The Journal of Negro History, Volume 7, 1922

440

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

441

Hervey, The Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands, p. 199.

442

Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, appendix, p. 147; Peck, History of the Missions of the Baptist General Convention in the History of American Missions to the Heathen, p. 443.

443

Hervey, op. cit., p. 199.

444

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

445

Hervey, op. cit., p. 200.

446

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

447

Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

448

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

449

The gallery was reserved for the slaves connected with the church and congregation. Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

450

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

451

Ibid.

452

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147; Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

453

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148; Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

454

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

455

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

456

Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

457

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340. His wife died shortly before this time, The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

458

Fifth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. I, pp. 400f.

459

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 12.

460

Ibid., Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

461

Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, Vol. I, p. 288.

462

The Missionary Jubilee, pp. 17, 18, 19; Tupper, A Decade of Foreign Missions, p. 875.

463

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 214; Tupper, op. cit., p. 875.

464

The outbreaks of Toussaint L'Ouverture in Hayti in 1789 and especially Gabriel in Richmond had not died away. Gabriel in 1800 organized 1000 Negroes in Henrico County. The plot, however, was betrayed by a slave Pharaoh and amounted to no lives lost except those of Gabriel and Jack Bowles who were executed. A public guard of 68 policed the city for some months afterwards. Cf. Ballagh, Slavery in Virginia, p. 92.

465

From Article I of the Constitution of this body it is presumed that the Richmond Society contributed "a sum amounting to at least one hundred dollars" for their membership fee.

466

Proceedings of the General Convention, 1817, p. 134.

467

Gammell, A History of American Baptist Missions, p. 256.

468

The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, p. 180.

469

Proceedings of the Baptist General Convention, 1829, p. 34; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, pp. 30, 32.

470

Letter to Doctor Staughton, dated Philadelphia, April 30, 1818, in the Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions.

471

Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, p. 180.

472

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

473

August 5, 1816, the Negro Baptists of Warren County, North Carolina, contributed $5.15; August 18, of the County Line Association, Caswell County, North Carolina, $.69; September 1, of the Shiloh Association, Culpepper, Virginia, $1.90; October 21, of the Pee Dee Association, Montgomery County, North Carolina, $2.19; May 7, 1817, "a col. Wom." of Georgia, $1; June 2, "Coloured Brethren" of the Sunbury Association, Georgia, $21; June 16, "a man of colour 15 cts.—a woman of col. 6 cts." and August 1, "a man of col. 25 cts."—The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board, pp. 146-149; The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board, pp. 206, 208.

474

The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, pp. 206, 208, 210.

475

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; Hervey, op. cit., p. 201.

476

Cf. Journal of Mills in Spring, Memoirs of the Rev. Samuel J. Mills.

477

Letter dated Richmond, March 28, 1819, to the Rev. Obadiah B. Brown, Washington City.

478

The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

479

Sixth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 141.

480

The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 141.

481

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; cf. also The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215. The constitution of the Richmond African Baptist Missionary Society restricted its funds to Africa.

482

The African Repository, March, 1829; Gurley, op. cit., appendix.

483

This would have increased his salary to $1000 annually.

484

Letter of William Crane to the Rev. Obadiah Brown.

485

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

486

Russell, The Free Negro in Virginia, pp. 145-156.

487

Seventh Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, pp. 317f.

488

Ibid., p. 399; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 159; Peck, op. cit., p. 439; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

489

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

490

Hervey, op. cit., pp. 201f.

491

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149.

492

Ibid., p. 148; The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 12.

493

Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

494

Earnest, op. cit., p. 95.

495

Journal of Cary in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 399.

496

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. III, p. 181.

497

Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

498

The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, pp. 397f.

499

Peck, op. cit., p. 439.

500

Gammell, op. cit., pp. 247, 249.

501

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. II, p. 181.

502

Alexander, A History of Colonization on the Western Coast of Africa, p. 245.

503

Latrobe, Maryland in Liberia, p. 9.

504

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 149f.

505

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

506

The Fifth Annual Report of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Colour of the United States, pp. 55-64.

507

Liberia was named at the annual meeting of the Colonization Society, February, 1825. Fox, The American Colonization Society, p. 71.

508

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

509

Warneck, Outline of a History of Protestant Missions, p. 193.

510

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 203.

511

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 203; The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 13; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341.

512

Gammell, op. cit., p. 244; Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

513

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; Gammell, op. cit., p. 244.

514

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 142.

515

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341; Gammell, op. cit., p. 244; Tupper, The Foreign Missions of the Southern Baptist Convention, p. 277.

516

A Negro Baptist preacher who accompanied David George to Sierra Leone from Nova Scotia in 1792. For a detailed account cf. Rippon, The Baptist Annual Register, Vol. I, pp. 478-481.

517

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. V, pp. 241f.; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.

518

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.

519

At the annual meeting of the American Colonization Society, February, 1825, on motion of General Robert G. Harper, the settlement was named Monrovia, in honor of the President of the United States. Fox, op. cit., p. 71.

520

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, pp. 244f. In the Report of the Board of Managers of the General Missionary Convention, May, 1825, "Lott Cary … states that hostilities … of the natives had ceased.... He asks for assistance to complete the work (on the church); and the Board feel pleasure in recommending the case to the hearts of all who are interested in the melioration of the condition of the African Race." Ibid., Vol. V, p. 216.

521

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

522

Gurley, op. cit., p. 196.

523

Gurley, op. cit., p. 213.

524

Ibid., p. 214.

525

Ibid., p. 213.

526

Ibid., op. cit., p. 182.

527

The laws of the Society required every adult male to work two days a week for the public good while receiving rations from the public store. This rule was dispensed with providing each colonist would cultivate his own land. Ibid., p. 186.

