A Gothic Grammar

*war (s. 78, n. 2), adj. (124, n. 1), wary, cautious, sober. [OE. wær, ME. war, adj., cautious, NE. ware (obs., but in beware = be-ware), extended wary (w. suff. – y).]

-wardjan, wv. (188), in fra-w. [Caus. of fra-waírþan, to go to ruin, corrupt (intr.)] [OE. wyrdan (< *weardian), werdan, ME. werde, to spoil.]

warei, f. (113), wariness, craftiness; II. Cor. IV, 2. [< war + suff. -ein-.]

wargiþa, f. (97), condemnation, judgment; II. Cor. III, 9. [< -wargs (in launa-wargs, an unthankful person. -wargs = OE. wearg, m., outlaw, criminal, wolf, ME. wari, weri, villain.) + suff. -iþô-. OE. wergðu, f., condemnation, punishment.]

warjan, wv. (187), to forbid, thwart. [OE. werian, ME. wer(i)e, to defend, ward off, OHG. werian, weren, MHG. wern, to hinder, protect, defend, NHG. wehren, to protect, defend.]

warmjan, wv. (188), to warm, cherish. [< *warms (= OE. wearm, ME. warm, NE. warm). OE. wyrman (< *wearmjan), ME. werme, warme, NE. warm.]

warþ, prt. of waírþan.

was, prt. of wisan.

wasjan, wv. (187), to vest, clothe, put on, dress, (1) tr., w. acc. and swa; Mt. VI, 30. (2) intr., w. instr.; Mt. VI, 25. 31. – Cpd. ga-w. [OE. werian (< *wazian), ME. were, wv., NE. wear (stv., by influence of bear).]

wasti, f. (98), garment, cloak; Mt. V, 40. Mk. V, 27. 28. 30; in pl. also raiment; Mt. VI, 25. 28. [< wasjan + suff. -tjô-.]

was-uþ-þan; s. the components.

watô, n. (110, n. 1), water; Mk. I, 8. 10. [Cf. OE. wæter (w. r-suffix), n., ME. water, NE. water.]

waúrd, n. (93), word; Mt. V, 37. Mk. I, 45. II, 2. IV, 14-20. 33. V, 36. Lu. II, 15. 17. 19. 29. 50. 51. II. Cor. I, 18. II, 17. IV, 2. V, 19. [OE. ME. word, n., NE. word.]

-waúrdjan, wv. (188), in filu-w. [< waúrd. OHG. – wurten, in ant-wurten (= Goth. and-waúrdjan), MHG. and-würten, NHG. antworten (by influence of antwort, f., answer), to answer.]

waúrkjan, anv. (209), (1) abs., to work (intr.), becum effectiv, w. in w. dat.; II. Cor. IV, 12. (2) w. acc. (in pass. the nom.), to work (tr.), do, make, produce, prepare, and dat. of pers.; Mk. III, 35. II. Cor. IV, 17; w. dubl. acc.; Mk. I, 3. Skeir. VII, b. – Cpd. ga-w. [OE. wyrcan (prt. worhte, pp. worht), ME. werke, worche (prt. wrohte, pp. wrocht, wrogt), NE. work (prt. and pp. wrought and worked).]

waúrms, m. (101), serpent. [OE. wyrm, wurm, serpent, ME. worm, wurm, NE. wurm.]

waúrstw, n. (94), work, deed. [For *waúrhstw < waúrkjan + suff. -s-twa-.]

waúrstweigs, adj. (124), effectiv, effectual; II. Cor. I, 6. [< waúrstw + suff. -ei-ga-.]

waúrstwja, m. (108), workman, laborer. [< waúrstw + suff. -jan-.]

waúrts, f. (103), wurt, root; Mk. IV, 6. 17. [OE. wyrt, f., herb, plant, root, ME. wort, NE. wurt.]

waúrþum, prt. of waírþan.

wêgs, m. (91, n. 5), a violent movement, as of billows; hense tempest; in pl. billows, waves; Mk. IV, 37. [< wigan. OE. wæ̂g, m., wave, billow, flud, sea, OHG. wag, MHG. wâg(-g-), m., flud, wave, river, sea, NHG. woge, f., wave, billow.]

