Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, or, Trade Language of Oregon

~La-boo-ti'~, n. French, LA BOUTEILLE. A bottle.

~La-ca-lat'~, n. French, LA CAROTTE. A carrot.

~La-ca-set'~, n. French, LA CASETTE. A box, trunk, or chest.

~La-clo-a~, n. French, LA CROIX. A cross.

~Lagh~, v. Chinook, LAKH. To lean; to tip, as a boat; to stoop; to bend over, as a tree. Wake mika lagh kopa okook house, don't lean against that house.

~La-gome~, n. French, LA GOMME. Pitch; glue. La gome stick, light-wood; the pitch-pine.

~La-gwin'~, or ~La-kween'~, n. Quære u. d. A saw.

~La-hál.~ See SLAHAL.

~Lahb~, n. French, L'HERBE. The arbutus uva ursi, the leaves of which are used in smoking, alone or mixed with tobacco.

~La-hásh~, n. French, LA HACHE. An axe or hatchet.

~La-kam-mas'.~ See KAMASS.

~Lak'-it~, or ~Lok'-it~, adj. Chinook, LAKT. Four; four times. Lakit taht-lelum, forty.

~La'-kles~, n. French, LA GRAISSE. Fat; oil. See, also, GLEASE.

~La-láh~, v. Chinook, LAKHWHOLA. To cheat; fool; to practise jokes.

Mamook lalah, to make fun.

~La-lahm'~, or ~La-lum'~, n. French, LA RAME.An oar. Mamook lalahm, to row.

~La-láng~, n. French, LA LANGUE. The tongue; a language.

~La-leem'~, n. French, LA LIME. A file.

~La-messe'~, n. French, idem. The ceremony of the mass.

~La-més-tin~, or ~La-mó-tchin~, n. French, LA MÉDECINE. Medecine, not including magic.

~Lam'-mi-eh~, or ~Lam-mi-i~, n. French, LA VIEILLE. An old woman.

~La-món-ti~, or ~La-mó-ti~, n. French, LA MONTAGNE. A mountain.

~La-peep'~, n. French, LA PIPE. A tobacco-pipe. Lapeep kullakala (literally, the "pipe-bird"), the band-tailed eagle, as its feathers were used to ornament the pipe stems.

~La-péhsh~, n. French, LA PERCHE. A pole; the setting-pole of a boat or canoe.

~La-pel-láh~, v. Quære if from the French, LE FOYER. Mamook lapellah, to roast before the fire.

~La-pelle'~, n. French, LA PELLE. A shovel or spade.

~La-pe-osh'~, n. French, LA PIOCHE. A mattock; a hoe.

~La-piége~, n. French, LA PIÉGE. A trap. Eena la piége, a beaver-trap.

~La-plash~, n. French, LA PLANCHE. A board.

~La-po-el'~, n. French, LA POÊLE. A frying-pan. Mamook lapoel, to fry.

~La-póme~, n. French, LA POMME. An apple.

~La-pool'~, n. French, LA POULE. A fowl; poultry. Siwash lapool, the grouse.

~La-poo-shet'~, n. French, LA FOURCHETTE. A fork.

~La-póte~, n. French, LA PORTE. A door.

~La-sánjel~, n. French, LA CINGLE. A girth; a sash; a belt.

~La-sée~, n. French, LA SCIE. A saw.

~La-sell'~, n. French, LA SELLE. A saddle.

~Lá-shal-loo~, or ~Lá-shal-lee~, n. French, LA CHARRUE. A plough.

~La-shán-del~, n. French, LA CHANDELLE. A candle.

~La-sháse~, n. French, LA CHAISE. A chair.

~La-shen'~, n French, LA CHAINE. A chain.

~Las-siet'~, n. French, L'ASSIETTE. A plate.

~La-swáy~, n., adj. French, LA SOIE. Silk; silken.

~La-táhb~, n. French, LA TABLE. A table.

~La-tet'~, n. French, LA TÊTE. The head. Pil latet, red-headed.

~La-tlah'~, n. French, TRAIN; as, "ne faites pas de train." (Anderson). A noise. Mamook latlah, to make a noise.

