The City of God, Volume II

472

Matt. i. 21.

473

Ps. lxix. 21; Matt. xxvii. 34, 48.

474

Ps. lxix. 22, 23.

475

Ps. xxxii. 1.

476

Sallust, Bel. Cat. c. xi.

477

Wisd. ii. 12-21.

478

Ecclus. xxxvi. 1-5.

479

Prov. i. 11-13.

480

Matt. xxi. 38.

481

Ch. 4.

482

Prov. ix. 1-5 (ver. 1 is quoted above in ch. 4).

483

1 Cor. i. 27.

484

Prov. ix. 6.

485

Eccles. ii. 24, iii. 13, v. 18, viii. 15.

486

Ps. xl. 6.

487

Eccles. vii. 2.

488

Eccles. vii. 4.

489

Eccles. x. 16, 17.

490

Rom. v. 5.

491

Ps. lxix. 6. ?

492

Cant. i. 4.

493

Cant. vii. 6.

494

1 Kings xix. 10, 14, 15.

495

2 Tim. 16.

496

Matt. xi. 13.

497

Sallust, Bell. Cat. c. 8.

498

In the Hebrew text, Gen. xxv. 7, a hundred and seventy-five years.

499

Gen. xlix. 10.

500

Ἄρης and παγος.

501

1 Cor. xv. 46, 47.

502

The priests who officiated at the Lupercalia.

503

Æneid, viii. 321.

504

Isa. xlviii. 20.

505

Virgil, Eclogue, viii. 70.

506

Virgil, Eclogue, v. 11.

507

Varro, De Lingua Latina, v. 43.

508

Æneid, vi. 767.

509

Hos. i. 1.

510

Amos i. 1.

511

Isa. i. 1. Isaiah's father was Amoz, a different name.

512

Mic. i. 1.

513

The chronicles of Eusebius and Jerome.

514

Hos. i. 10.

515

Hos. i. 11.

516

Gal. ii. 14-20.

517

Hos. iii. 4.

518

Hos. iii. 5.

519

Rom. i. 3.

520

Hos. vi. 2.

521

Col. iii. 1.

522

Amos iv. 12, 13.

523

Amos ix. 11, 12; Acts xv. 15-17.

524

Isa. lii. 13-liii. 13. Augustine quotes these passages in full.

525

Isa. liv. 1-5.

526

Mic. iv. 1-3.

527

Mic. v. 2-4.

528

Joel ii. 28, 29.

529

Obad. 17.

530

Obad. 21.

531

Col. i. 13.

532

Nah. i. 14-ii. 1.

533

Hab. ii. 2, 3.

534

Hab. iii. 2.

535

Luke xxiii. 34.

536

Hab. iii. 3.

537

Ps. lvii. 5, 11.

538

Hab. iii. 4.

539

John iii. 17.

540

Joel ii. 13.

541

Matt. v. 4.

542

Matt. x. 27.

543

Ps. cxvi. 16.

544

Rom. xii. 12.

545

Heb. xi. 13, 16.

546

Rom. x. 3.

547

Ps. xl. 2, 3.

548

Jer. ix. 23, 24, as in 1 Cor. i. 31.

549

Lam. iv. 20.

550

Bar. iii. 35-37.

551

Jer. xxiii. 5, 6.

552

Jer. xvi. 19.

553

Jer. xvii. 9.

554

Jer. xxxi. 31; see Bk. xvii. 3.

555

Zeph. iii. 8.

556

Zeph. ii. 11.

557

Zeph. iii. 9-12.

558

Isa. x. 22; Rom. ix. 27.

559

Dan. vii. 13, 14.

560

Ezek. xxxiv. 23.

561

Ezek. xxxvii. 22-24.

562

Hag. ii. 6.

563

Zech. ix. 9, 10.

564

Zech. ix. 11.

565

Ps. xl. 2.

566

Mal. i. 10, 11.

567

Mal. ii. 5-7.

568

Mal. iii. 1, 2.

569

John ii. 19.

570

Mal. iii. 13-16.

571

Mal. iii. 17-iv. 3.

572

Esdras iii. and iv.

573

Acts vii. 22.

574

Heb. xi. 7; 1 Pet. iii. 20, 21.

575

Jude 14.

576

Ex. xx. 12.

577

Ex. xx. 13-15, the order as in Mark x. 19.

578

Var. reading, "both in Greek and Latin."

579

Jon. iii. 4.

580

Hag. ii. 9.

581

Hag. ii. 7.

582

Matt. xxii. 14.

583

Gen. xlix. 10.