weiha, m. (108), priest. [< weihs.]

weihan, stv. (172), to fight, strive, contend. [OE. wîgan (the g, for h, being due to the forms with grammatical change), OHG. wîhan (wîgan), MHG. wîgen, to contend, fight. The prsp. (uzed as a m. sb., = Goth. weihands) is seen in OE. wîgend, OHG. MHG. wîgant, NHG. weigand, m., warrior; cp. also OE. wîg, m., ME. wiᵹ, fight, batl.]

weihnan, wv. (194), to becum holy, be hallowd; Mt. VI, 9. [< weihs.]

weihs, adj. (124), holy; Mk. I, 8. III, 29. Lu. II, 25. 26. II. Cor. I, 1; w. gen.; Mk. I, 24. Lu. II, 23. [OHG. wîh, MHG. wîch (-h-), NHG. weih-, adj., holy, in weihnachten, Christmas, (lit. 'holy nights'), weihrauch, incense (lit. 'holy smoke').]

wein, n. (94), wine; Mk. II, 22. [< Lt. vinum > also OE. wîn, n., ME. win, NE. wine.]

weina-basi (88a, n. 1), n. (95), wineberry. [-basi = OHG. beri (r < s = z), n., MHG. bere, n. f., NHG. beere, f., berry; an extended form is OE. berige, f., ME. berie, NE. berry.]

weina-triu (88a, n. 1), n. (94, n. 1), 'wine-tree', vine.

wein-drugkja (88a, n. 1), m. (108), wine-drinker, wine-bibber.

weipan, stv. (172, n. 1), to crown. [OHG. *wîfan, MHG. wîfen (stv.), to swing, wind, prt. weif > the caus. weifen, to swing, reel, NHG. weifen, to reel.]

weis, pl. of ik.

-weisjan, wv. (188), to make wise, in fulla-w. [< -weis (s. unweis). OE. wîsian (prt. wîsode; Second Weak Conj.), ME. wise, OHG. wîsen (< wîsjan), MHG. wîsen, NHG. weisen, to direct, gide, show, instruct, lit. 'to make wise'.]

-weitan, stv. (172, n. 1; 197, n. 1), to see, only in fra-, in-w. [OE. wîtan, ME. wîte, to see, look, rebuke, NE. wite (Sp.), to reproach, blame.]

-weitjan, wv. (188), in faír-w. [< -weit, in fraweit (< fra-weitan), n., revenge, MHG. ver-wîȥ, NHG. verweis, m., rebuke, reproof; and id-weit, n., reproach, = OE. idwît, n., ME. edwit, reproach, blame.]

weitwôdei, f. (113), witness, testimony; II. Cor. I, 12. [< weitwôþs.]

weitwôdiþa, f. (97), witness, testimony; Mk. I, 44. [< weitwôþs + suff. -iþô-.]

*weitwôþs, weitwôds (30; 74, n. 2), m. (117), witness. [< √ of -weitan, witan. Cf. Brgm., II, § 136, 5.]

wênjan, wv. (188), to hope, trust, expect, (1) w. acc. and inf.; II. Cor. V, 11. (2) w. a clause introduced by ei; II. Cor. I, 13; so w. du w. dat.; II. Cor. I, 10. [< wêns. OE. wênan, ME. wene, wêne, to suppose, NE. ween (obs. or poet.).]

wêns, f. (103), expectation, hope; II. Cor. I, 6. III, 12. [OE. wên, ê is i-uml. of ô, for (West-Germanic) â = Goth. ê, f., hope, expectation, ME. wene, OHG. MHG. wân, opinion, belief, hope, NHG. wahn, m., delusion, fancy.]

wêsi, wêsun (-uþ = -uh); prt. of wisan (204).

-widan, stv. (176, n. 1), to bind, in ga-w. [OHG. wetan, MHG. weten, to bind, join, yoke. Its √ is containd also in OE. wæ̂d, f., wæ̂de, n., ME. wêde, NE. weed, garment.]

widuwô, f. (112), widow; Lu. II, 37. [OE. widewe, widwe, f., ME. widewe, NE. widow.]