528

Ibid., appendix, p. 150.

529

Gurley, op. cit., p. 187.

530

Ibid., appendix, p. 150.

531

Fox, op. cit., p. 72.

532

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 150.

533

Ibid., pp. 190ff.

534

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 150.

535

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 423.

536

Hervey, op. cit., p. 204.

537

Gurley, op. cit., p. 203.

538

Gurley, op. cit., p. 214; Hervey, op. cit., p. 204.

539

Ibid., op. cit., p. 215; ibid., appendix, p. 150.

540

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 143.

541

Ibid.

542

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 49.

543

Ibid. p. 246.

544

Gammell, op. cit., p. 247.

545

The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

546

The Veys inhabit this healthy country and are very intelligent. They have a written language although no books. Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

547

Warneck, op. cit., p. 189.

548

Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

549

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 30.

550

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341.

551

Cf. Jones, The Religious Instruction of the Negro in the United States.

552

These emigrants with one exception were from Newport, Rhode Island. Eighteen of them were, just before their departure and at their own request, organized into a church. Gurley, op. cit., pp. 308, 310.

553

Gurley, op. cit., p. 309.

554

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 368; Gammell, op. cit., p. 247; Peck, op. cit., p. 442; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

555

Gurley, op. cit., p. 356.

556

The schools and scholars in Liberia in 1827 were as follows:

Gurley, op. cit., p. 350.

557

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, pp. 272f.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 166.

558

Gurley, op. cit., p. 357.

559

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. XXI, p. 183.

560

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, pp. 32, 35, 36, 37.

561

Ibid., op. cit., p. 356.

562

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, p. 144; cf. also Alexander, op. cit., pp. 248f.

563

Baptized eighteen months before by Cary. He was a native evangelist at Big Town, Grand Cape Mount and styled himself John Baptist. Letter of Cary dated Monrovia, June, 1827, to Crane.

564

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, pp. 305f.

565

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, pp. 143f.

566

Ibid., pp. 53f.

567

The General Missionary Convention made a remittance of $90 on February 15, 1828. The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, pp. 170, 176.

568

Peck, op. cit., p. 442.

569

Alexander, op. cit., p. 181.

570

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

571

The American Missionary Register, May, 1825, p. 142.

572

Gurley, op. cit., p. 182.

573

Ibid., p. 190.

574

Ibid., p. 182.

575

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

576

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 142.

577

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; Stratton, Life and Work of Lot Cary, p. 3.

578

Gurley, op. cit., p. 190.

579

Gurley, op. cit., p. 232.

580

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. V, p. 242.

581

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

582

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

583

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

584

This trip was to influence the free people of color in the United States to emigrate to Liberia. Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 151.

585

Gurley, op. cit., pp. 340f.

586

Peck, op. cit., p. 554.

587

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 216.

588

Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, p. 157.

589

Ibid., op. cit., p. 261.

590

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IX, pp. 212f.; Peck, op. cit., p. 442.

591

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 142.

592

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 216.

593

The Liberia Herald ran for three issues. Then the printer, Mr. Charles L. Force, died. Ibid., pp. 214ff.

594

Ibid.

595

Rippon, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 334, 482; Alexander, op. cit., p. 41; Crooks, A History of the Colony of Sierra Leone, p. 36.

596

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 66.

597

Ibid., p. 56.

598

Ibid., p. 131.

599

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 132.

600

Ibid.

601

Alexander, op. cit., p. 247.

602

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 126.

603

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 216.

604

History of African Colonization, p. 225.

605

Cf. Adams, The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery in America, p. 92; Cromwell, The Early Negro Convention Movement, pp. 3-5.

606

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, pp. 53f.

607

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

608

Cf. especially Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, appendix, pp. 153, 157. In speaking of going to Grand Cape Mount, Mr. Cary says, "I should have went up last year … we may anticipate a middling severe struggle from the Mandingo priests who have been for years propagating their system of religion among that nation. They are a kind of Mahometan Jews—they are very skilful in the Old Testament...." The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, p. 305. Moreover, there is no known evidence that any other of the colonists could have written so well.

609

Compare the Address of the Citizens of Monrovia to the free colored people of the United States with the account given in Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, pp. 136-138.

610

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, p. 203.

611

$1 was the annual membership fee; 45 names were enrolled and the money paid. $7.25 was collected at the door. Ashmun contributed $5 extra. The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, p. 305n.

612

Ibid., p. 305.

613

Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 170.

614

Ibid., Vol. IX, p. 195; Peek, op. cit., p. 443.

615

On August 31, 1822, Alexander, op. cit., p. 181.

616

The African Repository, Vol. V, p. 14.

617

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 153.

618

Ibid., op. cit., p. 385.

619

Gurley, op. cit., p. 385; cf. Journal of Lott Cary in Gurley, Life of Jehu Ashmun, appendix, pp. 153-156.

620

Cf. Appendix L.

621

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 159.

622

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IX, p. 212; Alexander, op. cit., p. 279.

623

Alexander, op. cit., p. 261.

624

The African Repository, Vol. V, p. 10; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 160.

625

Alexander, op. cit., pp. 254f.

626

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IX, pp. 212, 215, cf. also p. 195.

627

Cf. a letter to the treasurer of the Massachusetts Baptist Education Society in The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 181.

628

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IX, p. 255.

629

Ibid., p. 214.

630

The American Baptist Magazine, p. 215.

631

Proceedings, 1832, pp. 10, 33.

632

Op. cit., appendix, p. 160.

633

Op. cit., p. 207.

634

Hervey,op. cit., p. 206.

635

These extracts were collected by Miles Mark Fisher.