584

Isa. vii. 14, as in Matt. i. 23.

585

Isa. x. 22, as in Rom. ix. 27, 28.

586

Ps. lxix. 22, 23; Rom. xi. 9, 10.

587

Ps. lxix. 10, 11.

588

Rom. xi. 11.

589

1 Tim. ii. 5.

590

Hag. ii. 9.

591

Hag. ii. 9.

592

1 Cor. x. 4; Ex. xvii. 6.

593

Hag. ii. 7.

594

Eph. i. 4.

595

Matt. xxii. 11-14.

596

Matt. xiii. 47-50.

597

Ps. xl. 5.

598

Matt. iii 2, iv. 17.

599

Luke vi. 13.

600

Isa. ii. 3.

601

Luke xxiv. 45-47.

602

Acts i. 7, 8.

603

Matt. x. 28.

604

Heb. ii. 4.

605

Rom. viii. 28.

606

Ps. xciv. 19.

607

Rom. xii. 12.

608

2 Tim. iii. 12.

609

2 Tim. ii. 19.

610

Rom. viii. 29.

611

Ps. xciv. 19.

612

1 John iii. 12.

613

Isa. xi. 4; 2 Thess. i. 9.

614

Acts i. 6, 7.

615

Ps. lxxii. 8.

616

Acts xvii. 30, 31.

617

Isa. ii. 3.

618

Luke xxiv. 47.

619

Not extant.

620

Alluding to the vexed question whether virtue could be taught.

621

The prima naturæ, or πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν of the Stoics.

622

Frequently called the Middle Academy; the New beginning with Carneades.

623

Hab. ii. 4.

624

Ps. xciv. 11, and 1 Cor. iii. 20.

625

Wisdom ix. 15.

626

Cicero, Tusc. Quæst. iii. 8.

627

Gal. v. 17.

628

Rom. viii. 24.

629

Terent. Adelph. v. 4.

630

Eunuch. i. 1.

631

In Verrem, ii. 1. 15.

632

Matt. x. 36.

633

Ps. xxv. 17.

634

Job vii. 1.

635

Matt. xvii. 7.

636

Matt. xxiv. 12.

637

2 Cor. xi. 14.

638

Ps. cxlvii. 12-14.

639

Rom. vi. 22.

640

He refers to the giant Cacus.

641

Æneid, viii. 195.

642

John viii. 44.

643

1 Tim. v. 8.

644

Gen. i. 26.

645

Servus, "a slave," from servare, "to preserve."

646

Dan. ix.

647

John viii. 34.

648

2 Pet. ii. 19.

649

The patriarchs.

650

1 Cor. xiii. 9.

651

Hab. ii. 4.

652

2 Cor. v. 6.

653

Ch. 6.

654

1 Tim. iii. 1.

655

Augustine's words are: "ἐπι, quippe 'super;' σκοπός, vero, 'intentio' est: επισκοπεῖν, si velimus, latine 'superintendere' possumus dicere."

656

Ch. 21.

657

Ex. xxii. 20.

658

Gen. xxii. 18.

659

Ex. xxii. 20.

660

Ps. xcvi. 5.

661

Augustine here warns his readers against a possible misunderstanding of the Latin word for "alone" (soli), which might be rendered "the sun."

662

Ps. xvi. 2.

663

Ps. cxliv. 15.

664

1 Tim. ii. 2; var. reading, "purity."

665

Jer. xxix. 7.

666

Matt. vi. 12.

667

Jas. ii. 17.

668

Gal. v. 6.

669

Wisdom ix. 15.

670

Job vii. 1.

671

Jas. iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5.

672

Gratia meritorum.

673

Matt. viii. 29.

674

Rom. ix. 14.

675

Rom. xi. 33.

676

Ps. cxliv. 4.

677

Eccles. i. 2, 3.

678

Eccles. ii. 13, 14.

679

Eccles. viii. 14.

680

Eccles. xii. 13, 14.

681

Rom. iii. 20-22.

682

Matt. xiii. 52.

683

Matt. xi. 22.

684

Matt. xi. 24.

685

Matt. xii. 41, 42.

686

Augustine quotes the whole passage, Matt. xiii. 37-43.

687

Matt. xix. 28.

688

Matt. xii. 27.

689

1 Cor. xv. 10.

690

1 Cor. vi. 3.

691

Ep. 199.

692

Matt. xxv. 34-41, given in full.

693

John v. 22-24.

694

John v. 25, 26.

695

Matt. viii. 22.

696

Cor. v. 14, 15.

697

Ps. ci. 1.

