The Journal of Negro History, Volume 7, 1922

424

Hardy, The Negro Question in the French Revolution, p. 10.

425

Condorcet's Works.

426

Bourne, Revolutionary Period in Europe, p. 110.

427

American Encyclopedia—Haiti.

428

Mossell, Toussaint L'Ouverture.

429

A convention of Hunter's Lodges of Ohio and Michigan, held at Cleveland, September 16-22, 1838, was attended by seventy delegates.

430

Head, Sir, F. B., A Narrative (London, 1839), page 392.

431

Loguen, J. W., The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman (Syracuse, 1859), pp. 343-345.

432

An autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson, "Uncle Tom," from 1789 to 1881 (London, Ont., 1881), page 177. A sketch of Josiah Henson appeared in The Journal of Negro History for January, 1918 (Vol. III, no. 1, pp. 1-21). This is condensed from his autobiography which appeared in several editions.

433

MacMullen, John, History of Canada from its first Discovery to the Present Times (Brockville, Ont., 1868), pp. 459-460. He gives as his authority Radclift's despatch, "10th January, 1838."

434

The Rebellion Losses Bill proposed compensation for those who had sustained losses in Lower Canada (Quebec) during the troubles of 1837. It was fiercely opposed in Upper Canada (Ontario) by the element that regarded the French as "aliens" and "rebels." When Lord Elgin, the Governor, gave his assent to the bill in 1849 there were riots in Montreal in which the Parliament Buildings were burned.

435

Col. Prince was one of the leaders in the defense of the Canadian frontier along the Detroit River during 1838, afterwards a member of the Canadian Parliament. During the troubles of 1838 he ordered the shooting of four prisoners without the form of a trial. The act was condemned by Lord Brougham and others with great severity and is one dark spot on the records of the Canadian forces during the trying period.

436

This spelling seems more correct than either the short form, Lot Cary, used by the Rev. D. Stratton, D.D. of St. Albans, West Virginia, in his "Life and Work of Lot Cary, Missionary in Africa," or the longer form, Lott Carey, used by the Rev. James B. Taylor in "The Biography of Elder Lott Carey" and by many other writers for the following consideration: There is no trace of Cary spelling his name Lot Cary. In the American Baptist Magazine and Gammell's "A History of American Baptist Missions" there are letters from or references to Cary marked Lott Carey, which are no doubt presumptions on the part of the printer or writer that the name is spelled like that of the Rev. William Carey. If, on the other hand, Lott Cary spelled his name either Carey or Cary, that would only argue that his name would be better spelled Lott Cary as a means of distinction from the Rev. William Carey. "The Biography of Elder Lott Carey" written in 1837 is the source of much that is known of the man but seems to draw heavily from the "Life of Jehudi Ashmun, late Colonial Agent in Liberia, with an Appendix Containing Extracts from His Journal and Other Writings, with a Brief Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Lott Cary," written in 1835 by Ralph Randolph Gurley, Secretary of the American Colonization Society. Many incidents of the life of Lott Cary are taken from the life and writings of Mr. Ashmun. It would therefore seem consistent to follow his spelling of the name. In this work, the name, Lott Cary, is used frequently—even signed to a letter to Mr. Gurley—and many references are made to it by Mr. Ashmun who probably knew Cary better than anyone else. Only once in the entire work, on page 126, never in the "Brief Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Lott Cary," is the name spelled Carey. This could be a typographical error. Furthermore, Mr. Randall who went to Africa as Governor of Liberia about a month and a half after Cary's death said, respecting a native settlement, "I propose to have it called after him, Carytown." (The African Repository, Vol. V, p. 1.) Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Vol. I, p. 548, follows this spelling.

437

This name is also variously spelled—Collin or Colin and Teague or Teage. The above spelling is from the American Baptist Missionary Union in their Missionary Jubilee volume, pp. 215, 267.

438

Proceedings of the Fifth Triennial Meeting of the Baptist General Convention, 1826, p. 22; Earnest, The Religious Development of the Negro in Virginia, p. 95; $150 was appropriated for the mission May 23, 1823. Proceedings, 1826, pp. 22, 32.

439

Report of the Board of Managers of the General Convention in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, pp. 396 ff.

440

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

441

Hervey, The Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands, p. 199.

442

Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, appendix, p. 147; Peck, History of the Missions of the Baptist General Convention in the History of American Missions to the Heathen, p. 443.

443

Hervey, op. cit., p. 199.

444

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

445

Hervey, op. cit., p. 200.