-wigan, stv. (176, n. 1), to move, shake up, in ga-w. [OE. wegan, ME. weye, to carry, bear, move, weigh, NE. weigh.]

wigs, m. (91), way; Mt. V, 25. Mk. I, 2. 3. IV, 4. 15. Lu. II, 44. [OE. weg, m., ME. wei, wey, NE. way.]

wileis, prs. opt. of wiljan.

Wilia (40, n. 1), pr. n.

wilja, m. (108), wil; Mt. VI, 10. Mk. III, 35. Lu. II, 14. II. Cor. I, 1. [< wiljan. OE. willa, m., ME. wille, NE. wil.]

wilja-halþei (88a), f. (113, n. 2), special favor. [< *wiljahalþs, adj., < wilja- (stem of -wiljis, in cpds., willing, < wiljan) + -halþs = OE. heald, adj., inclined; cp. OHG. halda, MHG. NHG. halde, f., declivity.]

wiljan, anv. (205), to wil, wish, (1) abs.; Mk. I, 40. 41. (2) w. acc.; Mt. V, 40. Mk. III, 13. (3) w. swa filu swê; Skeir. VII, c. (4) w. inf.; Mt. V, 40. 42. II. Cor. I, 15. V, 4. Skeir. VII, c; w. acc. and inf. (wisan being understood); II. Cor. I, 8. [OE. willan (prt. wolde, wulde), ME. wille (prt. wolde), NE. wil (prt. would).]

wilþeis, adj. (127), wild; Mk. I, 6 (gloss). [OE. wilde, ME. wild, NE. wild.]

wilwan, stv. (174, n. 1), to plunder, rob, w. acc.; Mk. III, 27. – Cpd. dis-w.

-windan, stv. (174, n. 1), to wind, only in bi- (du-, ga-, us-) w., to wind round, inwrap, swathe, w. acc.; Lu. II, 7; pp. biwundans, wrapt; Lu. II, 12. [OE. windan, ME. winde, NE. wind.]

winds, m. (91), wind; Mk. IV, 37. 39. 41. [OE. wind, m., ME. NE. wind.]

winnan, stv. (174, n. 1), to suffer, sorrow, (1) abs.; Lu. II, 48. (2) w. acc.; II. Cor. I, 6. [OE. winnan, to fight, strugl, toil, ge-w., to (obtain by fighting), win, ME. winne, to fight, acquire, win, NE. win.]

wis, n. (94), a calm; Mk. IV, 39. [< wisan.]

