Writings in Connection with the Donatist Controversy

88

Ps. lviii. 1; though slightly varied from the LXX.: si vere justitiam diligitis; for ει αληθως αρα δικαιοσυνην λαλειτε

89

John vii. 24.

90

Matt. vii. 15.

91

1 Cor. xiv. 29, 30.

92

Cypr. Ep. lxxi.

93

The former Council of Carthage was held by Agrippinus early in the third century, the ordinary date given being 215 A.D.

94

Tanquam lectulo auctoritatis.

95

Cypr. Ep. lxxi.

96

The general Council, on whose authority Augustine relies in many places in this work, was either that of Arles, in 314 A.D., or of Nicæa, in 325 A.D., both of them being before his birth, in 354 A.D. He quotes the decision of the same council, contra Parmenianum, ii. 13, 30; de Hœresibus, 69; Ep. xliii. 7, 19. Migne brings forward the following passages in favour of its being the Council of Arles to which Augustine refers, since in them he ascribes the decision of the controversy to "the authority of the whole world." Contra Parmenianum, iii. 4, 21: "They condemned," he says, "some few in Africa, by whom they were in turn vanquished by the judgment of the whole world;" and he adds, that "the Catholics trusted ecclesiastical judges like these in preference to the defeated parties in the suit." Ib. 6, 30: He says that the Donatists, "having made a schism in the unity of the Church, were refuted, not by the authority of 310 African bishops, but by that of the whole world." And in the sixth chapter of the first book of the same treatise, he says that the Donatists, after the decision at Arles, came again to Constantine, and there were defeated "by a final decision," i. e. at Milan, as is seen from Ep. xliii. 7, 20, in the year 316 A.D.

97

See above, ch. ii. 3.

98

See above, ch. ii. 3.

99

Rom. xiv. 4.

100

Wisd. xii. 10.

101

Ps. ciii. 8. "And truth" is not found in the A. V., nor in the Roman version of the LXX. The Alexandrian MS. adds και αληθεινος.

102

Ezek. xxiii. 11.

103

2 Tim. iv. 2.

104

John xii. 43.

105

He is alluding to that chief schism among the Donatists, which occurred when Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Carthage, in opposition to Primianus, 394 A.D.

106

Optatus, a Donatist bishop of Thaumugade in Numidia, was called Gildonianus from his adherence to Gildo, Count of Africa, and generalissimo of the province under the elder Theodosius. On his death, in 395 A.D., Gildo usurped supreme authority, and by his aid Optatus was enabled to oppress the Catholics in the province, till, in 398 A.D., Gildo was defeated by his brother Maxezel, and destroyed himself, and Optatus was put in prison, where he died soon afterwards. He is not to be confounded with Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, the strenuous opponent of the Donatists.

107

The Council of Bagai. See above, I. v. 7.

108

Matt. xviii. 19.

109

1 Pet. iv. 8.

110

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. to Jubaianus.

111

John xiii. 10. "Qui lotus est, non habet necessitatem iterum lavandi." The Latin, with the A.V., loses the distinction between ο λελουμινος, "he that has bathed," and νιπτειν, to wash; and further introduces the idea of repetition.

112

John iii. 5.

113

See above, c. ii. 3.

114

See above, ii. ii. 3.

115

See above, II. ii. 3.

116

Ecclus. iii. 18.

117

See above, II. ii. 3.

118

John i. 33.

119

The Council of Carthage.

120

Epist. lxxiii. sec. 20, to Jubaianus.

121

Conc. Carth. sec. 28.

122

John xiv. 6.

123

Conc. Carth. sec. 30.

124

Ib. sec. 56.

125

Gal. ii. 11-14.

126

Conc. Carth. sec. 63.

127

Ib. sec. 77.

128

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 1.

129

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 2.

130

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 3.

131

Above, Book i. c. xi. foll.

132

Non ut jam vere dimissa non retineantur. One of the negatives here appears to be superfluous, and the former is omitted in Amerbach's edition, and in many of the MSS., which continue the sentence, "non ut ille baptismus," instead of "neque ut ille," etc. If the latter negative were omitted, the sense would be improved, and "neque" would appropriately remain.

133

2 Cor. ii. 15, 16.

134

Phantasmata.

135

1 Cor. ii. 14.

136

1 Cor. i. 13.

137

1 Cor. iii. 1-3.

138

Eph. iv. 14.