446

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

447

Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

448

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

449

The gallery was reserved for the slaves connected with the church and congregation. Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

450

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

451

Ibid.

452

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147; Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

453

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148; Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

454

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

455

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

456

Peck, op. cit., p. 443.

457

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340. His wife died shortly before this time, The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 147.

458

Fifth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. I, pp. 400f.

459

The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 12.

460

Ibid., Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

461

Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, Vol. I, p. 288.

462

The Missionary Jubilee, pp. 17, 18, 19; Tupper, A Decade of Foreign Missions, p. 875.

463

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 214; Tupper, op. cit., p. 875.

464

The outbreaks of Toussaint L'Ouverture in Hayti in 1789 and especially Gabriel in Richmond had not died away. Gabriel in 1800 organized 1000 Negroes in Henrico County. The plot, however, was betrayed by a slave Pharaoh and amounted to no lives lost except those of Gabriel and Jack Bowles who were executed. A public guard of 68 policed the city for some months afterwards. Cf. Ballagh, Slavery in Virginia, p. 92.

465

From Article I of the Constitution of this body it is presumed that the Richmond Society contributed "a sum amounting to at least one hundred dollars" for their membership fee.

466

Proceedings of the General Convention, 1817, p. 134.

467

Gammell, A History of American Baptist Missions, p. 256.

468

The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, p. 180.

469

Proceedings of the Baptist General Convention, 1829, p. 34; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, pp. 30, 32.

470

Letter to Doctor Staughton, dated Philadelphia, April 30, 1818, in the Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions.

471

Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, p. 180.

472

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

473

August 5, 1816, the Negro Baptists of Warren County, North Carolina, contributed $5.15; August 18, of the County Line Association, Caswell County, North Carolina, $.69; September 1, of the Shiloh Association, Culpepper, Virginia, $1.90; October 21, of the Pee Dee Association, Montgomery County, North Carolina, $2.19; May 7, 1817, "a col. Wom." of Georgia, $1; June 2, "Coloured Brethren" of the Sunbury Association, Georgia, $21; June 16, "a man of colour 15 cts.—a woman of col. 6 cts." and August 1, "a man of col. 25 cts."—The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board, pp. 146-149; The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board, pp. 206, 208.

474

The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, pp. 206, 208, 210.

475

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; Hervey, op. cit., p. 201.

476

Cf. Journal of Mills in Spring, Memoirs of the Rev. Samuel J. Mills.

477

Letter dated Richmond, March 28, 1819, to the Rev. Obadiah B. Brown, Washington City.

478

The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

479

Sixth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 141.

480

The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 141.

481

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; cf. also The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215. The constitution of the Richmond African Baptist Missionary Society restricted its funds to Africa.

482

The African Repository, March, 1829; Gurley, op. cit., appendix.

483

This would have increased his salary to $1000 annually.

484

Letter of William Crane to the Rev. Obadiah Brown.

485

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 148.

486

Russell, The Free Negro in Virginia, pp. 145-156.

487

Seventh Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, pp. 317f.

488

Ibid., p. 399; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341; Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 159; Peck, op. cit., p. 439; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

489

Peck, op. cit., p. 444; Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

490

Hervey, op. cit., pp. 201f.

491

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149.

492

Ibid., p. 148; The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 12.

493

Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

494

Earnest, op. cit., p. 95.

495

Journal of Cary in The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, p. 399.

496

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. III, p. 181.

497

Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

498

The Latter Day Luminary, Vol. II, pp. 397f.

499

Peck, op. cit., p. 439.

500

Gammell, op. cit., pp. 247, 249.

501

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. II, p. 181.

502

Alexander, A History of Colonization on the Western Coast of Africa, p. 245.

503

Latrobe, Maryland in Liberia, p. 9.

504

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 149f.

505

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

506

The Fifth Annual Report of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Colour of the United States, pp. 55-64.

507

Liberia was named at the annual meeting of the Colonization Society, February, 1825. Fox, The American Colonization Society, p. 71.

508

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 202.

509

Warneck, Outline of a History of Protestant Missions, p. 193.

510

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 203.

511

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 149; Hervey, op. cit., p. 203; The African Repository, March, 1829, p. 13; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341.

512

Gammell, op. cit., p. 244; Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

513

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; Gammell, op. cit., p. 244.

514

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 142.

515

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341; Gammell, op. cit., p. 244; Tupper, The Foreign Missions of the Southern Baptist Convention, p. 277.

516

A Negro Baptist preacher who accompanied David George to Sierra Leone from Nova Scotia in 1792. For a detailed account cf. Rippon, The Baptist Annual Register, Vol. I, pp. 478-481.

