The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))

192

Campbell, Voyage Round the World, N. Y., 1819, p. 153.

193

Frazer, Totemism, Edinburgh, 1887, p. 28.

194

Historia de Chile, Madrid, 1795, vol. 2, p. 80.

195

Spencer, Desc. Sociology.

196

Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 256.

197

Tanner's Narrative, p. 122.

198

Kitchi-gami, p. 344.

199

Voyages, p. 323.

200

Kane, Wanderings of an Artist in North America, p. 399.

201

Native Races, vol. 1, p. 553.

202

Hawkins, quoted by Gatschet, Migration Legend of the Creeks, Philadelphia, 1884, vol. 1, p. 185.

203

Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, September, 1886, p. 279.

204

Everard F. im Thurn, Indians of Guiana, p. 218.

205

Crantz, History of Greenland, London, 1767, vol. 1, pp. 210-211.

206

Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, pp. 275, 288.

207

Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.

208

Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, vol. 2, p. 544.

209

Travels to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768, etc., Dublin, 1791, vol. 3, p. 410.

210

Desc. Sociology.

211

Ibid., quoting Schoolcraft.

212

"Saca de su carcax algunos pies y unas de águila secos y endurecidos, con los cuales, comienza á sajarle desde los hombros hasta las muñecas." – Historia de la Compañía de Jesus en Nueva España, Mexico, 1842, vol. 2, pp. 218, 219.

213

Shâyast lâ-shâyast, cap. 3, par. 32, p. 284 (Max Müller edition, Oxford, 1880). When the "drôn" has been marked with three rows of finger-nail scratches it is called a "frasast."

214

Head-Hunters of Borneo, London, 1881, p. 139.

215

See, for the New Hebrides, Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, p. 255.

216

Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1882-'83, p. 482.

217

Speke, Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 306, 310.

218

Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 276.

219

De Gama's Discovery of the East Indies, in Knox, Voyages, London, 1767, vol. 2, p. 324.

220

Andrew K. Ober, in the Salem Gazette, Salem, Mass.

221

Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508; also, Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, pp. 307, 308.

222

Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 1, p. 435

223

Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 1, p. 66.

224

English edition, New York, 1842, p. 271.

225

Kingsborough, vol. 6, p. 100.

226

Godfrey Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 2, book 1, cap. 4, sec. 9, p. 81.

227

Y ponía delante un canuto grande y queso [grueso?] para con que bebiese: este canuto llamaban "bebedero del Sol." – Diego Duran, vol. 1, cap. 38, p. 386.

228

Smithsonian Contributions, vol. 1, p. 151.

229

The reed, which is the proper meaning of the word "acatl," is the hieroglyphic of the element water. Veytia, quoted by Thomas, in 3rd Ann. Rep., Bu. Eth., 1881-1882, p. 42 et seq.

230

Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 260.

231

Picart, Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, part 2, p. 103.

232

Vâsishtha, cap. 3, pars. 26-30, pp. 20-21. Sacred Books of the East, Oxford, 1882, vol. 14, edition of Max Müller.

233

Ibid.

234

Diego Duran, loc. cit.

235

See Dall, Masks and Labrets, p. 151.

236

Peter Carder, an Englishman captive among the Brazilians, 1578-1586, in Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 6, cap. 5, p. 1189.

237

Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 8, cap. 1, sec. 2, p. 1508.

238

Dec. 4, lib. 4, p. 69.

239

Dec. 3, lib. 2, p. 67.

240

Ibid., p. 70.

241

Histoire Naturelle des Indes, Paris, 1600, lib. 5, cap. 9, p. 224.

242

History of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 6.

243

Duran, op. cit., vol. 3, cap. 4, p. 211.

244

Brasseur de Bourbourg's translation, cap. 12, p. 175.

245

Picart, Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1743, vol. 8, p. 287.

246

Deane, Serpent Worship, London, 1833, p. 410.

247

The medicine sack or bag of the Apache, containing their "hoddentin," closely resembles the "bullæ" of the Romans – in which "On y mettait des préservatifs contre les maléfices." Musée de Naples, London, 1836, p. 4. Copy shown me by Mr. Spofford, of the Library of Congress.

248

Information of Tze-go-juni.

249

Information of Concepcion.

250

See notes, a few pages farther on, from Kohl; also those from Godfrey Higgins. The word "opé" suggests the name the Tusayan have for themselves, Opi, or Opika, "bread people."

251

Information of Tze-go-juni.

252

Information of Mike Burns.

253

Information of Mickey Free.