698

John v. 28, 29.

699

Rev. xx. 1-6. The whole passage is quoted.

700

Pet. iii. 8.

701

Serm. 259.

702

Milliarii.

703

Mark iii. 27; "Vasa" for "goods."

704

Matt. xix. 29.

705

2 Cor. vi. 10.

706

Ps. cv. 8.

707

Col. i. 13.

708

2 Tim. ii. 19.

709

Ps. cxxiii. 2.

710

Rev. xx. 9, 10.

711

1 John ii. 19.

712

Matt. xxiv. 12.

713

Between His first and second coming.

714

Matt. xxv. 34.

715

Matt. xxviii. 20.

716

Matt. xiii. 39-41.

717

Matt. v. 19.

718

Matt. xxiii. 3.

719

Matt. v. 20.

720

Col. iii. 1, 2.

721

Phil. iii. 20.

722

Phil. ii. 21.

723

Matt. xviii. 18.

724

1 Cor. v. 12.

725

Rev. xx. 4.

726

Rev. xiv. 13.

727

Rom. xiv. 9.

728

2 Cor. vi. 14.

729

And, as Augustine remarks, are therefore called cadavera, from cadere, "to fall."

730

Col. iii. 1.

731

Rom. vi. 4.

732

Eph. v. 14.

733

Ecclus. ii. 7.

734

Rom. xiv. 4.

735

1 Cor. x. 12.

736

1 Peter ii. 9.

737

Matt. xxv. 41.

738

Ps. lxix. 9.

739

Isa. xxvi. 11.

740

2 Thess. ii. 8.

741

Ch. 24.

742

1 Cor. vii. 31, 32.

743

Col. iii. 3.

744

Matt. viii. 22.

745

Rom. viii. 10.

746

"Apud inferos," i. e. in hell, in the sense in which the word is used in the Psalms and in the Creed.

747

Matt. xxv. 46.

748

Rev. xxi. 1.

749

Rev. xv. 2.

750

Rev. xxi. 2-5.

751

Isa. xlv. 8.

752

Ps. xlii. 3.

753

Ps. vi. 6.

754

Ps. xxxviii. 9.

755

Ps. xxxix. 2.

756

2 Cor. v. 4.

757

Rom. viii. 23.

758

Rom. ix. 2.

759

Augustine therefore read νεικος, and not with the Vulgate, νίκη.

760

1 Cor. xv. 55.

761

1 John i. 8.

762

2 Pet. iii. 3-13. The whole passage is quoted by Augustine.

763

2 Thess. ii. 1-11. Whole passage given in the Latin. In ver. 3 refuga is used instead of the Vulgate's discessio.

764

Augustine adds the words, "Sicut dicimus, Sedet in amicum, id est, velut amicus; vel si quid aliud isto locutionis genere dici solet."

765

Suetonius' Nero, c. 57.

766

1 John ii. 18, 19.

767

1 Thess. iv. 13-16.

768

1 Cor. xv. 22.

769

1 Cor. xv. 36.

770

Gen. iii. 19.

771

1 Cor. xv. 51.

772

Isa. xxvi. 19.

773

Isa. lxvi. 12-16.

774

Gal. iv. 26.

775

Matt. v. 8.

776

Isa. lxv. 17-19.

777

Phil. iii. 19.

778

Rom. viii. 6.

779

Gen. vi. 3.

780

Luke xii. 49.

781

Acts ii. 3.

782

Matt. x. 34.

783

Heb. iv. 12.

784

Song of Sol. ii. 5.

785

Isa. lxvi. 18.

786

Rom. iii. 23.

787

Isa. lxvi. 22-24.

788

As the Vulgate: cadavera virorum.

789

Here Augustine inserts the remark, "Who does not see that cadavera (carcases) are so called from cadendo (falling)?"

790

Matt. xxv. 30.

791

1 Cor. xv. 28.

792

1 John iii. 9.

793

Isa. lvi. 5.

794

Dan. vii. 15-28. Passage cited at length.

795

Dan. xii. 1-3.

796

John v. 28.

797

Gen. xvii. 5, and xxii. 18.

798

Dan. xii. 13.

799

Ps. cii. 25-27.

800

1 Cor. vii. 31.

801

1 John ii. 17.

802

Matt. xxiv. 35.

803

2 Pet. iii. 6.

804

2 Pet. iii. 10, 11.

805

Matt. xxiv. 29.

806

Æneid, ii. 694.

807

Ps. l. 3-5.

808

Isa. liii. 7.

809

Matt. xxvi. 63.

810

Ch. 21.