wisan, stv. (176, n. 1), (1) to dwel, abide, remain; II. Cor. III, 11. 14. V, 6. (2) to be, be present, exist, liv. (In this and the follg. senses wisan supplies the defects of the sb. v.: im, is, ist, sijau, etc.; s. 204. It is frequently understood. – For nist, etc., s. 10, n. 2; 4, n. 1); Mt. VI, 30. Lu. II, 25. 36. II. Cor. IV, 7. Skeir. VII, b. ufarassus w., to abound; II. Cor. I, 5. (3) w. dat. (as in Gr. which sumtimes has the gen.), to be, belong or pertain to; hense to hav; so occasionally folld. by a partit. gen.; Mk. I, 24. V, 7. Lu. II, 7. (4) w. a gen. in the pred., to be of, belong to, (a) poss.; II. Cor. II, 3, (b) qualitativ; Mk. V, 42. (5) to be anything or in any manner, (a) w. an adv. in the pred.; Mt. VI, 25. Mk. IV, 26. 36; (b) w. a prep. in the pred.; Skeir. VII, a; (c) the pred. is a complete sentence or an elliptical frase (as in Gr.), (α) in a dir. quotation; Mt. V, 37. II. Cor. I, 18; (β) introduced by a rel. particl: þatei; Mk. II, 16; þarei; Mk. IV, 15; swaswê; Mt. VI, 5; (d) the pred. is a prsp. denoting duration; Mt. V, 25. Mk. I, 4. 22. 39. II, 6. 18. IV, 38. V, 5. 40. Lu. II, 8. 33. 51. II. Cor. I, 9. II, 9. 11. 17. V, 19; (e) the pred. is a pp., (α) w. an act. meaning; Mk. I, 33; cp. II, 24. 26. III, 4. II. Cor. IV, 10. V, 10; (β) w. a pass. meaning; Mk. I, 6. V, 11. Lu. II, 26. II. Cor. IV, 3; preceded by the art.; Mk. IV, 16. 18. 20. V, 14; wisan being auxiliary v.; Mt. V, 21. 27. 31. 33. 38. 43. Mk. I, 2. 5. 9. III, 9. 21. IV, 11. V, 4. Lu. II, 3. 11. 17. 20. 21. 23. 24. 33. II. Cor. I, 4. 8. Skeir. VII, c; (f) the pred. is a rel. clause (cp. (c), abuv); Mk. IV, 22. II. Cor. II, 2. Skeir. VII, d; (g) the pred. is an adj.; Mt. V, 29. 30. 48. VI, 22. 23. 26. Mk. I, 7. II, 9. 25. III, 29. IV, 17. 31. 40. V, 18. 34. Lu. II, 5. 25. II. Cor. I, 18. II, 16. III, 3. 5. 10. IV, 18. V, 6. 8. 11. – Cp. also 5, e, α, abuv; (h) the pred. is a sb., either alone or w. an attribute; Mt. V, 34. 35. VI, 12. 22. 23. Mk. I, 11. 16. II, 28. III, 11. 35. IV, 38. V, 9. Lu. II, 2. 11. 12. 25. 37. II. Cor. I, 7. 12. 14. 19. 24. II, 15. III, 2. 3. 9. 17. IV, 4; (i) the pred. is a prn., (α) interr.; Mk. I, 24. 27. III, 33. IV, 41. V, 9; (β) poss.; Mt. VI, 13; (j) the pred. is a num., (α) def.; Mk. V, 13; (β) indef.; Mk. II, 15. V, 9. (6) to be, be calld, mean: þat' ist, that is (to say); þatei ist, which is, that is (to say); Mk. III, 17. V, 41; ƕa ist þatei, how is it that?; Mk. II, 16. (7) to be, be present, be found, (a) w. an adv.: hêr; Skeir. VII, a; jainar; Mk. III, 1. V, 11. Lu. II, 6; þarei; Mk. II, 4. V, 40. II. Cor. III, 17; þaruh; Mt. VI, 21. II. Cor. III, 17; ûta; Mk. I, 45; (b) w. a prep.: ana; Mk. I, 45. IV, 1. 38. Lu. II, 25. 40; at; II. Cor. I, 17; faúra; Mk. V, 21; fram; II. Cor. I, 2; in; Mt. V, 25. VI, 4. Mk. I, 13. 23. II, 1. IV, 36. V, 5. 25. Lu. II, 5. 8. 25. 44. 49. II. Cor. I, 1. V, 4. Skeir. VII, b; miþ; Mk. I, 13. II, 19. 26. III, 14. IV, 36. V, 18; ufar filu wisan, to abound; II. Cor. I, 5; us; Mt. V, 37. Lu. II, 4. II. Cor. III, 5; wiþra; Mk. IV, 15. – Cpds. at-, ufar-w. [Goth. wisan, prt. was, etc., < √ wes. OE. wesan, prsp. wesende, imper. sg. wes, pl. wesað; prt. 1st and 3d pers. sg. wæs, 2nd pers. wæ̂re, pl. wæ̂ron; subj. sg. wæ̂re, pl. wæ̂ron; ME. inf. wese, prt. 1st and 3d pers. sg. wæs, was, 2nd pers. wære, were, pl. wæren, weren; subj. wære, were; NE. prt. sg. was, pl. wer. – Goth. im, siju, sijau, etc., < √ es: – s. OE. 1st pers. sg. eom, eam, am (North.), 2nd pers. eart, 3d pers. is, pl. sind (t), siondun, sindun, North. aron beside sint (d), sindon; subj. sg. sîe, sî, etc.; ME. 1st pers. sg. eom, eam, am, 2nd pers. eart, art, 3d pers. is, pl. sind, sinden, aren, are; subj. sg. seo, si, pl. seon, sion, sien; NE. 1st pers. sg. am, 2nd pers. art, 3d pers. is, pl. ar.]

wissêdun, prt. of witan, prt. – prs.

wit, dual of ik.