254

Information of Alchise, Mike, and others.

255

Information of Francesca and other captive Chiricahua squaws.

256

Information of Moses Henderson.

257

Information of Chato.

258

Information of Tze-go-juni.

259

Information of Moses Henderson and other Apache at San Carlos.

260

Bureau of Ethnology, Report for 1883-'84.

261

Information of Francesca and others.

262

Information of Tze-go-juni.

263

Smart, in Smithsonian Report for 1867, p. 419.

264

Snake Dance of Moquis of Arizona, New York, 1884.

265

In the third volume of Kingsborough, on plate 17 (Aztec picture belonging to M. Pejernavy, Pesth, Hungary), an Aztec, probably a priest, is shown offering food to a snake, which eats it out of his hand.

266

Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, November, 1886, pp. 336-37.

267

Information of Moses Henderson.

268

American Antiquarian, Sept. and Nov., 1886.

269

Ann. Rep. Bu. Eth., 1883-'84.

270

Snake Dance of the Moquis.

271

Interview with Pedro Pino.

272

Kunque has added to the cornmeal the meal of two varieties of corn, blue and yellow, a small quantity of pulverized sea shells, and some sand, and when possible a fragment of the blue stone called "chalchihuitl." In grinding the meal on the metates the squaws are stimulated by the medicine-men who keep up a constant singing and drumming.

273

Simpson, Expedition to the Navajo Country, in Senate Doc. 64, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 1849-'50, p. 95.

274

Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 470. "Echavan mucha harina de maiz por el suelo para que la pisassen los caballos." – Padre Fray Juan Gonzales de Mendoza, De las Cosas de Chino, etc., Madrid, 1586, p. 172. See also the Relacion of Padre Fray Alonso Fernandez, Historia Eclesiastica de Nuestros Tiempos, Toledo, 1611, pp. 15, 16.

275

P. 162.

276

Diego Duran, vol. 2, cap. 49, pp. 506, 507.

277

Herrera, dec. 5., lib. 4, cap. 5, p. 92.

278

Padre Christoval de Molina, Fables and Rites of the Yncas, translated by Markham in Hakluyt Soc. Trans., vol. 48, p. 63, London, 1873.

279

Montesinos, pp. 161, 162, in Ternaux-Compans, vol. 17, Mémoires sur l'ancien Pérou.

280

Relation of the voyage of Don Fernando Alarcon, in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.

281

Alarcon in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, p. 330. See also in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 516.

282

Kitchi-gami, London, 1860, p. 51.

283

See also on the subject Acosta, Hist. Naturelle des Indes, lib. 5, cap. 19, p. 241.

284

Landa, Cosas de Yucatan, Paris, 1864, page 148.

285

Bancroft, Native Races, vol. 2, p. 145. See also Clavigero, Hist. of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 128.

286

Smith, Araucanians, 1855, pp. 274-275.

287

Smith, True Travels, Adventures and Observations, Richmond, 1819, vol. 1, p. 161.

288

Cérémonies et Coûtumes, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 74.

289

Historia de las Indias, p. 284.

290

Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1886, vol. 1, p. 930.

291

Mœurs des Sauvages, Paris, 1724, vol. 1, p. 386.

292

Personal notes of May 26, 1881; conversation with Chi and Damon at Fort Defiance. Navajo Agency, Arizona.

293

Ibid.

294

Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 160.

295

Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vol. 4, p. 213.

296

Columbus Letters, in Hakluyt Soc. Works, London, 1847, vol. 2, p. 192.

297

Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 279.

298

The medicine-men of the Swampy Crees, as described in Bishop of Rupert's Land's works, quoted by Henry Youle Hind, Canadian Exploring Expedition, vol. 1, p. 113.

299

Personal notes, November 22, 1885, at Baker's ranch, summit of the Sierra Ancha, Arizona.

300

Tanner's Narrative, p. 174.

301

Blount, Tenures of Land and Customs of Manors, London, 1874, p. 355.

302

Brand, Popular Antiquities, London, 1882, vol. 3, pp. 307 et seq.

303

Crónica Seráfica, p. 434.

304

Nicolas Perrot, Mœurs, Coustumes et Relligion des sauvages de l'Amérique Septentrionale (Ed. of Rev. P. J. Tailhan, S.J.,) Leipzig, 1864. Perrot was a coureur de bois, interpreter, and donné of the Jesuit missions among the Ottawa, Sioux, Iowa, etc., from 1665 to 1701.

305

Leems', Account of Danish Lapland, in Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1814, vol. 1, p. 484.

