Woman under Monasticism

Map, W., De Nugis Curialium, 1850, p. 228.

769

Ailred, Opera (in Migne, Patrol. Cursus Completus, vol. 195), p. 368.

770

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘St Giles in the Fields,’ vol. 6, p. 635.

771

Creighton, C., History of Epidemics in England, vol. 1, 1891, p. 88.

772

Hormayr, ‘Die Grafen von Andechs und Tyrol,’ Sämtl. Werke, vol. 3.

773

Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in Deutschland,’ in Archiv für pathol. Anatomie, vol. 18, article 2, p. 311.

774

Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, article ‘Hedwig.’

775

Stenzel, G. A. H., Scriptores rerum Siles., Breslau 1835, ‘Vita St Hedwigis’ vol. 2, pp. 1-114; also A. SS. Boll., St Hedwig, Oct. 17.

776

Verein für das Museum schles. Alterthümer, edit. Luchs, H., 1870. Also Luchs, H., Schlesische Fürstenbilder, 1872.

777

Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in Deutschland,’ in Archiv für pathol. Anatomie, vol. 18, article 2, p. 275.

778

Wolfskron, Bilder der Hedwigslegende, 1846.

779

Stenzel, G. A. H., Scriptores rer. Siles., 1835, ‘Vita Annae ducissae Sil.’ vol. 2, p. 127.

780

A. SS. Boll., St Agnes de Bohemia, March 6, print two accounts, of uncertain date.

781

A. SS. Boll., Ibid., print these letters.

782

A. SS. Boll., Ibid., Vita 1, ch. 32.

783

Montalembert, C., Histoire de Ste Elisabeth de Hongrie, duchesse de Thuringe, edition de luxe 1878, with preface by Gautier, contains reproductions of some of those pictures; Potthast, A., Wegweiser, enumerates a number of accounts of the life of St Elisabeth.

784

Rieger, L., prints this ‘Leben der heil. Elisabeth’ in Literarisch. Verein, 1843, and discusses early MS. accounts of her life.

785

Justi, C. W., Elisabeth, die Heilige, 1797.

786

Montalembert, C., Histoire de Ste Elisabeth de Hongrie, 1836, 7th edit. 1855.

787

Wegele, F. X., ‘Die heil. Elisabeth von Thüringen’ in Sybel, Historische Zeitschrift, 1861, pp. 351-397, which I have followed in the text.

788

Virchow, R., ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes, besonders in Deutschland,’ in Archiv für pathol. Anatomie, vol. 18, article 2, p. 313.

789

Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, article ‘Konrad von Marburg.’

790

Hauréau, Histoire de la philosophie scolastique, 1850, vol. 1, pp. 319 ff.

791

Dictionary of National Biography, article ‘Hales, Thomas.’

792

‘A luve ron,’ edit. Morris, Old English Miscellany, p. 93, for the Early Engl. Text Soc. 1872.

793

Edit. Morton for the Camden Soc. 1853.

794

‘Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der Benedictinerregel,’ edit. Schröer, 1885 (in Grein, Bibliothek der angels. Prosa, vol. 2), p. 9.

795

Schröer, Winteney Version der Regula St Benedicti, 1888, p. 13.

796

‘De vita eremetica’ (in Migne, Patrol. Cursus Compl., vol. 32, by an oversight it is included among the works of St Augustine), p. 145.

797

Anselm, Opera (in Migne, Patrol. Cursus Compl., vol. 158), ‘Meditationes’ (nr 15-17), pp. 786 ff.

798

Edit. Koelbing, Englische Studien, vol. 7, p. 304.

799

Scenes and characters of the Middle Ages, 1872, pp. 93-151.

800

Wilkins, D., Concilia, 1737, vol. 1, p. 693.

801

Brink, B. ten, Early English Literature, trans. Kennedy, 1883, p. 205.

802

First advanced by Morton, Ancren Riwle, Introd. pp. xii-xv; it is supported neither by tradition nor by documentary evidence.

