The City of God, Volume II

1 Cor. iv. 9.

61

Phil. iii. 14.

62

Rom. xii. 15.

63

2 Cor. vii. 5.

64

Phil. i. 23.

65

Rom. i. 11-13.

66

2 Cor. xi. 1-3.

67

Rom. ix. 2.

68

Rom. x. 3.

69

2 Cor. xii. 21.

70

Mark iii. 5.

71

John xi. 15.

72

John xi. 35.

73

Luke xxii. 15.

74

Matt. xxvi. 38.

75

Rom. i. 31.

76

Ps. lxix. 20.

77

Crantor, an Academic philosopher quoted by Cicero, Tusc. Quæst. iii. 6.

78

1 John i. 8.

79

1 John iv. 18.

80

Rom. viii. 15.

81

Ps. xix. 9.

82

Ps. ix. 18.

83

Matt. v. 28.

84

Gen. i. 28.

85

Gen. vi. 6, and 1 Sam. xv. 11.

86

Eccles. vii. 29.

87

John viii. 36.

88

1 Tim. ii. 14.

89

Rom. v. 12.

90

Gen. iii. 12.

91

Ecclus. x. 13.

92

Matt. vii. 18.

93

Defecit.

94

Ps. lxxiii. 18.

95

Gen. iii. 5.

96

Prov. xviii. 12.

97

That is to say, it was an obvious and indisputable transgression.

98

Ps. lxxxiii. 16.

99

Gen. iii. 12, 13.

100

Phil. ii. 8.

101

Ps. cxliv. 4.

102

Cicero, Tusc. Quæst. iii. 6 and iv. 9. So Aristotle.

103

1 Thess. iv. 4.

104

Gen. ii. 25.

105

An error which arose from the words, "The eyes of them both were opened," Gen. iii. 7. – See De Genesi ad lit. ii. 40.

106

Gen. iii. 6.

107

This doctrine and phraseology of Augustine being important in connection with his whole theory of the fall, we give some parallel passages to show that the words are not used at random: De Genesi ad lit. xi. 41; De Corrept. et Gratia, xi. 31; and especially Cont. Julian. iv. 82.

108

Gen. iii. 7.

109

See Plato's Republic, book iv.

110

The one word being the Latin form, the other the Greek, of the same adjective.

111

By Diogenes Laertius, vi. 69, and Cicero, De Offic. i. 41.

112

Gen. i. 28.

113

Ps. cxxxviii. 3.

114

Gen. i. 27, 28.

115

Matt. xix. 4, 5.

116

Eph. v. 25.

117

Luke xx. 34.

118

See Virgil, Georg. iii. 136.

119

Rom. i. 26.

120

The position of Calama is described by Augustine as between Constantine and Hippo, but nearer Hippo. —Contra Lit. Petil. ii. 228. A full description of it is given in Poujoulat's Histoire de S. Augustin, i. 340, who says it was one of the most important towns of Numidia, eighteen leagues south of Hippo, and represented by the modern Ghelma. It is to its bishop, Possidius, we owe the contemporary Life of Augustine.

121

Andr. ii. 1, 5.

122

1 Tim. i. 5.

123

Compare Basil's Homily on Paradise, and John Damascene, De Fide Orthod. ii. 11.

124

Ps. cxi. 2.

125

Ps. iii. 3.

126

Ps. xviii. 1.

127

Rom. i. 21-25.

128

1 Cor. xv. 28.

129

1 Cor. xv. 46.

130

Rom. ix. 21.

131

Gen. iv. 17.

132

Comp. De Trin. xv. c. 15.

133

Gal. iv. 21-31.

134

Rom. ix. 22, 23.

135

Wisdom viii. 1.

136

Lucan, Phar. i. 95.

137

Gal. v. 17.

138

Gal. vi. 2.

139

1 Thess. v. 14, 15.

140

Gal. vi. 1.

141

Eph. iv. 26.

142

Matt. xviii. 15.

143

1 Tim. v. 20.

144

Heb. xii. 14.