139

Matt. xxviii. 19.

140

Cp. Concilium Arelatense, can. 8. "De Afris, quod propria lege utuntur ut rebaptizent; placuit ut si ad ecclesiam aliquis de hæresi venerit, interrogent eum symbolum; et si perviderint eum in Patre, et Filio, et Spiritu sancto esse baptizatum, manus ei tantum imponatur, ut accipiat Spiritum sanctum. Quod si interrogatus non responderit hanc Trinitatem, baptizetur."

141

Phil. iii. 15.

142

Jer. xv. 18, quoted from the LXX.

143

Rev. xvii. 15.

144

Rom. v. 5.

145

1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.

146

1 Cor. xii. 11.

147

Acts viii. 13.

148

1 Sam. x. 6, 10.

149

1 Tim. i. 5.

150

He refers to laying on of hands such as he mentions below, Book v. c. xxiii.: "If hands were not laid on one who returned from heresy, he would be judged to be free from all fault."

151

Matt. xvi. 19.

152

Song of Sol. vi. 9.

153

Cypr. de Lapsis, c. 4.

154

John xx. 21-23.

155

1 Cor. ii. 15.

156

Eph. v. 27. Cp. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above on I. xvii.

157

Tit. i. 7.

158

Num. xvi.

159

Lev. x. 1, 2.

160

Rom. ii. 4.

161

Acts viii. 5-17.

162

Because Cyprian, in his letter to Jubaianus (Ep. lxxiii. sec. 8), had urged as following from this, that "there is no reason, dearest brother, why we should think it right to yield to heretics that baptism which was granted to the one and only Church."

163

Deut. iv. 24.

164

Hos. ii. 5, from the LXX.

165

John i. 47.

166

John xiv. 21.

167

John xiii. 34, 35.

168

Matt. v. 17.

169

Rom. xiii. 10.

170

John xv. 1-5.

171

Prov. xviii. 1, from the LXX.

172

1 John ii. 19.

173

2 Tim. ii. 16-21.

174

Hos. ii. 5-8, from the LXX.

175

In the LXX., as well as in the English version, this is in the second person: τον ιματισμον τον ποικιλον σου.

176

Ezek. xvi. 17-19.

177

1 Tim. iv. 1, 2.

178

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. ad Jubaian. sec. 10.

179

Gen. ii. 8-14.

180

Matt. xvi. 18, 19.

181

Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

182

Tit. i. 16.

183

1 Pet. iii. 21.

184

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 9.

185

Eph. v. 26, 27.

186

Song of Sol. vi. 9.

187

Rom. xiv. 6.

188

Retract. ii. 18, quoted on I. xvii.

189

Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

190

Matt. vii. 23.

191

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 9.

192

Ib. lxxvii. sec. 10.

193

Cypr. Ep. lxxvii. sec. 10.

194

1 Cor. vi. 10.

195

Eph. v. 5.

196

Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 23.

197

2 Cor. vi. 16.

198

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

199

1 Tim. i. 13.

200

2 Tim. ii. 24.

201

Cypr. Ep. lxxiv. sec. 12.

202

Eph. v. 5.

203

Col. iii. 5. Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 23.

204

1 Tim. i. 13.

205

Eph. v. 5.

206

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

207

Gal. ii. 14.

208

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

209

Phil. i. 18. Cyprian, like the Vulgate, reads "annuntietur."

210

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 12.

211

Luke ii. 14. "Hominibus bonæ voluntatis;" and so the Vulgate, following the reading εν ανθρωποις ευδοκιας.

212

Cypr. de Zel. et Liv. c. 1.

213

Ib. c. 3.

214

Wisd. ii. 24, 25.

215

Conc. Carth. sub in.

216

1 Cor. xi. 16.

217

This treatise is still extant. See Clark's Trans.

218

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

219

Rom. ii. 21.

220

Cypr. de Lapsis. c. iv.

221

1 Cor. vi. 10.

222

Ps. xv. 5.

223

Eph. v. 5.

224

Matt. xiii. 29.

225

Phil. i. 15-18.

226

Wisd. ii. 24, 25.

227

Matt. xiii. 28, 25.

228

Matt. xiii. 23; Luke viii. 15.

229

Rev. ii. 6.

230

Acts viii. 9-24.

231

Phil. ii. 21.

232

1 Cor. xiii. 5.

233

Eph. v. 27; Retract. ii. 18.

