted about committing a crime. The book delves into his thoughts and emotions, making readers reflect on the nature of good and evil. This novel, like many of Dostoevsky’s works, showcases his ability to create multi-dimensional characters who feel real and relatable.

Dostoevsky’s writing is both thought-provoking and challenging. He encourages readers to think deeply about life and the choices people make. His characters often face difficult situations, and he skillfully portrays their inner struggles and conflicts.

What makes Dostoevsky special to me is his profound understanding of the human condition. He writes with empathy and insight, inviting readers to explore the complexities of life. His novels, filled with intense emotions and philosophical questions, continue to captivate and inspire readers around the world. This depth and richness are why Dostoevsky remains my favorite writer.

• deep and meaningful themes – глубокие и значимые темы – The novel explores deep and meaningful themes of justice and morality.

• well-known for – хорошо известен чем-то – Dostoevsky is well-known for his psychological novels.

• complexity – сложность – The complexity of the characters makes the book unique.

• human nature – человеческая природа – Great writers often study human nature in their works.

• struggles of life – жизненные трудности – The story shows the struggles of life in the 19th century.

• Crime and Punishment – «Преступление и наказание» – «Crime and Punishment» is one of the most famous Russian novels.

• commit a crime – совершить преступление – The main character decides to commit a crime.

• delve into – углубляться в – The book delves into the psychology of guilt and redemption.

• thought – мысль – The author’s main thought is about responsibility for one’s actions.

• reflect on – размышлять о – The novel makes readers reflect on morality and justice.

• nature of good and evil – природа добра и зла – The writer examines the nature of good and evil in society.

• showcase – демонстрировать – The author showcases the conflict between morality and ambition.

• multi-dimensional – многогранный – The characters are multi-dimensional and feel real.

• relatable – близкий, понятный читателю – Even today, the hero’s inner struggle is relatable.

• thought-provoking – наводящий на размышления – It is a thought-provoking novel that challenges the reader.

• skillfully – умело – The writer skillfully portrays the complexity of human emotions.