145

Matt. xviii. 35.

146

Rom. vi. 12, 13.

147

Gen. iv. 6, 7.

148

Literally, "division."

149

1 John iii. 12.

150

We alter the pronoun to suit Augustine's interpretation.

151

Gal. v. 17.

152

Rom. vii. 17.

153

Rom. vi. 13.

154

Gen. iii. 16.

155

Eph. v. 28, 29.

156

C. Faustum. Man. xii. c. 9.

157

Gen. iv. 17.

158

Gen. iv. 25.

159

Lamech, according to the LXX.

160

Ex. xii. 37.

161

Virgil, Æneid, xii. 899, 900. Compare the Iliad, v. 302, and Juvenal, xv. 65 et seqq.

"Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos."

162

Plin. Hist. Nat. vii. 16.

163

See the account given by Herodotus (i. 67) of the discovery of the bones of Orestes, which, as the story goes, gave a stature of seven cubits.

164

Pliny, Hist. Nat. vii. 49, merely reports what he had read in Hellanicus about the Epirotes of Etolia.

165

"Our own mss.," of which Augustine here speaks, were the Latin versions of the Septuagint used by the Church before Jerome's was received; the "Hebrew mss." were the versions made from the Hebrew text. Compare De Doct. Christ. ii. 15 et seqq.

166

Jerome (De Quæst. Heb. in Gen.) says it was a question famous in all the churches. – Vives.

167

"Quos in auctoritatem celebriorum Ecclesia suscepit."

168

See below, book xviii. c. 42-44.

169

C. 8.

170

On this subject see Wilkinson's note to the second book (appendix) of Rawlinson's Herodotus, where all available references are given.

171

One hundred and eighty-seven is the number given in the Hebrew, and one hundred and sixty-seven in the Septuagint; but notwithstanding the confusion, the argument of Augustine is easily followed.

172

Gen. vii. 10, 11 (in our version the seventeenth day).

173

Gen. viii. 4, 5.

174

Ps. xc. 10.

175

Gen. iv. 1.

176

Gen. iv. 25.

177

Gen. v. 6.

178

Gen. v. 8.

179

Matt. i.

180

His own children being the children of his sister, and therefore his nephews.

181

This was allowed by the Egyptians and Athenians, never by the Romans.

182

Both in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, though not uniformly, nor in Latin commonly.

183

Gen. v. 2.

184

Luke xx. 35, 36.

185

Gen. iv. 18-22.

186

Gen. iv. 26.

187

Rom. viii. 24, 25.

188

Rom. x. 13.

189

Jer. xvii. 5.

190

Æneid, i. 288.

191

Æneid, iii. 97.

192

Luke xx. 34.

193

Rom. ix. 5.

194

Eusebius, Jerome, Bede, and others, who follow the Septuagint, reckon only 2242 years, which Vives explains by supposing Augustine to have made a copyist's error.

195

Transgreditur.

196

Ps. li. 3.

197

Gen. v. 1.

198

Ps. xlix. 11.

199

Ps. lxxiii. 20.

200

Ps. lii. 8.

201

Ps. xl. 4.

202

Or, according to another reading, "Which I briefly said in these verses in praise of a taper."

203

Cant. ii. 4.

204

See De Doct. Christ. i. 28.

205

Ps. civ. 4.

206

On these kinds of devils, see the note of Vives in loc., or Lecky's Hist. of Rationalism, i. 26, who quotes from Maury's Histoire de la Magie, that the Dusii were Celtic spirits, and are the origin of our "Deuce."

207

2 Pet. ii. 4.

208

Mark i. 2.

209

Mal. ii. 7.

210

Gen. vi. 1-4. Lactantius (Inst. ii. 15), Sulpicius Severus (Hist. i. 2), and others suppose from this passage that angels had commerce with the daughters of men. See further references in the Commentary of Pererius in loc.