803

Dalgairns, Introd. to Hylton, Scale of Perfection, 1870, thinks it possible that the author was a Dominican friar.

804

Comp. throughout Ancren Riwle, edit. Morton for the Camden Soc. 1853.

805

That is bands or ligatures to be used after the letting of blood.

806

Old English Homilies, First Series, edit. Morris, 1867, p. 268.

807

Hali Meidenhad, edit. Cockayne, for the Early English Text Soc., 1866.

808

Comp. Revelationes Gertrudianae ac Mechtildianae, edit. Oudin, for the Benedictines of Solesmes 1875, 2 vols., which contain the works of these three nuns; Mechthild von Magdeburg, Offenbarungen, oder Das Fliessende Licht der Gottheit, edit. Gall Morel, 1869; Preger, W., Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter, 1874, vol. 1, pp. 70-132.

809

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, Praefatio.

810

Ibid. vol. 1, pp. 497 ff.

811

Comp. Preger, ‘Dante’s Matelda,’ Acad. Vortrag, 1873; Paquelin and Scartazzini, ‘Zur Matelda-Frage’ in Jahrbuch der Dante Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1877, pp. 405, 411; Lubin, Osservazioni sulla Matilda svelata, 1878.

812

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, article ‘Mechthild’ by Strauch, Ph.

813

Keller, L., Die Reformation und die älteren Reformparteien, 1885, pp. 29 ff.; also Hallman, E., Geschichte des Ursprungs der Beguinen, 1843.

814

Mechthild von Magdeburg, Offenbarungen, oder Das Fliessende Licht der Gottheit, edit. Gall Morel, 1869; the abridged Latin version in Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, pp. 423-710.

815

Heinrich not to be confounded with Heinrich who translated her work.

816

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, pp. 298, 329, 332, etc.

817

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 542; vol. 2, pp. 325, 330.

818

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, etc. edit. Gall Morel, p. 3 ‘Wie die minne und die kuneginne zesamene sprachen.’

819

Ibid. p. 6 ‘Von den megden der seele und von der minne schlage.’

820

Ibid. p. 18 ‘Von der minne weg,’ etc.

821

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 43 ‘Wie die minne vraget,’ etc.

822

Ibid. p. 38 ‘Wie die bekantnisse und die sele sprechent zesamne,’ etc.

823

Ibid. p. 232 ‘Wie bekantnisse sprichet zu dem gewissede.’

824

Ibid. p. 30 ‘Von der armen dirnen’ (I have retained the designation ‘saint’ where it is used in the allegory).

825

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 210 ‘Da Johannes Baptista der armen dirnen messe sang.’

826

Ibid. p. 46 ‘Wie sich die minnende sele gesellet gotte,’ etc.

827

Ibid. p. 82 ‘Von der helle,’ etc.

828

Ibid. p. 270 ‘Ein wenig von dem paradyso.’

829

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 52 ‘Von diseme buche,’ etc.

830

Ibid. p. 90 ‘Dis buch ist von gotte komen,’ etc.

831

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 110 ‘Von einer vrowe, etc.’

832

Ibid. p. 68 ‘Von siben dingen die alle priester sollent haben.’

833

Ibid. p. 171 ‘Wie ein prior, etc.’; p. 177 ‘Von der regele eines kanoniken, etc.’; p. 178 ‘Got gebet herschaft.’

834

Ibid. p. 198 ‘Wie böse pfafheit sol genidert werden.’

835

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, p. 524.

836

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 115 ‘Von sehs tugenden St Domenicus’; p. 116 ‘Dur sehszehen ding hat got predierorden liep’; ibid. ‘Von vierhande crone bruder Heinrichs’; p. 154 ‘Von sehsleie kleider, etc.’

837

Ibid. p. 166 ‘Von funfleie nuwe heligen.’