811

1 Thess. iv. 17.

812

Hos. vi. 6.

813

Ch. 6.

814

Matt. xxv. 34.

815

In his Proem. ad Mal.

816

See Smith's Bible Dict.

817

Mal. iii. 1-6. Whole passage quoted.

818

Isa. iv. 4.

819

1 John i. 8.

820

Job xiv. 4.

821

Rom. i. 17.

822

Isa. lxv. 22.

823

Prov. iii. 18.

824

Wisd. i. 9.

825

Rom. ii. 15, 16.

826

Mal. iii. 17-iv. 3.

827

Mal. iv. 4.

828

John v. 46.

829

Mal. iii. 14, 15.

830

Mal. ii. 17.

831

In innocentibus.

832

Ps. lxxiii.

833

Mal. iv. 5, 6.

834

2 Kings ii. 11.

835

Mal. ii. 17, iii. 14.

836

Isa. xlviii. 12-16.

837

Isa. liii. 7.

838

Zech. ii. 8, 9.

839

Matt. xv. 24.

840

John vii. 39.

841

Ps. xviii. 43.

842

Matt. iv. 19.

843

Luke v. 10.

844

Matt. xii. 29.

845

Zech. xii. 9, 10.

846

So the Vulgate.

847

John v. 22.

848

Isa. xlii. 1-4.

849

John i. 32.

850

Matt. xvii. 1, 2.

851

Ps. xli. 5.

852

John v. 29.

853

Matt. xiii. 41-43.

854

Matt. xxv. 46.

855

Luke xvi. 24.

856

Æneid, vi. 733.

857

Ch. 3, 5, 6.

858

Aristotle does not affirm it as a fact observed by himself, but as a popular tradition (Hist. anim. v. 19). Pliny is equally cautious (Hist. nat. xxix. 23). Dioscorides declared the thing impossible (ii. 68). – Saisset.

859

So Lucretius, ii. 1025:

"Sed neque tam facilis res ulla 'st, quin ea primum

Difficilis magis ad credendum constet: itemque

Nil adeo magnum, nec tam mirabile quicquam

Principis, quod non minuant mirarier omnes

Paulatim."

860

Alluded to by Moore in his Melodies:

"The fount that played

In times of old through Ammon's shade,

Though icy cold by day it ran,

Yet still, like souls of mirth, began

To burn when night was near."

861

Æneid, iv. 487-491.

862

See the same collocation of words in Cic. Nat. deor. ii. 3.

863

The etymologies given here by Augustine are, "monstra," a monstrando; "ostenta," ab ostendendo; "portenta," a portendendo, i. e. præostendendo; "prodigia," quod porro dicant, i. e. futura prædicant.

864

Isa. lxvi. 24.

865

Mark ix. 43-48.

866

2 Cor. xi. 29.

867

Isa. li. 8.

868

Ecclus. vii. 17.

869

Rom. viii. 13.

870

1 Cor. xiii. 9, 10.

871

Matt. xxv. 41.

872

Luke xvi. 24.

873

Rev. xx. 10.

874

"Talio," i. e. the rendering of like for like, the punishment being exactly similar to the injury sustained.

875

Ex. xxi. 24.

876

Luke vi. 38.

877

Remanerent. But Augustine constantly uses the imp. for the plup. subjunctive.

878

Plato's own theory was that punishment had a twofold purpose, to reform and to deter. "No one punishes an offender on account of the past offence, and simply because he has done wrong, but for the sake of the future, that the offence may not be again committed, either by the same person or by any one who has seen him punished." – See the Protagoras, 324, b, and Grote's Plato, ii. 41.

879

Æneid, vi. 733.

880

Job vii. 1.

881

Compare Goldsmith's saying, "We begin life in tears, and every day tells us why."

882

Ecclus. xl. 1.

883

2 Tim. ii. 19.

884

Rom. viii. 14.

885

Gal. v. 17.

886

"Fari."

887

See Aug. Ep. 98, ad Bonifacium.

888

On the heresy of Origen, see Epiphanius (Epistola ad Joannem Hierosol.); Jerome (Epistola 61, ad Pammachium); and Augustine (De Hæres. 43). Origen's opinion was condemned by Anastasius (Jerome, Apologia adv. Ruffinum, and Epistola 78, ad Pammachium), and after Augustine's death by Vigilius and the Emperor Justinian, in the Fifth Œcumenical Council (Nicephorus Callistus, xvii. 27, and the Acts of the Council, iv. 11). – Coquæus.

889

Ps. lxxvii. 9.

890

Ps. xxxi. 19.