211

Aquila lived in the time of Hadrian, to whom he is said to have been related. He was excommunicated from the Church for the practice of astrology; and is best known by his translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, which he executed with great care and accuracy, though he has been charged with falsifying passages to support the Jews in their opposition to Christianity.

212

Ps. lxxxii. 6.

213

Baruch iii. 26-28.

214

Lit.: "The Lord thought and reconsidered."

215

Gen. vi. 5-7.

216

1 Tim. ii. 5.

217

In his second homily on Genesis.

218

Acts vii. 22.

219

This book is referred to in another work of Augustine's (contra Advers. Legis et Prophet. i. 18), which was written about the year 420.

220

Gen. vi. 19, 20.

221

Gen. ix. 25.

222

Gen. ix. 26, 27.

223

See Contra Faust. xii. c. 22 sqq.

224

Song of Solomon i. 3.

225

1 Cor. xi. 19.

226

Prov. x. 5 (LXX.).

227

Matt. vii. 20.

228

Phil. i. 18.

229

Isa. v. 7.

230

Matt. xx. 22.

231

Matt. xxvi. 39.

232

2 Cor. xiii. 4.

233

1 Cor. i. 25.

234

Augustine here follows the Greek version, which introduces the name Elisa among the sons of Japheth, though not found in the Hebrew. It is not found in the Complutensian Greek translation, nor in the mss. used by Jerome.

235

Gen. x. 21.

236

Gen. xi. 1-9.

237

Ex. x.

238

Ps. xcv. 6.

239

Job xv. 13.

240

1 Cor. iii. 9.

241

Gen. i. 26.

242

Gen. xi. 6.

243

Virgil, Æneid, iv. 592.

244

Here Augustine remarks on the addition of the particle ne to the word non, which he has made to bring out the sense.

245

Gen. i. 24.

246

Pliny, Hist. Nat. vii. 2; Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att. ix. 4.

247

From πυγμή, a cubit.

248

Gen. x. 25.

249

Ps. xiv. 3, 4, liii. 3, 4.

250

Gen. x. 25.

251

Josh. xxiv. 2.

252

Gen. xi. 27-29.

253

Gen. xi. 31.

254

Gen. xxiv. 10.

255

Judith v. 5-9.

256

Gen. xi. 32.

257

Gen. xii. 1.

258

Gen. xii. 4.

259

Gen. xi. 1.

260

Gen. xii. 1.

261

Acts vii. 2, 3.

262

Acts vii. 4.

263

Gen. xii. 1.

264

Various reading, "of our Lord Jesus Christ."

265

Gen. xii. 1-3.

266

Acts vii. 2.

267

Gen. xii. 7.

268

Gen. xiii. 8, 9.

269

Gen. xiii. 14-17.

270

Various reading, "the express promise."

271

Ps. cx. 4.

272

Rom. iv. 3; Gen. xv. 6.

273

Gen. xv. 7.

274

Gen. xv. 9-21.

275

Luke i. 34.

276

Luke i. 35.

277

Various reading, "who are to remain."

278

Matt. xxiv. 21.

279

Gen. xi. 32.

280

Gal. iii. 17.

281

1 Cor. vii. 4.

282

Gen. xvi. 6.

283

Gen. xv. 4.

284

Gen. xvii. 1-22. The passage is given in full by Augustine.

285

Gen. xvii. 14.

286

Rom. v. 12, 19.

287

Gen. ii. 17.

288

Ecclus. xv. 17.

289

Rom. iv. 15.

290

Ps. cxix. 119. Augustine and the Vulgate follow the LXX.

291

Gen. xvii. 5, 6, 16.

292

Heb. xi. 11.

293

Heb. xi. 12.

294

Gen. xviii. 2, 3.

295

Gen. xix. 2.

296

Gen. xix. 16-19.

297

Gen. xix. 21.

298

Heb. xiii. 2.

299

Gen. xviii. 18.

300

Gen. xx. 12.

301

Gen. xxi. 6.

302

Gal. iv. 24-26.

303

Gen. xxi. 12, 13.