306

Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 277.

307

Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 118, 120.

308

Source of the Nile, London, 1863, introd., p. xxi.

309

Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 2, p. 201.

310

Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 130, 259.

311

Dark Continent, vol. 2, p. 260.

312

Schultze, Fetichism, New York, 1885, p. 53.

313

Ibid., footnote, page 53.

314

Ibid., p. 67.

315

Asiatick Researches, Calcutta, 1805, vol. 8, p. 78.

316

Coleman, Mythology of the Hindus, London, 1832, p. 44.

317

History of the Sect of the Mahárájahs, quoted by Inman, Ancient Faiths, etc., vol. 1, p. 393.

318

Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 1, p. 261.

319

Picart, Cérémonies et Coûtumes, etc., vol. 6, part 2, p. 119.

320

Among the Mongols, London, 1883, p. 179.

321

Wright, Sorcery and Magic, London, 1851, vol. 1, p. 346.

322

Anacalypsis, vol. 2, p. 244.

323

Rivers of Life, vol. 1, p. 161.

324

Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 205, 208.

325

Sahagun, vol. 2, in Kingsborough, vol. 6, p. 29.

326

Forlong, Rivers of Life, vol. 1, p. 184.

327

Ibid., pp. 185, 186.

328

Ibid., p. 186.

329

Dec. 6, lib. 1, p. 9.

330

Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, vol. 7, pp. 242, 250.

331

Relation of Cabeza de Vaca in Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 8, cap. 1, sec. 4, p. 1524.

332

Conquest of New Mexico, p. 100.

333

Ensayo Cronologico, pp. 12 et seq.

334

See also on this point Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, November, 1886.

335

Rau's translation in Smithsonian Ann. Rep., 1863, p. 364.

336

Probably the Lake of Parras.

337

Historia de la Compañía de Jesus en Nueva-España, vol. 1, p. 284.

338

History of Virginia.

339

See also article by J. Howard Gore, Smithsonian Report, 1881.

340

Pinkerton, Voyages, London, 1814, vol. 13, p. 468.

341

Personal notes, April 5, 1881.

342

Drake, World Encompassed, pp. 124-126, quoted by H. H. Bancroft, Native Races, vol. 1, pp. 387-388. (This chaplain stated so many things ignorantly that nothing is more probable than that he attempted to describe, without seeing it, the plant from which the Indians told him that hoddentin (or downe) was obtained. The principal chief or "king" would, on such an awe-inspiring occasion as meeting with strange Europeans, naturally want to cover himself and followers with all the hoddentin the country afforded.)

343

Kennan, Tent Life in Siberia, p. 66.

344

Quoted by Kingsborough, vol. 6, p. 100.

345

Torquemada, Monarchia Indiana, vol. 2, lib. 10, cap. 22, p. 274.

346

Gallatin, in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc., vol. 1, pp. 117-118.

347

Vetancurt, Teatro Mexicano, vol. 1, p. 271.

348

Mœurs des Sauvages, vol. 2, pp. 194, 195.

349

Madrid, 1870, vol. 14, p. 320.

350

Ibid.

351

Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, vol. 9, p. 159.

352

Among others consult Crónica Seráfica y Apostolica of Espinosa, Mexico, 1746, p. 419, speaking of the Asinai of Texas in 1700: "Siembran tambien cantidad de Gyrasoles que se dan muy corpulentos y la flor muy grande que en el centro tienen la semilla como de piñones y de ella mixturada con el maiz hacen un bollo que es de mucho sabor y sustancia."

353

Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nations Civilisées, quoted by Bancroft, Native Races, vol. 3, p. 421.

354

Sahagun, in book 7, Kingsborough, p. 71.

355

Squier, Serpent Symbol, p. 193, quoting Torquemada, lib. 7, cap. 8.

356

History of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 79. See the additional note from Clavigero, which would seem to show that this etzalli was related to the espadaña or rush.

357

Monarchia Indiana, vol. 2, lib. 6, cap. 38, p. 71.

358

Ibid., p. 72.

359

Ibid., p. 73.

360

Dec. 3, lib. 2, pp. 71, 72.

361

Native Races, vol. 3, p. 323.

362

Diego Duran, vol. 3, p. 187.

363

See notes already given from Buckingham Smith's translation of Vaca.

364

Diego Duran, vol. 3, p. 195.

365

José Acosta, Hist. des Indes, ed. of Paris, 1600, liv. 5, cap. 24, p. 250.

366

Monarchia Indiana, lib. 10, cap. 33.