838

A. SS. Boll., St Peter of the Dominican Order, April 29.

839

Ibid., St Jutta vidua, May 5, appendix.

840

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 256 ‘Wie ein predierbruder wart gesehen.’

841

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 243 ‘Von der not eines urluges.’

842

Ibid. p. 249 ‘Von einem geistlichen closter.’

843

Comp. below, ch. 11, § 1.

844

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 68 ‘Von dem angenge aller dinge’; p. 107 ‘Von der heligen drivaltekeit, etc.’; p. 147 ‘Von sante marien gebet, etc.’

845

Ibid. p. 14 ‘In disen weg zuhet die sele, etc.’

846

Ibid. p. 16 ‘Von der pfrunde trost und minne.’

847

Mechthild, Offenbarungen, p. 98 ‘Von zwein ungeleichen dingen, etc.’

848

Ibid. p. 214 ‘Bekorunge, die welt und ein gut ende prüfent uns.’

849

‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ in Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, pp. 1-421.

850

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2, p. 727.

851

Preger, W., Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter, 1874, vol. 1, p. 87.

852

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ bk 1, ch. 30, De angelis), p. 102.

853

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ bk 2, ch. 2, De vinea domini), p. 137.

854

Cf. Gal. v. 22-3, to which Mechthild adds.

855

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ bk 1, ch. 10, De veneratione imaginis Christi), p. 31.

856

Ibid. vol. 2 (‘Liber Specialis Gratiae,’ bk 2, ch. 23, De coquina domini), p. 165.

857

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 2 (bk 2, ch. 43, De nomine et utilitate hujus libri), p. 192.

858

Ibid. vol. 1, pp. 46, 269.

859

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 218.

860

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, pp. 1 ff. on her life.

861

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 14.

862

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 23.

863

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 227.

864

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 27.

865

Ibid. vol. 1, p. 39.

866

‘Legatus Divinae Pietatis’ in Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, pp. 1 ff.

867

‘Legatus Divinae Pietatis’ in Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, p. 61.

868

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, p. 113.

869

Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, p. 351.

870

Preger, W., Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter, 1874, vol. 1, p. 78.

871

‘Exercitia Spiritualia,’ in Revelationes, etc. edit. Oudin, vol. 1, pp. 617-720.

872

Ibid. pp. 701 ff.

873

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507 footnote.

874

Ibid. ‘Davington,’ vol. 4, p. 288.

875

Ibid. ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 365, charter nr 7.

876

Jusserand, J., Histoire littéraire du Peuple Anglais, 1894, pp. 121 ff., 235 ff.

877

Romania, edit. Meyer et Paris, vol. 13, p. 400.

878

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Ankerwyke,’ vol. 4, p. 229, charter nr 4.

879

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 471, charter nr 21.

880

Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 441.

881

Ibid. ‘Legh,’ vol. 6, p. 333, footnote t. MS. Harleian 3660.

882

Bateson, M., ‘Register of Crabhouse Nunnery’ (no date), Norfolk and Norwich Archæol. Society.

883

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Littlemore,’ vol. 4, p. 490, charter nr 14.

884

Koelbing, Englische Studien, vol. 2, pp. 60 ff.

885

This supposition is based on certain peculiarities in the language of the rule for men. Cf. ‘Die angelsächsischen Prosabearbeitungen der Benedictinerregel,’ edit. Schröer, 1885 (in Grein, Bibliotek der angels. Prosa, vol. 2) Einleitung, p. xviii.

886

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Godstow,’ vol. 4, p. 357, charter nr 23.

887

Lansdowne MS. 436.

888

Early English Text Soc., nr 100. Arundel MS. 396.

889

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Kilburn,’ vol. 3, p. 424.