234

Song of Sol. vi. 8.

235

Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

236

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 12.

237

Luke ix. 49, 50.

238

Matt. xii. 30.

239

Gal. ii. 14.

240

Phil. iii. 15.

241

Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.

242

Phil. i. 18; see on ch. vii. 10.

243

John i. 33.

244

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Tim. ii. 17.

245

1 Cor. xv. 32, 33, 12.

246

Eph. v. 5.

247

2 Tim. ii. 20.

248

Ps. ii. 9.

249

Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 21.

250

2 Tim. ii. 17-20.

251

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13.

252

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Cor. vi. 14.

253

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Cor. vi. 14.

254

1 John ii. 9.

255

Phil. i. 15, 16.

256

Cypr. l. c.

257

Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

258

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13.

259

Matt. vii. 23.

260

Matt. xxv. 41.

261

Rom. ii. 4.

262

Ps. lxxxix. 32, 33.

263

Ecclus. xxx. 23. The words "placentes Deo" are derived from the Latin version only.

264

Matt. xxiv. 13.

265

From a letter of Pope Stephen's, quoted Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

266

Matt. xiii. 21.

267

2 Tim. ii. 21.

268

2 Tim. ii. 19.

269

Matt. vii. 23.

270

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

271

Ib. de Laps. sec. 4.

272

Ib. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

273

Ib. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

274

1 Cor. ii. 14.

275

1 Cor. iii. 3.

276

2 Cor. iv. 16.

277

Photinus, bishop of Sirmium, was condemned and deposed by a synod held in his own city, in 351, for teaching that there was no distinction of persons in the Godhead.

278

Hos. ii. 5-7.

279

Cypr. Ep. lxxxiii. sec. 18.

280

1 Cor. xiii. 3.

281

Cypr. l. c.

282

Matt. xii. 30.

283

1 Cor. vi. 10.

284

Gal. v. 19-21.

285

Eph. v. 5, 6.

286

1 Cor. vi. 9, 10.

287

Matt. xi. 24.

288

Matt. xxv. 41.

289

John iii. 5.

290

Another reading, of less authority, is, "Aut catechumeno sacramentum baptismi præferendum putamus." This does not suit the sense of the passage, and probably sprung from want of knowledge of the meaning of the "catechumen's sacrament." It is mentioned in the third Council of Carthage as "the sacrament of salt" (Conc. Carth. 3, can. 5). Augustine (de Peccat. Meritis, ii. c. 26) says that "what the catechumens receive, though it be not the body of Christ, yet is holy, more holy than the food whereby our bodies are sustained, because it is a sacrament." – Cp. de Catech. Rudibus, c. 26. It appears to have been only a taste of salt, given them as the emblem of purity and incorruption. See Bingham, Orig. Eccles. Book x. c. ii. 16.

291

Acts x. 44.

292

Acts viii. 13, 18, 19.

293

Matt. v. 20.

294

Acts x. 4, 5.

295

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 19.

296

Luke xxiii. 43.

297

In Retract. ii. 18, Augustine expresses a doubt whether the thief may not have been baptized.

298

Rom. x. 10.

299

Matt. iii 6, 13.

300

Rom. iv. 11, 3.

301

Gen. xvii. 9-14.

302

Ex. iv. 24.

303

John ix. 21.

304

Acts xix. 3-5.

305

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. ad Jubaian. sec. 20.

306

See below, Book VII. c. ii.

307

Phil. iii. 15.

308

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 21.

309

1 Tim. i. 8.

310

John xiii. 27.

311

1 Cor. xi. 29.

312

1 Tim. i. 5.

313

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 21; Acts xix. 3-5.

314

John iii. 27.

315

John i. 16.

316

John xiii. 4, 5.

317

Matt. iii. 13.

318

Matt. xi. 11.

319

John i. 27.

320

Rom. x. 4.

321

Cypr. Serm. de Lapsis, c. iv.

322

Eph. ii. 6.

323

Rom. viii. 24.

324

Matt. iii. 11.

325

John i. 29.

326

Acts xix. 3-5.

327

Matt. iii. 16; John i. 33.

328

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

329

John i. 33.

330

John xv. 15.

331

Num. xvii. 8.

332

1 Cor. i. 12-15.

333

Matt. iii. 14.

334

John i. 32, 33.

335

1 Cor. ix. 15.

336

Rom. xi. 13.

337

Eph. iii. 4.