~La-wen'~, n. French, L'AVOINE. Oats.

~La-west'~, n. French, LA VESTE. A waistcoat.

~Lazy~, adj. English, idem. Lazy.

~Le-báh-do~ (often pronounced lab'-a-do), n. French, LE BARDEAU. A shingle.

~Le-bal'~, n. French, idem. A ball; bullet. Tenas lebal, shot.

~Le-bis'-kwie~, n. French, LE BISCUIT. Biscuit; crackers; hard bread.

~Le-blau'~, n., adj. French, LE BLOND. A sorrel horse; chestnut colored.

~Le-clem'~, n., adj. French, LE CRÊME. Cream-colored; a cream-colored or light dun horse.

~Le-cock'~, n. French, LE COQ. A cock; a fowl.

~Le-doo'~, n. French, LE DOIGT. A finger.

~Le-gléy~, n., adj. French, LE GRIS, or English GRAY, with French article. A gray horse; gray.

~Le-jaub'~. See DIAUB.

~Le-kléh~, n. French, LE CLEF. A key. Mamook le kleh, lock the door.

~Le-kloo'~, n. French, LE CLOU. A nail; nails.

~Le-koo'~, n. French, LE COU. The neck.

~Le-ky'e~, n., adj. Mr. Anderson derives this from a Canadian word caille, meaning a piebald horse. In its jargon use, it means, also, a spot, spotted, or speckled; as, lekye salmon, the spotted or winter salmon (salmo canis, Suckley).

~Le-lo'-ba~, n. French, LE RUBAN. A ribbon.

~Le-loo'~, n. French, LE LOUP. A wolf (the large wolf).

~Le-máh~, or ~Léh-ma~, n. French, LA MAIN. The hand; the arm. Kloshe lemah, the right (literally, the good hand); potlatch lemah, shake hands.

~Le-máh-to~, n. French, LE MARTEAU. A hammer.

~Le-mel'~, n. French, LE MULET. A mule.

~Le-mo'-lo~, n., adj. French Canadian, LE MORON; undoubtedly a corruption of MARRON, a runaway negro. Wild; untamed. It applies to men as well as animals, as, for instance, to the tribes which have had no intercourse with the settlements.

~Le-moo'-to~, or ~Lam'-mu-to~, n. French, LES MOUTONS. Sheep.

~Le-pan'~, n. French, LE PAIN. Bread; raised or light bread.

~Le-pee'~, n. French, LE PIED. The feet.

~Le-pish'-e-mo~, n. Quære u. d. The saddle-blanket and housings of a horse.

~Le-plét~, n. French, LE PRÊTRE. A priest.

~Le-pwau'~, n. French, LES POIS. Peas.

~Le-sak'~, n. French, LE SAC. A bag; a pocket.

~Le-sap'~, or ~Le-zep'~, n. French, LES OEUFS. An egg; eggs.

~Le-sée-blo~, n. French, LES ÉPERONS. Spurs.

~Le-sée-zo~, n. French, LE CISEAU. Scissors.

~Le-sóok~, n. French, LE SUCRE. Sugar.

~Le-táh~, n. French, LE DENT. The teeth.

~Le-whet'~, n. French, LE FOUET. A whip. Mamook lewhet, to whip.

~Lice~, n. English. Rice.

~Lik-pu'-hu~, or ~Lik'-po~, n. (Hale.) An elder sister. Mr. Hale gives this as a Chinook word. If so, it is probably a corruption of KUP'HO. It is not used in Jargon.

~Lip'-lip~, v. By onoma. (Hale). To boil Mamook liplip, to make, or cause to boil.

~Ló-lo~, v. Chinook, idem. Originally, to carry a child on the back. In Jargon, used in a more extended sense. To carry; to load. Lolo kopa tsiktsik, to carry in a cart. Mamook lolo kopa canim, to load into a canoe.

~Lo-lo'~, adj. Chinook, LOWULLO. Round; whole; the entire of any thing. Lolo sapeleel, whole wheat; mamook lolo, to roll up (Shaw).

~Lope~, n. English, ROPE. A rope. Tenas lope, a cord; skin lope, a raw hide, riata, or thong.