890

Blaauw, W. H., ‘Episcopal visitations of the Benedictine nunnery of Easebourne’ in Sussex Arch. Collections, vol. 9, p. 12. According to Bradshaw, H., ‘Note on service books’ (printed as an appendix in Middleton, J. H., Illuminated Manuscripts, 1892) the missal was used for celebration of the mass; while the breviary contained the services for the hours, including the antiphony (anthems to the psalms) – the legenda (long lessons used at matins), – the psalter (psalms arranged for use at hours), – and the collects (short lessons used at all the hours except matins). In the list above, these are enumerated as separate books. He further says that the ordinale contained general rules for the right understanding and use of the service books. It is noteworthy that this is in French in the list of books at Easebourne.

891

Maskell, W., Monumenta Ritualia, 1882, vol. 3, p. 357 footnotes.

892

Placita de Quo Warranto published by Command.

893

Placita de Quo Warranto, pp. 11, 97, 232, 233.

894

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Malling,’ vol. 3, p. 381, charter nr 5.

895

Ibid. ‘Stratford,’ vol. 4, p. 119, charter nr 3.

896

Ibid. ‘Wroxhall,’ vol. 4, p. 88.

897

Ibid. ‘Redlingfield,’ vol. 4, p. 25, charter nr 2.

898

Gasquet, A., Henry VIII and the English Monasteries, 1888, appendices to vols. 1 and 2.

899

The word ‘mynchyn’ was I believe never applied to them.

900

Holstenius, Codex regularum, 1759, vol. 3, p. 34.

901

Cf. above, p. 204.

902

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 473.

903

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘St Mary Prée,’ vol. 3, p. 353, charter nr 9.

904

Ibid. ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 474.

905

Blaauw, W. H., ‘Episcopal Visitations of the Benedictine Nunnery of Easebourne,’ Sussex Archæol. Collections, vol. 9, p. 7.

906

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘St Mary Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 452, footnote.

907

Ibid. ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 473.

908

Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 441, charter nr 8.

909

Schröer, Winteney Version der regula St Benedicti, 1888, p. 16.

910

Edit. Koelbing, Englische Studien, vol. 2, pp. 60 ff. (line references in the text throughout this section are to this version).

911

Shermann, A. J., Hist. Coll. Jesus Cantab., edit. Halliwell, 1840, p. 16.

912

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Langley,’ vol. 4, p. 220.

913

Maskell, W., Monumenta Ritualia, 1882, vol. 3, p. 358 footnote.

914

Cf. above, p. 206.

915

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Catesby,’ vol. 4, p. 635.

916

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Bromhall,’ vol. 4, p. 506.

917

Jessopp, A., Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532), pp. 185, 190, 318.

918

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Wilton,’ vol. 2, p. 317.

919

Benedictus, Regula, c. 65 (in Migne, Patrol. Cursus Compl. vol. 66).

920

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 437, footnote k.

921

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 445 Computus.

922

Dugdale, Monasticon, charter nr 15.

923

I am unable to ascertain the quantity indicated by the ‘piece.’

924

I am unable to ascertain the difference between ‘stubbe’ and ‘shafte.’

925

Rogers, Th., Six Centuries of Work and Wages, 1884, p. 101.

926

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘St Mary’s, Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 451, charter nr 4.

927

Jessopp, A., Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532), p. 290.

928

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Shaftesbury,’ vol. 2, p. 472.

929

Ibid. ‘St Mary, Winchester,’ vol. 2, p. 451, charter nr 4.

930

Ibid. ‘Kilburn,’ vol. 3, p. 424.

931

Blaauw, W. A., ‘Episcopal Visitations of the Benedictine Nunnery of Easebourne,’ Sussex Arch. Collections, vol. 9, p. 15.

932

Jessopp, A., Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532), p. 138.

933

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Elstow,’ vol. 3, p. 411, charter nr 8.

934

Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 438, footnote b.

935

‘Here begynneth a matere’ etc. (by John Alcock (?)), printed by Wynkyn de Worde (1500), last page but one.

936

Six Centuries of Work and Wages, 1884, p. 166.

937

Rye, W., Carrow Abbey, 1889, p. 48 ff.