witan, wv. (197, n. 1), to look at, giv attention, observ, wach, w. dat.; Mk. III, 2; w. wahtwôm ufarô w. dat., to keep wach over; Lu. II, 8. [< √ of witan, to know. OHG. (ga-, ir-) wiȥên, to pay attention, observ.]

witan (30), prt. – prs. (197), to know, (1) abs.; Mk. IV, 27. Lu. II, 43. (2) w. acc.; Mk. IV, 13. V, 33. II. Cor. V, 11. (3) w. a clause introduced by þatei; Mt. VI, 32. Mk. II, 10. Lu. II, 49. II. Cor. I, 7. IV, 14. V, 1. 6. (4) w. an indir. question; Mt. VI, 3. [OE. witan, 1st and 3d pers. sg. prs. ind. wât (Goth. wait), prt. wiste, ME. wite, prs. wot, prt. wiste, NE. wot, wist; to wit < ME. to wite(n), OE. tô witanne, gerund.]

witôþ (gen. witôdis), n. (94), law; Mt. V, 17. 18. Lu. II, 22. 23. 24. 27. 39. [< a lost v. witôn (= OE. witian, ME. witie, to destin) + suff. -da; < √ of witan, to know.]

witubni (30), n. (95), knowledge. [< witan, to know, + suff. -ubnja.]

witum, pl. of wait.

wiþra, prep. w. acc., (1) local, over against, by, near, to; Mk. IV, 1. 15. II. Cor. V, 12. (2) metaforical, (a) in a frendly sense, to, toward; (b) in a hostil sense, against, to, for; Mk. III, 24. 25. [OE. ME. wiðer, prep., against, NE. wither- (in the cpd. withernam, a law term in England, a second or reciprocal writ, a writ of reprisal; – nam < niman = Goth. niman), OHG. widar, MHG. wider, NHG. wider, prep., against, wieder, adv., again, back.]

wiþrus, m., lam. [OE. weðer, m., ME. NE. wether.]

wlaitôn, wv. (190), to look round about; Mk. V, 32. [< a lost sb. (= ON. leit, f., inquiry, serch) < *wleitan. OE. wlâtian, to look.]

wlits, m. (101, n. 1), face, countenance; II. Cor. III, 7. [< *wleitan (s. andawleizn). OE. wlite, m., ME. wlite, figure, look.]

wôkains (35), f. (103, n. 1), waching. [< *wôkan (+ suff. -ai-ni-), to wach, < a lost sb. < wakan.]

wôkrs, m. (91, n. 2), uzury. [Apparently < √ of wakan (prt. wôk) + suff. -ra-. OE. wôcor, f., progeny, posterity, OHG. wuohhar, MHG. wuocher, m. n., produce, fruit, profit, uzury, NHG. wucher, m., uzury.]

wôpjan, wv. (187), to cry aloud, cry out, cry; Mk. I, 3. – Cpd. uf-w. (63, n. 1). [OE. wêpan (stv., w. the prs. in-jo-), to cry aloud, complain, bewail, ME. wepe (stv.), NE. weep (wv.).]

wôþeis, adj. (128), sweet, mild, plezant; dauns wôþi, sweet savor; II. Cor. II, 15. [OE. wêðe, adj., sweet, mild.]

*wôþs, wôds (74, n. 2), adj. (124), mad, possest; Mk. V, 15. 16. 18. [OE. ME. wôd, NE. wood (obs.), mad, possest, furious.]

wrakja, f. (97), persecution; Mk. IV, 17. [< wrikan + suff. -jô-.]

wratôn, wv. (190), to go, jurney; Lu. II, 41. [ON. rata, to jurney, travel.]

wrêþus (wriþus; 7, n. 3), m. (205), herd. [OE. wræ̂ð, f., herd, troop.]

wrikan, stv. (176, n. 1), to persecute, w. acc.; Mt. V, 44; wrikans, persecuted; II. Cor. IV, 9. [OE. wrecan, to drive, urge; avenge, punish, ME. wreke, NE. wreak.]

