Читай Как Native. Гайд по чтению английских слов

found, tout, pound,

round, cloud, couch,

mound, ground, mouth,

pouch, slouch, lounge,

bout, foul, ouch, oust,

noun, proud, doubt [daʊt],

mouse, bound, douse, found,

vouch, rouse, scrounge, scout

Исключение: soul –> [soʊl]

Обратите внимание, что house и mouse читаются с буквой [s]. Есть менее частотные souse, douse. Это нестандартное чтение буквы s в такой позиции.

Ex. 11.1. Прочтите пары слов.

loud – load

scout – Scot

tout – stoat

shout – shot

hour – roam

vouch – broach

round – road

couch – coach

out – ought

house – cause

loud – lose –> [lu:z]

douse – duce

rout – rude

mound – mood

proud – probe

souse – sauce

found – fought

sound – sought

lounge – launch

scout – scotch

douse – doze

bounce – boss

mouse – moose [s]

mouth – sooth

Ex. 11.2. Прочтите словосочетания.

run out

no count

big house

loud sound

deep south

soft couch

round ball

loud shout

small cloud

wide mouth

proud man

no doubt

foul play

main noun

new lounge

ball bounce

Ex. 11.3. Прочтите слова с диграфом ow как [aʊ] или [oʊ].

[aʊ]:

vow, row,

owl, growl,

clown, crown,

prowl, down,

now, town

[oʊ]:

tow, bow,

trow, throw,

shown, thrown,

show, grown,

low, know

Нет системы, которая бы говорила, какие сочетания букв дают [aʊ], а какие [oʊ].

Ex. 11.4. Прочтите пары слов.

bow – brawl

show – shaw

know – now

low – law

bow – row

trow – owl

shown – growl

thrown – crown

grown – town

show – now

Ирония в том, что bow и row можно прочитать обоими способами в зависимости от значения слова.

Диграфы oi, oy

Диграфы oi, oy читаются [oɪ]

Ex. 12. Прочтите слова с диграфом oi.

oil – coil

soil – toil

coin – boil

hoist – foist

choice – noise [z]

voice – void

noise – foist

point – joint

hoist – hight

Ex. 12.1. Прочтите. Не забывайте, что диграф oy дает дифтонг [oɪ], а не [oj].

boy – hoy

joy – toy

soy – coy

cloy – ploy

soy – cloy – boy

toy – joy – ploy

hoy – coy – pay

toil – oil – join

noise – roil – soil

hoist – joist – moist

moil – mail

void – wait

join – Jane

toy – tail

voice – vice

ploy – play

oil – may

joy – J

Чтение артикля the

– перед согласными звуками the читается [ðə]:

the pen –> [ðə'pen]

the look –> [ðə'lʊk]

the rent –> [ðə'rent]

– перед гласными звуками the читается [ði:]:

the end –> [ði:'end]

the oath –> [ði:'oʊθ]

the hour –> [ði:'aʊr]

– перед гласной буквой или буквосочетанием, которые содержат звук [j], артикль читается [ðə]:

the young –> [ðə:'jʌŋ]

the use –> [ðə:'ju:s]

(существительное use читается через [s], глагол use читается через [z])

– чтение артикля the определяется звуком, стоящим сразу после него, а не первым звуком определяемого слова:

The right act. Артикль читается [ðə]

The end point. Артикль читается [ði:]

The young man. Артикль читается [ðə]

– артикль читается вместе со словом, создавая дополнительный слог, как мы это могли наблюдать с артиклями a, an:

an act –> [ən'ækt]

a pact –> [ə'pækt]

the act –> [ði:'ækt]

the pact –> [ðə'pækt]

The редко ставится под ударение в предложении, за исключением выделения этого слова в предложении, когда нужно сказать "тот самый":

Give me THE book!

Если человек, к примеру, не понял о какой книге идет речь, то говорящий акцентирует внимание на "той самой книге". Здесь уместно поставить ударение на артикле the.

Часто люди говорят [ði:] на эмоциях, или интуитивно желая придать большего внимания конкретному слову.

Сначала нужно понять правила, указанное выше, а затем факт, что люди не всегда следуют правилам. Чем больше Вы слушаете англоговорящих, тем понятнее становится выбор в той или иной ситуации. Тем не менее, правила доминируют, и лучше опираться на них.