~Luk'-ut-chee~, or ~Lá-kwit-chee~, n. French, LA COQUILLE. (?) Clams.

Used chiefly on Puget Sound.

~Lum~, n. English, RUM. Spirits of any sort.

~M.~

~Máh-kook~, v., n. Nootka, MÁKUK; Nittinat and Tokwaht, idem; Makah, BÁKWATL. To buy or sell; trade or exchange; a bargain. As their buying and selling was merely barter, the same word always answered for both operations. Kah mika mahkook okook calipeen? where did you buy that rifle? hyas mahkook, dear; tenas mahkook, cheap.

~Máh-kook-house.~ A trading-house or a store.

~Máh-lie~, v. Nisqually. To forget. Of local use on Puget Sound.

~Mahsh~, v. a. French, MARCHER. To leave; to turn out; to throw away; to part with; remove. Ex. Mahsh chuck kopa boat, bail the boat out; mahsh okook salmon, throw away that fish; mahsh maika capo, take off your coat; mahsh! (to a dog) get out! mahsh tenas, to have a child; to be delivered; yakka mahsh tum-tum kopa nika, he has given me his orders, or told me his wishes; mahsh kow, to untie; mahsh stone, to castrate.

~Máh-sie~, v. French, MERCIE. Thank you.

~Máht-lin-nie~, adv. Chinook, MÁTLINI. Off shore. (In boating), keep off! (if on land), towards the water.

~Máht-wil-lie~, _adv._Chinook, MÁTHWILI. In shore; shoreward. (As a command), keep in; (on land), towards the woods, or the interior.

~Ma-láh, n. Chinook, MALAGH. Tinware; crockery; earthenware.

~Mal-i-éh, v. French, MARIER. To marry.

~Ma'-ma~, n. English, MAMMA. A mother.

~Mam'-ook~, v. a. Nootka, MAMUK. To make; to do; to work. It is the general active verb, and is used largely in combination with nouns and other verbs; as, mamook chahko, make to come, fetch; mamook kelipai, bring or send back; mamook isick, to paddle; mamook illahee, to dig.

~Man~, n. English, idem. A man; the male of any animal. Ex. Man moolock, a buck elk; tenas man, a young man or boy.

~Mél-a-kwa~, or ~Mál-a-kwa~, n. French, MARANGOUIN. (Anderson.) A mosquito.

~Mel'-ass~, n. French, MELASSE. Molasses.

~Mem'-a-loost~, v., n., part. Chinook, MÉMALUST. To die; dead. Mamook memaloost, to kill.

~Me-sáh-chie~, adj. Chinook, MASÁCHI. Bad; wicked.

~Me-si'-ka~, pron. Chinook, MESÁIKA. You; your; yours.

~Mi'-ka~, pron. Chinook, MÁIKA. Thou; thy; thine.

~Mi'-mie~, adv. Chinook, MÁIAMI. Down stream.

~Mist-chi'-mas~, n. Quære u. d. A slave. Dr. Scouler gives this word as Nootka and Columbian. Mr. Hale makes it Chinook. It is certainly, however, neither Chinook nor Chihalis; and Jewitt gives kakoelth as Nootka, while I find the Makah word kotlo, and the Nittinat kotl.

~Mit-áss~, n. Cree, MITAS. (Anderson.) Leggings. A word imported by the Canadian French.

~Mit'-lite~, v. Chinook, MITLAIT. To sit; sit down; stay at; reside; remain. It is also used in place of to have and to be. Ex. Mitlite kopa house, he is in the house; mitlite hyiu salmon kopa mika? have you plenty of salmon? mitlite (imp.), sit down; cultus mitlite, to stop anywhere without particular object; mitlite tenas, to be with child; mitlite keekwillie, to put down.

~Mit'-whit~, v. Chinook, AMETWHET. To stand; stand up. Mitwhit stick, a standing tree; a mast.

~Mokst~, adj. Chinook, MAKST. Two; twice.

~Moo'-la~, n. French, MOULIN. A mill. Stick moola, a saw-mill.

~Moo'-lock~, n. Chinook, EMÚLUK. An elk. This word, strangely enough, occurs also in the Koquilth of Humboldt Bay.