938

Skelton, Poetical Works, 1843, vol. 1, p. 51, ‘Phyllyp Sparowe.’

939

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507, footnote p.

940

Jessopp, A., Visitations of the Diocese of Norwich (1492-1532), p. 140.

941

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘St Helen’s,’ vol. 4, p. 551, charter nr 3.

942

Ibid. ‘Barking,’ vol. 1, p. 437, footnote m.

943

Fosbroke, British Monachism, 1843, p. 176.

944

Way, A., ‘Notices of the Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalen, at Rusper,’ Sussex Arch. Collections, vol. 5, p. 256.

945

Bateson, M., ‘Visitations of Archbishop Warham in 1511,’ in English Hist. Review, vol. 6, 1891, p. 28.

946

Maskell, W., Monumenta Rit., 1882, vol. 3, p. 331, ‘The order of consecration of Nuns,’ from Cambridge Fol. Mm. 3. 13, and Lansdown MS., 388; p. 360 ‘The manner to make a Nun,’ from Cotton MS., Vespasian A. 25, fol. 12.

947

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Chatteris,’ vol. 2, p. 614.

948

Way, A., ‘Notices of the Benedictine Priory of St Mary Magdalen at Rusper,’ Sussex Arch. Collections, vol. 5, p. 256.

949

Comp. Smith and Cheetham, Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, 1875, article ‘Hours of Prayer.’

950

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840; Myroure of Oure Ladye, Early English Text Soc., 1873, Introduction by Blunt, J. H.

951

Hammerich, Den hellige Birgitta, 1863.

952

A. SS. Boll., St Birgitta vidua, Oct. 8.

953

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. xiv.

954

Gasquet, A., Henry VIII and the English Monasteries, 1888, vol. 1, p. 42.

955

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Amesbury,’ vol. 1, p. 333.

956

Ibid. ‘Westwood,’ vol. 6, p. 1004.

957

Ibid. ‘Levenestre,’ vol. 6, p. 1032.

958

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840, p. 249 ff., from Arundel MS. nr 146 (chapter references throughout the text in this chapter are to this reprint).

959

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. xxxv.

960

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840, pp. 312 ff., from Additional MS. nr 5208.

961

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840, pp. 405 ff. ‘A table of signs.’

962

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. xxvi.

963

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. xxix.

964

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840, p. 421, ‘Indulgentia monasterii de Syon,’ MS. Ashmol. nr 750; p. 422, ‘The Pardon of the monastery of Shene which is Syon,’ MS. Harleian 4012, art. 9.

965

Ibid. p. 426, footnotes.

966

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. xlv. B. M. Addit. MS., nr 22285.

967

Printed by Wynkyn de Worde (?), 1526; reprinted for the Bradshaw Society, 1893.

968

Aungier, G. J., History and Antiquities of Syon, 1840, p. 529. MS. Harleian 2321, fol. 17 ff.

969

Ibid. p. 527.

970

Ibid. p. 527.

971

Ibid. p. 526.

972

Myroure of Oure Ladye, Introd. p. ix.

973

Ibid. p. 2.

974

Myroure of Oure Ladye, pp. 65 ff.

975

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Godstow,’ vol. 4, p. 357, Charter nr 16.

976

Ibid. ‘St Radegund’s,’ vol. 4, p. 215, Charter nr 3.

977

Ducange, ‘burnetum, pannus ex lana tincta confectus.’

978

Dugdale, Monasticon, ‘Rumsey,’ vol. 2, p. 507, footnote p.

979

Ibid. ‘Swine,’ vol. 5, p. 493.

980

Ibid. ‘Sopwell,’ vol. 3, p. 362, charter nr 7.

981

Ibid. ‘Chatteris,’ vol. 2, p. 614, charter nr 11.

982

Ibid. ‘Nun-Monkton,’ vol. 4, p. 192, charter nr 2.

983

Gasquet, A., The Great Pestilence, 1893, Introd. p. xvi.