Ex. 13. Прочтите подсказки по линковке. Затем прочтите артикль the как [ði:] или [ðə] во фразах.

Важно учиться линковать артикль со словами для беглости речи. Например:

with a –> ['wɪðə]

the town –> [ðə'taʊn]

Старайтесь линковать слова ДО артикля и ПОСЛЕ:

with a pillow –> [wɪðəˈpɪloʊ]

Запомните чтение двусложных слов:

pillow –> [ˈpɪloʊ]

palace –> ['pæləs]

apple –> ['æpəl]

maple –> ['meɪpəl]

the boy with a toy

the clown with a crown

the cook with a stoop

the house with a lounge

the couch with a pillow

the bright day in May

the house and the palace

the scout and the boy

the town and the crown

the soil and the ground

the hawk and the owl

the apple and the maple

С двусложными словами Вы познакомитесь в Модуле 5.

Ex. 13.1. Прочтите предложения.

This hood suits you well.

The new tooth is great.

I hate loud noise.

Do not buy cheap clay.

That's [ðæts] a good choice.

Let's [lets] go to the sea coast.

You need to know what is a weak ref.

Deep snow in the town.

It is a blue mood.

You got good wood.

suits –> [su:ts] (грамматическое окончание, дождитесь Модуля 7)

О сокращениях that's и let's сказано в Модуле 9.

Закрепляем пройденное

Вы можете редуцировать предлог to [tu:] вплоть до [tə] и произносить слитно со следующим словом:

to paint –> [tə'peɪnt]

to use –> [tə'ju:z] (глагол)

Ex. 14. Прочтите предложения с диграфами.

I bought a new loom.

What is a main jail?

He took aim so fast.

You know what to do.

You have to use blue paint to paint the wall.

Boil raw meat and then bake it.

Each toy in this place is cheap!

I want you to clean the seat now!

He had a wool goat but sold it last month.

Calm down and go out of the house.

She has a low voice. I like it.

It can make low flow.

Soothe and heal.

His son is a shrewd boy.

Good soil to plant a plant.

Show the boat to them right now.

You need to boot up the app on your phone.

Plant lawn grass on such a site is a risk.

A round cloud in the sky flew slow.

He is proud with his own toy.

The hawk has strong wings.

Ex. 15. Прочтите слова, практикуя чтение диграфов.

tree, three, please, pause, false,

true, spray, mine, knelt, rice, real,

line, paint, rent, cloak, fog, cage,

fridge, suit, hog, rye, read, ray,

scree, nay, screen, roam, boom,

lie, hey, spruit, rout, breeze,

snooze, dye, wail, sue, tie,

waive, wait, cleave, bread,

taint, reeve, due, knew, jail,

foe, pie, rail, sneeze, poach,

gain, blue, cruise, house, glow,

fruit, bow, bounce, throw, dye,

Greek, fox, stay, mail, jail, raid,

toy, woo, loo, go, snooze, mouth,

mount, draw, claw, brawl, sprawl, flee

Ex. 15.1. Прочтите пары слов с разными диграфами.

doe – oath

toe – toast

no – naught

so – sought

rue – fruit

cue – cruise

sue – sluice

mew – mouse

grow – grew

crow – crew

flow – threw

chose – chew

road – deuce

slot – sleuth

ounce – bounce

vouch – pouch

lounge – browse

raise – tease

please – pause

cause – was

say – pay

play – day

fay – lay

tie – nay

see – sea

tie – tea

to – too

lie – pew

Ex. 15.2. Прочтите цепочки слов с разными диграфами, открытыми и закрытыми слогами.

mete – need – read – plead

meat – meet – heat – breeze

theme – them – seem – wren

these – those – this – freeze

veal – weal – wheel – nil

tin – ton – wing – pong

teen – tilt – new – quilt

wheel – lid – weald – knit

beach – queen – reach – aim

bench – nay – leap – May

now – go – know – low

know – how – fall – snow

sneeze – soothe – snooze – neath

scene – saw – screen – steam

seal – shed – sheep – sheet

have – hawk – had – hid

they – ale – drey – tape

they – same – vail – tale

toy – toil – soy – soil

boy – boil – cloy – nil

loo – too – zoo – good

soothe – smooth – muse – use

nooze – fuse – use – snooze

loom – room – plume – rude

groove – move – lose – rule

swoon – swan – loom – sloop

squaw – straw – shaw – law

loud – scout – clown – brown

pounce – launch – lounge – fledge

wood – good – boom – foot

shook – took – look – book

town – road – boat – row

when – whole – hole – which

while – wine – white – quite

whale – wake – why – wise

Ex. 16. Прочтите предложения.