~Moon~, n. English, idem. The moon. Ikt moon, a month; sick moon, the wane or old moon.

~Moos'-moos~, n. Klikatat, MÚSMUS; Chinook, EMÚSMUS. Buffalo; horned cattle. The word, slightly varied, is common to several languages. Mr. Anderson derives it from the Cree word moostoos, a buffalo, and supposes it to have been imported by the Canadians; but Father Pandosy makes musmus Yakama.

~Moo'-Sum~, v., n. Chihalis, MÚSAM. To sleep; sleep. Tikegh moosum, or olo moosum, to be sleepy (literally, to want, or be hungry for sleep); nika hyas moosum, I slept very sound.

~Mów-itsh~, or ~Mah'-witsh~, n. Nootka, MAUITSH (Hale); Nittinat, MOITSH, a deer; Nootka, MOOWATSH, a bear (Jewitt). A deer; venison. Frequently used to signify a wild animal; as, huloima mowitch, a strange or different kind of beast. The meaning given in Jewitt's book is probably a misprint. Like moolock, an elk, the word is found in the Koquilth of Humboldt Bay.

~Múck-a-muck~, n., v. Quære u. d. MAKAMAK (Hale). To eat; to bite; food. Muckamuck chuck, &c., to drink water, or other liquid. Neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Mr. Anderson considers it an invented word.

~Mus'-ket~, n. English, idem. A gun or musket. Stick musket, a bow.

~N.~

~Na.~ The interrogative particle. Ex. Mika na klatawa okook sun? do you go to-day? Interrogation is, however, often conveyed by intonation only.

~Na-áh, n. Chinook, TLKANÁA. A mother. (Hale.) Peculiar to the

Columbia, and now in fact obsolete, the Euglish MA'MA being used instead.

~Nah~, interj. Common to several languages. Look here! I say! Nah sikhs! halloo, friend! Also used in common conversation to call attention to some point not thoroughly understood. In the Yakama language, it is the sign of the vocative; as, nah tehn! O man.

~Nan'-itsh~, v. Quære u. d. To see; look; look for; seek. Nanitsh! look there! kloshe nanitsh! look out! take care! cultus nanitsh, to look round idly, or from curiosity only. Mamook nanitsh, to show. The word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr. Scouler gives nannanitch as Nootka and Columbian. It is possibly tbe former.

~Nau'-its~, adv. Chihalis, NOITSH. Mr. Hale gives this for off shore; on the stream. It means, according to Mr. Anderson, the sea-beach, and is not properly a Jargon word.

~Na-wit'-ka~, adv. Chinook, idem; Klikatat and Yakama, N'WITKA. Yes; certainly; yes indeed; to be sure. Nawitka wake nika kumtuks, indeed I don't know. In answer to a negative question, many Indians use it as affirming the negative. Ex. Wake mika nanitsh? did you not see [it]? Nawitka, I did not.

~Nem, n. English, NAME. A name. Mamook nem, to name, or call by name.

~Ne-nám-ooks, n. Chinook, ENANÁMUKS. The land otter.

~Ne si'-ka~, pron. Chinook, NISÁIKA. We; us; our.

~Ne'-whah.~ Chinook, NIWHA. It seems to be an adverb used, as is often the case, as a verb, the meaning being hither, come, or bring it hither. Ex. Newhah nika nanitsh, here, let me see it.

~Ni'-ka~, pron. Chinook, NAIKA. I; me; my; mine.

~Nose~, n. English, idem. The nose; also, a promontory. Boat nose, the bow of a boat.

~O.~

~O'-koke~, or ~O'-kook, pron. Chinook, OKÖK. This; that; it. Iktah okook? what is that? okook sun, to-day; okook klaksta, he who; okook klaska, they (being present). It is often abbreviated to oke; as, oke sun.

~O'-la-pits-ki~, n. Chinook, OÖLPITSKI. (Hale.) Fire. Not properly a

Jargon word.

~O'-le-man~, n., adj. English, OLD MAN. An old man; old; worn out. Hyas oleman kiuatan, a very old horse. As regards articles, used in the sense of worn out.