367

Ibid., lib. 6, cap. 48.

368

From Paris to Pekin, London, 1885, pp. 312, 313.

369

New York, 1830, p. 191.

370

Dubois, People of India, London, 1817, p. 490.

371

Gomara, Historia de Méjico, p. 445.

372

Mendieta, Hist. Eclesiástica Ind., p. 108.

373

Ibid., p. 402.

374

Ibid., p. 515.

375

Gomara, Historia de Méjico, p. 446.

376

From the account of lecture appearing in the Evening Star, Washington, D. C., May 19, 1888.

377

Herrera, dec. 5, lib. 4, cap. 5, p. 92

378

Balboa, Histoire du Pérou, in Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, vol. 15, pp. 124 and 127.

379

See the explanatory text to the Codex Mendoza, in Kingsborough, vol. 5, p. 90 et seq.

380

Historia de Méjico, p. 439.

381

Clavigero, History of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 101.

382

"They strewed the temple in a curious way with rushes." – Ibid., p. 78.

383

Native Races, vol. 3, pp. 334-343.

384

Sahagun, in Kingsborough, vol. 7, p. 16.

385

British Monachism, London, 1817, p. 289.

386

Kingsborough, vol. 7, p. 83, from Sahagun.

387

Ximenez, Guatemala, Translated by Scherzer, p. 13.

388

Cérémonies et Coûtumes, etc., vol. 1, p. 27.

389

"Tanta diferencia de manjares y de géneros de pan que era cosa estraña." – Diego Duran, vol. 3, cap. 4, p. 219.

390

Davis, Conquest of New Mexico, p. 273.

391

Commerce of the Prairies, vol. 2, p. 54.

392

Pacific R. R. Report, 1856, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 34.

393

Ibid., p. 34.

394

Ibid., p. 38.

395

"Los Apaches traian pieles de cibolas, gamuzas y otras cosas, á hacer cambio por maíz." "Venian con sus recuas de perros cargados mas de quinientos mercaderes cada año." – Teatro Mexicano, vol. 3, p. 323.

396

In burlesque survivals the use of flour prevails not only all over Latin Europe, but all such portions of America as are now or have been under Spanish or Portuguese domination. The breaking of eggshells over the heads of gentlemen upon entering a Mexican ball room is one manifestation of it. Formerly the shell was filled with flour.

397

Dr. W. Norton Whitney, Notes from the History of Medical Progress in Japan. Yokohama, 1885, p. 248.

398

The prayer of a Navajo Shaman, in American Anthropologist, vol. 1, No. 2, 1888, p. 169.

399

Kitchi-gami, pp. 416, 423, 424.

400

Anacalypsis, London, 1836, vol. 2, pp. 242-244.

401

Brand, Pop. Antiq., vol. 3, p. 285.

402

Ibid., vol. 1, p. 69.

403

Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 329 et seq.

404

Brinton, Myths of the New World, New York, 1868, pp. 278, 279.

405

Ximenez, Guatemala, p. 177.

406

Herrera, dec. 4, lib. 9, cap. 8, p. 188.

407

Balboa, Hist. du Pérou, in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 15, p. 29.

408

Mendieta, Hist. Eclesiástica Ind., p. 110.

409

Henry Youle Hind, Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exped., vol. 2, pp. 165, 166.

410

Lisiansky, Voyage Round the World, London, 1814, pp. 158, 221, 223.

411

London, 1814, pt. 2, pl. III, p. 113.

412

Ibid., pl. IV, pp. 194, 195.

413

Voyage, vol. 1, p. 282.

414

Native Races, vol. 1, p. 179.

415

Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 170, 171.

416

Père Louis Hennepin, Voyage, etc., Amsterdam, 1714, pp. 339-240. Ibid., translated by B. F. French, in Historical Collections of Louisiana, pt. 1, 1846.

417

Joutel's Journal, in Historical Collections of Louisiana, tr. by B. F. French, pp. 181, 1846.

418

Maj. Rogers, Account of North America, in Knox's Voyages, vol. 2, London, 1767, p. 167.

419

Picart, Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses, etc., Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 77.

420

Ibid., p. 89.

421

John De Laet, lib. 18, cap. 4; Gomara, Hist. de las Indias, p. 203; Padre Gumilla, Orinoco, pp. 68, 96.

422

Hans Staden, in Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, vol. 3, pp. 269, 299.

423

Peter Martyr, in Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. 5, p. 460.

424

Bancroft, Nat. Races of the Pacific Slope, vol. 1, p. 750.