304

Rom. ix. 7, 8.

305

Heb. xi. 17-19.

306

Rom. viii. 32.

307

Gen. xxii. 10-12.

308

Gen. xxii. 14.

309

Gen. xxii. 15-18.

310

Gen. xvii. 17.

311

Gen. xxiv. 2, 3.

312

Gen. xvi. 3.

313

Gen. xxv. 1.

314

Gen. xxv. 5, 6.

315

Rom. ix. 7, 8.

316

Gen. xxv. 23.

317

Rom. ix. 10-13.

318

Gen. xxvi. 1-5.

319

Gen. xxvi. 24.

320

Gen. xxv. 27.

321

Gen. xxvii. 27-29.

322

Gen. xxvii. 33.

323

Gen. xxviii. 1-4.

324

Gen. xxi. 12.

325

Beer-sheba.

326

Gen. xxviii. 10-19.

327

John i. 47, 51.

328

Gen. xxxii. 28: Israel = "a prince of God;" ver. 30: Peniel = "the face of God."

329

Ps. xviii. 45.

330

Augustine here follows the Septuagint, which at Gen. xlvi. 20 adds these names to those of Manasseh and Ephraim, and at ver. 27 gives the whole number as seventy-five.

331

Gen. l. 22, 23.

332

Gen. l. 23.

333

Gen. xlvi. 8.

334

Gen. xlix. 8-12.

335

John x. 18.

336

John ii. 19.

337

John xix. 30.

338

Gen. xlix. 12.

339

1 Pet. ii. 2; 1 Cor. iii. 2.

340

Gen. xxv. 23.

341

Gen. xlviii. 19.

342

Infans, from in, not, and fari, to speak.

343

"Has pointed."

344

Gen. xii. 1, 2.

345

Gen. xii. 3.

346

Gal. iv. 22-31.

347

Heb. viii. 8-10.

348

1 Sam. ii. 1-10.

349

Ps. xlviii. 2.

350

2 Tim. ii. 9; Eph. vi. 20.

351

Luke ii. 25-30.

352

Rom. iii. 26?

353

Gal. vi. 3.

354

Rom. x. 3.

355

Ps. xciv. 11; 1 Cor. iii. 20.

356

Ps. vi. 2.

357

Rom. iii. 2.

358

Rev. i. 4.

359

Prov. ix. 1.

360

"By whom we see her made fruitful."

361

Col. iii. 1-3.

362

Rom. viii. 32.

363

Ps. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 27, 31.

364

2 Cor. viii. 9.

365

Jas. iv. 6; 1 Pet. v. 5.

366

"For the poor man is the same as the beggar."

367

Phil. iii. 7, 8.

368

Matt. xix. 27, 28.

369

1 Cor. iv. 7.

370

1 John iv. 7.

371

2 Cor. v. 10.

372

Ps. lxxiv. 12.

373

Acts x. 42.

374

Eph. iv. 9, 10.

375

Matt. xxiv. 13.

376

1 Cor. 12.

377

1 Sam. ii. 27-36.

378

Ps. xvii. 8.

379

Isa. x. 21.

380

Rom. xi. 5.

381

Isa. xxviii. 22; Rom. ix 28.

382

Ps. xii. 6.

383

Ps. lxxxiv. 10.

384

1 Tim. ii. 5.

385

1 Pet. ii. 9.

386

1 Cor. x. 17.

387

Rom. xii. 1.

388

John vi. 51.

389

Heb. vii. 11, 27.

390

Matt. xxiv. 15.

391

1 Sam. xxiv. 5, 6.

392

1 Sam. xiii. 13, 14.

393

Heb. ix. 15.

394

Luke xix. 10.

395

Eph. i. 4.

396

1 Sam. xv. 23.

397

1 Sam. xv. 26-29.

398

Rom. i. 3.

399

1 Tim. ii. 5.

400

Ps. cx. 1.

401

Gen. xxi. 10.

402

Gal. iv. 25.

403

2 Cor. iii. 15, 16.