338

2 Tim. ii. 8.

339

Gal. v. 19-21.

340

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

341

Eph. v. 27. Cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above, I. xvii. 26.

342

Gen. xxv. 29-34.

343

1 Cor. xi. 16.

344

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

345

Ps. xxvi. 8.

346

1 Cor. i. 27.

347

John xv. 2.

348

In this and the following chapter Augustine is examining the seventieth epistle of Cyprian to his brother Quintus, bishop in Mauritania.

349

Apud veteres hæreses et schismata prima adhuc fuisse initia. Migne suggests, "hæresis et schismatum" – "there was as yet only the first beginning of heresy and schisms."

350

1 John ii. 9.

351

1 John iii. 15.

352

Cypr. lxxiii. sec. 12.

353

In this and the next two chapters Augustine is examining the seventieth epistle of Cyprian, from himself and thirty-one other bishops, to Januarius, Saturninus, Maximus, and fifteen others.

354

In the question, "Dost thou believe in eternal life and remission of sins through the holy Church?" Cypr. l. c.

355

John ix. 31.

356

Acts ix. 4.

357

Matt. xxv. 45.

358

1 John ii. 19.

359

John xx. 23.

360

Matt. vi. 15.

361

Cypr. Ep. lxxi., which is examined by Augustine in the remaining chapters of this book.

362

Tit. iii. 11.

363

Rom. ii. 1.

364

Rom. ii. 21.

365

1 Cor. vi. 10.

366

Wisd. i. 5.

367

Cyprian, in the laying on of hands, appears to refer to confirmation, but Augustine interprets it of the restoration of penitents. Cp. III. xvi. 21.

368

Gal. iii. 27.

369

2 Cor. vi. 16.

370

1 Sam. xix. 23.

371

Mark ix. 38.

372

Eph. v. 27. Cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above, I. xvii. 26.

373

"Docibilis;" and so the passage (2 Tim. ii. 24) is quoted frequently by Augustine. The English version, "apt to teach," is more true to the original, διδακτικος.

374

See Eph. iv. 4-6.

375

1 Cor. xv. 32.

376

1 Cor. i. 13.

377

1 Cor. xv. 12.

378

Cant. iv. 12, 13.

379

Eph. v. 27.

380

Cant. ii. 2.

381

Rom. ii. 29.

382

Ps. xlv. 14.

383

Ps. xl. 5.

384

Rom. viii. 28.

385

2 Tim. ii. 19.

386

See Gal. vi. 1.

387

Ps. cxix. 28.

388

See Phil. iii. 15.

389

Pet. iii. 20, 21.

390

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 20.

391

John xx. 23.

392

Matt. xxiii. 3.

393

1 Tim. i. 5.

394

Wisd. ix. 15.

395

See Phil. iii. 15.

396

Gal. ii. 14.

397

Cant. vi. 8.

398

Eph. v. 27; cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18.

399

Cant. iv. 12, 13.

400

John xx. 23.

401

Conc. Carth., introduction.

402

Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

403

Cypr. Ep. lxix. sec. 11.

404

De baptismi simplicitate ubique agnoscendam consuetudinem. Migne approves of the reading of some MSS., "De baptismi simplicitate ubique agnoscenda," etc., "maintaining the custom of the universal Church to acknowledge everywhere the identity of baptism."

405

Eph. iv. 2, 3.

406

Phil. iii. 15.

407

Bilta was in Mauritania.

408

Eph. iv. 4, 5.

409

Conc. Carth. sec. 1.

410

1 John iii. 15.

411

This section is wanting in the MSS. and in the edition of Amerbach, so that it has been supposed to have been added by Erasmus from Cyprian (Conc. Carth. sec. 2), – the name Felix, which is not found in Cyprian, being derived from the following section of Augustine. Migirpa, or Misgirpa, was in Zeugitana.

412

Adrumetum was an ancient Phœnician settlement, made a Roman colony by Trajan, on the coast of the Sinus Neapolitanus, some ninety miles south-east of Carthage.

413

Thamugadis, a town in Numidia, on the east side of Mount Aurasius. The whole opinion of Novatus (Conc. Carth. sec. iv.) is omitted in the MSS.

414

The words in Cyprian are, "sanctissimæ memoriæ virorum." The decree referred to is one of the Council held by Agrippinus.

415

Tubunæ, a town in Mauritania Cæsariensis.