Shall we dance?

We talk and walk.

I thought you new it.

What will you say to me?

Hey, man! I can help you do it.

They need to be on time!

They gave no trust.

They aim well.

He will not gain weight.

That snail is slow.

They sail fast.

I claim this.

He may fail.

He is in jail.

He paid the fee.

The plain is wide.

They waive the fee.

The train was quick.

I see you.

Count to eight.

The week is long.

He will meet him soon.

The cake is sweet.

That tree is tall.

Count to three.

Keep it safe.

We eat beef.

He gave a speech.

The grass is green

She is keen to do it.

Ex. 16.1. Прочтите предложения.

I teach math.

Please sit down.

Her room is neat.

The peach is sweet.

This toy is cheap.

I read a book.

Do not cheat.

Take a seat.

It is a good deal.

The sea is blue.

We eat meat.

We eat rice.

I drink tea.

Do not steal.

I dream at night.

This is real gold.

The peak is high.

Veal is soft meat.

We like ice cream.

They spoke the least.

A heap of sand on the beach.

Ex. 16.2. Прочтите предложения.

I read fast.

I eat bread.

He took an oath.

The thread is red.

Spread jam on bread.

The field is green.

Hold this shield!

A thief ran fast.

The chief spoke.

I want a piece.

Move fast!

It is cold.

Put on a coat.

Wash with soap.

The oak is tall.

The road is long.

We walk the coast.

He bought a new book.

The line will skew.

The view is nice.

Dew is on grass.

The wind blew.

She knew it.

The tree grew.

The stew is hot.

She threw a ball.

They brew the tea.

She is quick.

I drink juice.

They eat fruit.

We built a house.

He came in a guise.

That is a nice suit.

The cruise was long.

This is a great guide.

A few came.

It is so true.

The sky is blue.

They had a duel.

Chew the food.

They will sue him.

The feud was long.

Joe found a clue.

Jazz and blues.

Due to it.

Ex. 16.3. Прочтите предложения.

Come join us!

Coy and quiet.

Hoy! Watch out.

Play with a toy.

This boy is fast.

She felt great joy.

He bought a new toy.

She was shy and coy.

That was just a ploy.

Hoist the flag up high.

The cake is still moist.

Soy milk is great in it.

That noise woke them up.

You need to pay the bill.

Add the sauce.

He took a pause.

The hawk flew high.

She can draw so well.

I was on a great trip.

That man caught a fish.

They fought in the game.

He brought a gift to them.

She taught me how to swim.

The ice will thaw in the sun.

The steep hill did not daunt us.

They will launch the new rocket.

rocket –> ['rɒkət]

We drove south.

The house is big.

The ball is round.

A rout in the game.

Play on the ground.

The song is too loud.

They lounge in the sun.

Sit on the couch and read.

I doubt he will come –> [kʌm].

The ball will bounce off the wall.

They pound the dough to bake bread.

This man found a coin on the street.

FINISH!

Один из способов справиться с разнообразием написания слов в английской орфографии – понять и простить.

Нужно дать психике адаптироваться к тому, как устроена английская орфография. И тогда эти буквы, эти слова, диграфы, тетраграфы, все они станут Вашими.

Английский неизбежно станет вторым языком при упорных занятиях. Осознайте, что он – не иностранный язык. Язык не закреплен за определенным народом. Он и Ваш тоже, относитесь к нему как к своему.

Модуль 4. Односложное Слово с R

Звуки [a:r], [ɔ:r], [ə:], [ə:r]

Если Вы добросовестно занимались прошлые Модули, то освоить эти звукосочетания не составит труда. Но стоит повторить звуки [a:] и [ɔ:].

