Расстройства аутистического спектра в первые годы жизни. Исследования, оценка и лечение

Переход в DSM-5 к расстройствам аутистического спектра отражает интерес и растущий объем исследований в области аутистического спектра. Это имело свои истоки в признании атипичных или «не определенных иным образом» форм расстройства. Со временем растущий объем исследований говорит о том, что аутизм действительно незаметно переходит в норму. Эти данные во многом согласуются со сложностью генетической природы этого состояния.

Как мы уже отмечали в этой главе, для младенцев и детей раннего возраста растущая осведомленность об этом расстройстве и предоставление новых методов лечения, основанных на фактических данных, представляют собой важные возможности для оптимизации обучения и улучшения прогноза. В то же время серьезными препятствиями выступают отсутствие биомаркеров заболевания и сравнительно высокая вариативность в эффективности инструментов скрининга. Как отмечается в других главах настоящего сборника, в настоящее время существует целый ряд новых методологических подходов, направленных на изучение аутизма в его раннем проявлении. Эти исследования перейдут к еще более ранним стадиям развития, например, к поиску отличий во внутриутробном состоянии. Хотя предстоит еще проделать большую работу, очевидно, что было достигнуто немало успехов.

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