~Ol'-hy-iu~, n. Chinook, OLHAIYU. A seal.

~O'-lil-lie~, or ~O'-lal-lie~, n. Belbella, idem. (Tolmie.) Originally the salmon berry. Chinook, KLÁLELLI, berries in general. Berries. Shot olillie, huckleberries; siahpult olillie, raspberries; salmon olillie, salmon berries, &c. On Puget Sound, always called OLALLIE.

~O'-lo~, adj. Chinook, idem. Hungry. Olo chuck, thirsty; olo moosum, sleepy.

~O'-luk~, n. Chihalis, idem. A snake.

~O'-na~, n. Chinook, EÓNA. The razor fish or solen; clams. Used only at mouth of the Columbia.

~Oos'-kan~, n. Chinook. A cup; a bowl.

~O'-pe-kwan~, n. Chinook, ÓPEKWANH. A basket; tin kettle.

~O'-pitl-kegh~, n. Chinook, ÓPTLIKE. A bow.

~O'-pit-sah~, n. Chinook, ÓPTSAKH. A knife. Opitsah yakka sikhs (the knife's friend), a fork. The word is also used to denote a sweetheart.

~O'-poots~, or ~O'-pootsh~, n. Chinook, OBÉPUTSH, the fundament. The posterior; the fundament; the tail of an animal. Boat opoots, the rudder; opoots-sill, a breech clout.

~Óte-lagh, n. (Hale.) Chinook, OÖTLAKH. The sun. Not properly a Jargon word.

~Ow~, n. Chinook, AU. A brother younger than the speaker.

~P.~

~Pahtl~, adj. Chinook, PÁTL. Full. Pahtl lum or paht-lum, drunk; pahtl chuck, wet; pahtl illahie, dirty; mamook pahtl, to fill.

~Paint~, or ~Pent~, n., adj. English, PAINT. Mamook pent, to paint.

~Papa~, n. English, idem. A father.

~Pa'see-sie~, n. Chinook, PASÍSI. A blanket; woollen cloth.

~Pa-si'-ooks~, n., adj. Chinook, PASÍSIUKS. French; a Frenchman.

Mr. Hale supposed this to be a corruption of the French word Français. It is, however, really derived from the foregoing word, PASISI, with the terminal UKS, which is a plural form applied to living beings. Lewis and Clarke (vol. ii., p. 413) give Pashisheooks, clothmen, as the Chinook name for the whites, and this explanation was also furnished me by people of that tribe. It has since been generally restricted to the French Canadians, though among some of the tribes east of the Cascade Range, it is applied indiscriminately to all the Hudson's Bay people.

~Pchih~, or ~Pit-chih~, adj. Quære u. d. Thin in dimension, as of a board. (Shaw.) Not in common use.

~Pe-chúgh~, adj. Chinook, PTSEKH. Green.

~Pee~, conj. French, PUIS. (Anderson.) Then; besides; and; or; but.

Pee weght, and also; besides which; pee nika wauwau wake, but I say,

No.

~Peh'-pah~, n. English, PAPER. Paper; a letter; any writing. Mamook pehpah, to write.

~Pel'-ton~, n., adj. Jargon. A fool; foolish; crazy. Kahkwa pelton, like a fool; hyas pelton mika, you are very silly. The Indians adopted this word from the name of a deranged person, Archibald Pelton, or perhaps Felton, whom Mr. Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to Astoria, and carried there with him. The circumstance is mentioned by Franchêre, in his "Narrative," trans, p. 149.

~Pe-shak'~, or ~Pe-shuk'~, adj. Nootka, PESHUK; Nittinat, idem. Bad.

~Pe-what'-tie~, adj. Chinooi, PIHWÁTI. Thin, like paper, &c.

~Pi'-ah~, n., adj. English, FIRE. Fire; ripe; cooked. Mamook piah, to cook; to burn; piah-ship, a steamer; piah olillie, ripe berries; piah sapolill, baked bread; piah sick, the venereal disease; saghillie piah, lightning.