[a:r] – сочетание [a:] и [r]. Длинный, глубокий звук.

[ɔ:r] – сочетание [ɔ:] и [r]. Длинный, глубокий звук.

[ə:] – гортанное, глубокое произношение буквы ё в словах типа Гёте, мёд.

[ə:r] – объединение [ə:] и [r] в один, единый, длинный, глубокий звук. Выделю эту мысль еще раз: [ə:r] – это именно объединение звуков [ə:] и [r].

Не переживайте, если сразу не получится воспроизвести [ə:r]. Если сложно, попробуйте тянуть одну букву r, чтобы поймать это ощущение.

Звуки [a:r], [ɔ:r], [ə:], [ə:r] в британском английском

Для британского английского характерна смазанная, еле заметная буква r в звуках, указанных выше.

Если не вдаваться во все особенности акцентов на территории Великобритании и максимально упростить, то звук [r] в британской версии английского отсутствует в вышеописанных звуках, и Вам достаточно произносить длинные гласные [a:], [ɔ:], [ə:].

На этом моменте желательно определиться с диалектом, если Вы не сделали этого раньше.

Эта книга универсальна и подойдет для всех. Однако, про отличия диалектов еще будет сказано. Но они не будут столь заметными.

Чтение ar

Ex. 1. Прочтите ar как [a:r].

part, park, dart,

art, car, bar, far,

arm, far, charm, star,

card, cart, carp, starch,

dark, char, barn, spar,

scarf, yard, hard, are,

spark, jar, March, harp,

yarn, arc, tarp, sharp,

carp, start, barge,

bard, smart

Ex. 1.1. Прочтите пары слов.

scape – scarf

cape – cart

spy – spar

pie – park

take – dark

high – hard

make – spark

state – start

bench – barge

mage – March

boat – bard

cap – card

far – tart

cup – cart

mat – smart

cup – harp

cop – carp

made – ark

cud – yard

us – art

bun – barn

hiss – harsh

gull – large

shut – charge

thank – start

bank – bard

up – arm

Ex. 1.2. Прочтите предложения.

Play his part.

He threw a dart.

Meet in the park.

They love fine art.

She drove the car.

Phil sat in the bar.

The place was far.

He saw a star.

She is so smart!

She made a start.

They drew an arc.

The room was dark.

Put a cap in a cart.

The boy caught a carp.

The bad bard in the park.

You had a hard day, I think.

Do you want to get the badge and barge?

You have got a darn good site!

Get the card and park.

Same day, same farm.

What a charm!

Make a spark.

This is a car park.

Take the scarf and go.

What a nice day in March!

It is dark. Take a light with you.

She is a star. She has a nice car.

Чтение or, ore, our, oar, war

Ex. 2. Прочтите or как [ɔ:r] в словах, фразах и предложениях.

sort, forge, port,

sport, horn, form,

fork, norm, horse,

scorn, cord, ford,

gorge, pork, form,

or, stork, storm,

corn, for, lord,

borne, thorn,

torch, shorn,

porch, chord –> [kɔ:rd],

orb, sword –> [sɔ:rd],

nor, short,

cort, north,

scorch, force,

orc, horn

play a chord

draw the sword

eat with a fork

reach the port

at the forge

cook pork

ride a horse

cross the ford

hold the torch

sit on the porch

Nor day nor night.

The orb was bright.

They use great force.

The crew will sail north.

Слова coarse, course, horse и подобные, читаются со звуком [s] на конце.

Ex. 2.1. Прочтите цепочки слов и пары слов.

spot – score – sport

loop – form – phone

stoke – paw – orc

foe – sort – toe

sword – lord – orb

porch – torch – oak

nope – north – ford

prose – for – boat

orc – pork

fork – cort

hope – broth

porch – storm

lounge – gorge

Ex. 2.2. Прочтите ore, our, oar как [ɔ:r].

core, snore,

shore, score,

more, ore, bore,

lore, tore, chore,

store, shore, swore,

fore, wore, horse,

bourn, course,

fourth, your,

pour, court,

yours, four

oar, roar,

coarse, soar,

board, hoarse

Однако:

hour, sour,

our, flour,

lour, scour, stour

читаются через [aʊər] или [aʊr]

[aʊr] – редуцированная форма

Слова door, floor читаются со звуком [ɔ:r]

Ex. 2.3. Прочтите пары слов.

scope – score

flap – floor

cope – core

dap – door

map – more

shop – shore

cheap – chore

please – pour

youth – your

core – court

barn – bourn

start – store

four – fore

for – tore

no – soar

go – foe

Ex. 2.4. Прочтите предложения.