517

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. V, pp. 241f.; The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.

518

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.

519

At the annual meeting of the American Colonization Society, February, 1825, on motion of General Robert G. Harper, the settlement was named Monrovia, in honor of the President of the United States. Fox, op. cit., p. 71.

520

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, pp. 244f. In the Report of the Board of Managers of the General Missionary Convention, May, 1825, "Lott Cary … states that hostilities … of the natives had ceased.... He asks for assistance to complete the work (on the church); and the Board feel pleasure in recommending the case to the hearts of all who are interested in the melioration of the condition of the African Race." Ibid., Vol. V, p. 216.

521

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

522

Gurley, op. cit., p. 196.

523

Gurley, op. cit., p. 213.

524

Ibid., p. 214.

525

Ibid., p. 213.

526

Ibid., op. cit., p. 182.

527

The laws of the Society required every adult male to work two days a week for the public good while receiving rations from the public store. This rule was dispensed with providing each colonist would cultivate his own land. Ibid., p. 186.

528

Ibid., appendix, p. 150.

529

Gurley, op. cit., p. 187.

530

Ibid., appendix, p. 150.

531

Fox, op. cit., p. 72.

532

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 150.

533

Ibid., pp. 190ff.

534

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 150.

535

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 423.

536

Hervey, op. cit., p. 204.

537

Gurley, op. cit., p. 203.

538

Gurley, op. cit., p. 214; Hervey, op. cit., p. 204.

539

Ibid., op. cit., p. 215; ibid., appendix, p. 150.

540

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 143.

541

Ibid.

542

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 49.

543

Ibid. p. 246.

544

Gammell, op. cit., p. 247.

545

The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

546

The Veys inhabit this healthy country and are very intelligent. They have a written language although no books. Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

547

Warneck, op. cit., p. 189.

548

Peck, op. cit., p. 441.

549

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 30.

550

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 341.

551

Cf. Jones, The Religious Instruction of the Negro in the United States.

552

These emigrants with one exception were from Newport, Rhode Island. Eighteen of them were, just before their departure and at their own request, organized into a church. Gurley, op. cit., pp. 308, 310.

553

Gurley, op. cit., p. 309.

554

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 368; Gammell, op. cit., p. 247; Peck, op. cit., p. 442; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 215.

555

Gurley, op. cit., p. 356.

556

The schools and scholars in Liberia in 1827 were as follows:

Gurley, op. cit., p. 350.

557

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, pp. 272f.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 166.

558

Gurley, op. cit., p. 357.

559

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. XXI, p. 183.

560

Gurley, op. cit., appendix, pp. 32, 35, 36, 37.

561

Ibid., op. cit., p. 356.

562

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, p. 144; cf. also Alexander, op. cit., pp. 248f.

563

Baptized eighteen months before by Cary. He was a native evangelist at Big Town, Grand Cape Mount and styled himself John Baptist. Letter of Cary dated Monrovia, June, 1827, to Crane.

564

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, pp. 305f.

565

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VIII, pp. 143f.

566

Ibid., pp. 53f.

567

The General Missionary Convention made a remittance of $90 on February 15, 1828. The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VII, pp. 170, 176.

568

Peck, op. cit., p. 442.

569

Alexander, op. cit., p. 181.

570

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

571

The American Missionary Register, May, 1825, p. 142.

572

Gurley, op. cit., p. 182.

573

Ibid., p. 190.

574

Ibid., p. 182.

575

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

576

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 142.

577

Peck, op. cit., p. 439; Stratton, Life and Work of Lot Cary, p. 3.

578

Gurley, op. cit., p. 190.

579

Gurley, op. cit., p. 232.

580

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. V, p. 242.

581

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

582

Cf. Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary.

583

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 340.

584

This trip was to influence the free people of color in the United States to emigrate to Liberia. Gurley, op. cit., appendix, p. 151.

585

Gurley, op. cit., pp. 340f.

586

Peck, op. cit., p. 554.

587

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 216.

588

Gurley, Life of Jehudi Ashmun, p. 157.

589

Ibid., op. cit., p. 261.

590

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. IX, pp. 212f.; Peck, op. cit., p. 442.

591

The American Missionary Register, Vol. VI, p. 142.

592

The American Baptist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 216.

593

The Liberia Herald ran for three issues. Then the printer, Mr. Charles L. Force, died. Ibid., pp. 214ff.

594

Ibid.

595

Rippon, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 334, 482; Alexander, op. cit., p. 41; Crooks, A History of the Colony of Sierra Leone, p. 36.