-wrisqan, stv. (174, n. 1), in ga-wr., to produce fruit. [ON. *reskva, pp. roskenn, grown.]

wrôhjan, wv. (187), to accuse, w. acc.; Mk. III, 2. [< wrôhs, f., accusation. OE. wrêgan (< wrôgian), ME. wreie, OHG. ruogen (< ruege, f. jô-stem), MHG. rüegen, to accuse, NHG. rügen, to reprove.]

wulan, stv. (173, n. 2; 175, n. 2), to wallop, boil; be fervent. [Cf. OE. weallan (prt. wêoll), ME. walle, OHG. wallan (prt. wial), MHG. wallen (prt. wiel), NHG. wallen (wv.), to bubl, boil; also OE. wellan, wv., ME. welle, NE. well, to issue forth, spring.]

wulfs, m. (91), wolf. [OE. wulf (pl. wulfas), m., ME. wulf (pl. wulves, wolves), NE. wolf (pl. wolves).]

Wulfila, pr. n. (108; 221). [Prop. 'litl wolf', < wulfs + suff. -ilan-. – Οὐλφίλας.]

wulla, f. (97), wool. [OE. wull, f., ME. wulle, wolle, NE. wool.]

wulþags, adj. (124), gorgeous, honorabl, glorious; II. Cor. III, 7. 10. [< wulþus + suff. -a-ga- (a for the stem-vowel u).]

wulþrs, adj. (124), of wurth, of consequence; mais wulþriza wisan, to be of more wurth, be better; Mt. VI, 26. [< wulþus + suff. -ra-.]

wulþus, m. (105), glory; Mt. VI, 13. 29. Lu. II, 9. 14. 32. II. Cor. I, 20. III, 7-11. 18. IV, 4. 6. 15. 17. [< stem wul (cf. ON. Ullr – ll < lþ – , name of a god) + suff. -þu-.]

wundufni, f. (98), wound, plague; Mk. III, 11. [< wundôn (< wunds, adj., = OE. ME. wund, OHG. wunt, MHG. wunt, – d-, sore, wounded, NHG. wund, adj., sore; -wundôn = OE. wundian, ME. wounde, NE. wound) + suff. -ufnjô-.]

Xristus (1, n. 4), pr. n. m. (105 and n. 2), Christ; Lu. II, 11; gen. -aus; II. Cor. II, 10. 12. 15. III, 3. IV, 4. V, 10. 14; dat. -au; II. Cor. I, 21. II, 14. 17. III, 14. V, 19; acc. -u; Lu. II, 26. II. Cor. I, 5. III, 4. V, 16. 18. 20. —Iêsuis-aus (gen.); Mk. I, 1. II. Cor. I, 1. 3. 14. IV, 6; Iêsu-au (dat.); II. Cor. I, 2; Iêsu-u (acc.); II. Cor. IV, 5. [< Χριστός.]

Y; s. § 39.

Zaíbaídaius, pr. n., Zebedee; gen. -aus; Mk. I, 19. III, 17; acc. -u; Mk. I, 20. [< Ζεβεδαῖος.]

Zakarias (43), pr. n., Zacharias. [< Ζαχαρίας.]

Address:

G. H. BALG,

623 FIFTH ST.

Milwaukee, Wis.

1

For the values of this sign according to 'Amended Spelling', s. 'Standard Dictionary', p. 568.

2

usstagg MS.

3

ƕa ƕazuh MS.

4

fulhsja MS.

5

fulhlsnja MS.

6

in the margin faihuþra… i. e. faihuþraihna Luke XVI, 13.

7

gloss wilþi.

8

usluknans MS.

9

in the margin þukei wilda.

10

leita MS.

11

haimon MS.

12

fidworin MS.

13

afleþanda MS.

14

gaseƕū MS.

15

Galeilaian MS.

16

wanting MS.

17

galeiþan MS.

18

gajukon MS.

19

gloss in the margin, gabindan.

20

gasaisaiƕands MS.

21

wisandin kindina Syriais is evidently a marginal gloss of the manuscript, which was accidentally put in the text.

22

usfulnodedun MS.

23

anandwairþja MS.

24

wisedun MS.

25

According to codex B; from verse 8, onward, with the various readings of A.

26

In A: swaswe afswaggwidai weseima jal liban, and the additional marginal gloss skamaidedeima.

27

usmetum A.

28

Xristaus wanting in A.

29

jaþ A.