Pour more wine.

I need more ore.

Sweet to the core.

He was the fourth.

They met in court.

You can score four.

The man held an oar.

She heard a snore.

He found the bourn.

They ran the course.

The book is yours [z].

They build a board.

The road was coarse.

His voice was hoarse.

The beast gave a roar.

If you wait an hour,

the taste will be a bit sour.

Bring what you need on board.

At home I had a lot of [ɒv] chores [z].

It is our choice to bake with this flour.

She doesn't need to open the fourth store.

I find it coarse – I don't like the course.

In the store I bought a game with a good lore.

I ride my horse three to four times [z] a week.

Пояснения:

– yours –> [yɔ:rz]

– times –> [taɪmz]

– chores –> [tʃɔ:rz]

(читайте Модуль 7)

– doesn't –> ['dʌzənt] (= does not)

– don't –> [doʊnt] (= do not)

(читайте Модуль 9)

– предлог of читается [ɒv] в полном виде, изолированно. Но часто встречается именно редуцированная форма [əv]. Далее об этом предлоге еще будет сказано.

Ex. 2.5. Прочтите war как [wɔ:r] в словах ниже.

war – warm

warb – quart

warp – dwarf

warn – swarm

wart – warmth

ward – court

Ex. 2.6. Прочтите пары слов.

war – more

warm – bourn

ward – word

quart – start

warmth – nard

swarm – sworn

warb – board

wart – tart

Чтение er, ir, yr, ur, ear, wor

e, i, y, u, + r читается [ə:r]

ea + r + согласная читается [ə:r]

Ex. 3. Прочтите.

first, earth, earn,

heard, serve, her,

third, fur, curl,

surd, turk, turn,

spirt, blur, herb,

fern, term, jerk,

nurse, urge, verb,

perch, mirch, skirt,

merge, church, therm,

verse, blurb, firm,

stern, spurn, serf,

burn, burst, churn,

curb, lurk, murk,

slur, spurt, surf,

nerd, thirst, twerk,

pert, were, perk, erst,

birth, shirt, twirl, swirl,

sir, err, fyrd, myrrh,

pearl, search, learn,

girl, per, purr,

whirl, chirp

Ex. 3.1. Прочтите пары слов.

stem – term

march – merge

march – mirch

midge – church

serf – surf

err – erst

sir – first

her – score

form – firm

sport – spirt

switch – twerk

wrist – thirst

wore – were

snore – spur

store – serve

wore – turn

Ex. 3.2. Прочтите предложения.

This is her turn.

The Earth is round.

We were with the girl.

He came first in the race.

She is a nerd.

I heard a song.

Search for a pearl.

They serve food at noon.

This is her bag.

It is a hard verb.

The cat has soft fur.

He has a good firm, sir.

He made a quick jerk.

Mint is a green herb.

No blur for the game.

That girl is tall.

I urge you to try.

The bird sat on the perch.

The book has a short blurb.

The school [sku:l] term ends [z] soon.

The ground is firm.

They search for gold.

She did a quick twirl.

The fire will burn wood.

Girls in high school wear [weər] beige skirts and shirts. She wore a red skirt. He wore a blue shirt.

girls –> [gə:rlz]

skirts –> [skə:rts]

shirts –> [ʃə:rts]

(см. Модуль 7)

Ex. 3.3. Прочтите wor как [wə:r].

work – world – word

worm – worth – worse

worn – worst – warm

war – farm – work

worm – worn – wore

arm – worth – north

ward – word – world

worn – corn – curl

course – church – chore

burst – worst – thirst

warmth – warn – learn

urge – court – worse

shore – err – pour

world –> ['wə:rəld] (фактически – двусложное слов)

Важно: буквосочетания or, wor стремятся к звуку [ə:r]. Слово word проще произнести как [wə:rd], нежели [wɔ:rd].