~Pil~, adj. Chinook, TLPELPEL. Father Pandosy gives PILPILP, as signifying red, in the Nez Percé or Sahaptin, also. Red; of a reddish color. Pil illahie, red clay or vermilion; pil dolla, gold; pil chickamin, copper; pil kiuatan, a bay or chestnut horse.

~Pil'-pil~, n. Jargon. Blood. Mahsh pilpil, to bleed; to menstruate.

Derived from the foregoing.

~Pish~, n. English. Fish.

~Pit-lilh'~, or ~Pit-hlil'~, adj. Quære u. d. Thick in consistence, as molasses.

~Piu-piu~, n. French, PUER, to stink. Or from the sound often uttered expressive of disgust at a bad smell. A skunk.

~Poh~, v. Chinook, idem. By onoma. Mamook poh, to blow out or extinguish, as a candle.

~Po'-lak-lie~, n., adj. Chinook, POLAKLI. Night; darkness; dark. Tenas polaklie, evening; hyas polaklie, late at night; very dark; sit-kum polaklie, midnight (literally, the half night).

~Po'-lal-lie~, n. Quære French, POUDRE. Gunpowder; dust; sand. Polallie illahie, sandy ground. The word is certainly neither Chinook nor Chihalis.

~Poo~, n. By onoma. (Hale). The sound of a gun. Mamook poo, to shoot; moxt poo, a double-barrelled gun; tohum poo, a six-shooter. Nisqually, OPOO, to break wind.

~Poo'-lie~, adj. French, POURRI. Rotten.

~Pot'-latch~, or ~Paht'-latsh~, n., v. Nootka, PAHCHILT (Jewitt); PACHAETL, or PACHATI (Cook). A gift; to give. Cultus potlatch, a present or free gift.

~Pow'-itsh~, n. Chinook, PAUITSH. A crab-apple.

~Puk'-puk~, n. Probably an invented word. A blow with the fist; a fist-fight. Mamook pukpuk, to box; to fight with the fists; pukpuk solleks, to fight in anger.

~Puss'-puss~, n. English. A cat. On Puget Sound, pronounced pish-pish. Hyas pusspuss, a cougar.

~S.~

~Ságh-a-lie~, or ~Sah'-ha-lie~, adj. Chinook, SAKHALI; Clatsop, UKHSHAKHALI. Up; above; high. Saghalie tyee (literally, the chief above), God. A term invented by the missionaries for want of a native one.

~Sail~, or ~Sill~, n. English, SAIL. A sail; any cotton or linen goods. Mamook sail, to make sail; mamook keekwillie sail, to take in sail; tzum sail, printed cloth or calico. ~Sa-kol'-eks~, or ~Se-kol'-uks~, n. Chinook, TSAKÁLUKS, leggings. Trowsers; pantaloons. Keekwillie sakoleks, drawers. ~Sal-lal'~, n. Chinook, KLKWUSHALA. (SHELWELL of Lewis and Clarke.) The sallal berry; fruit of gualtheria shallon.

~Salmon~, n. English, idem. The salmon; fish generally. Tyee salmon, i.e., chief salmon, the spring salmon (salmo kwinnat, Rich.); masahchie salmon, a winter species (salmo canis, Suckley); tzum salmon, salmon trout.

~Salt~, n., adj. English, idem. Salt, or a salt taste. Salt chuck, the sea. ~Sán-de-lie~, n., adj. French, CENDRÉ. Ash-colored. (Anderson.) A roan horse; roan-colored.

~Sap'-o-lill~, n. Chinook, TSÁPELEL. Wheat, flour, or meal. Piah sapolill, baked bread; lolo sapolill, whole wheat. The word has been erroneously supposed to come from the French la farine. It is, however, a true Indian word, and seems common to various Columbia river tribes. Pandosy gives SAPLIL as Yakama for bread; Lewis and Clarke write it CHAPELELL.

~Se-áh-host~, or ~Se-agh'-ost~, n. Chinook, SIÁKHOST, the face. The face; the eyes. Halo seahhost, blind; icht seahhost, one-eyed; lakit seahhost (four eyes), or dolla seahhost, spectacles.

~Se-áh-po~, or ~Se-áh-pult~, ~n.~ French, CHAPEAU. A hat or cap.