The Journal of Negro History, Volume 7, 1922

Wait Palmer, of Stonington, Connecticut, moreover, was, as his biographer states, "an actor in the great New Light, or Separatist movement," and in this capacity he "preached often in destitute regions." Benedict testifies that "he became a famous pioneer in Virginia and North Carolina." But what is more, Mrs. Marshall, the mother of Abraham Marshall, of Kiokee, Georgia, was a sister of Shubal Sterns, and Shubal Sterns was baptized and ordained to the work of the ministry by Wait Palmer, at Tolland, Connecticut, in the spring of 1751. It was but natural that, in his zeal to preach Christ in destitute regions, Palmer would visit this Connecticut family and preach the gospel to any who might desire to hear it.

If it should be thought by some that no man would, in the circumstances, have gone on a preaching tour from Connecticut to South Carolina, it may be well to recall the fact that Rev. Abraham Marshall covered the ground in question, in the year 1786, travelling both ways on horseback, preaching nearly every day during the three months he was away from home. But Palmer was now in the South and not in the North, as Benedict states. No other Palmer, known to Baptists, fits the case like this friend of Shubal Stearns. We shall continue to assign to him the credit of the first Negro Baptist Church in America, until we can find another "Elder Palmer," whose claim is absolutely certain. See Rippon, Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, pp. 475-476; Catheart's Baptist Encyclopedia, II, 882.

234

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, edition 1790-1793, pp. 473-480, and compare article, Sir Archibald Campbell, in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. I, p. 511.

235

See Bill's letter of March 12, and one of March 14, 1776; also March 26, 1776, printed in Gibbes' Documentary History of the American Revolution (South Carolina), Vol. I, pp. 266-273. Compare with letter in Vol. II, p. 62. See also Dunmore's Emancipation Proclamation issued in November, 1775, in Joseph T. Wilson's Emancipation, pp. 36-37.

236

Cyclopedia American Biography, Vol. I, p. 511. Compare with Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, edition 1790-1793, pp. 332-333.

237

Cathcart's Encyclopedia, Vol. II, p. 749, and compare article of John Houston in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. III, p. 273.

238

Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. IV, p. 219. Compare Vol. III, p. 273. See article, Savannah in Appleton's American Cyclopedia, Vol. III, p. 646.

239

See Drayton's letter in Gibbes' Documentary History of American Revolution (South Carolina), Vol. I, p. 162, and for distance from Silver Bluff compare letter of Tennett, p. 235, note in Lossing's Field Book of Revolution, Vol. II, p. 484.

240

Gibbes' Documentary History of the American Revolution (South Carolina), Vol. I, pp. 235-236, letter of Tennett, of September 7, 1775.

241

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1770-1773, pp. 332-337.

242

Ibid., 1790-1793, p. 344.

243

White's History of Georgia, pp. 246-247; Jones, Vol. II, p. 137.

244

State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, G. No. 2, p. 32.

245

See Jonathan Odell, Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. IV, p. 556; Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, p. 481; Bill's History of the Canadian Baptists, pp. 26, 176, 653, 657. Compare with Rippon's Annual Baptist Register for 1798-1800, p. 336.

246

Sabine's American Loyalists, Vol. I, p. 127. Compare pp. 122-123.

247

G. W. Hervey, Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands, p. 596. Compare article on Sierra Leone in Appleton's American Cyclopedia, Vol. XV, p. 32; also article on Nova Scotia, Vol. XII, pp. 524-525; See Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, pp. 481-483. See also article on Sierra Leone in The Earth and its Inhabitants—Africa—Vol. III, p. 207.

248

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, pp. 481-484.

249

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, pp. 473, 544-545; 1791, p. 336; 1793, pp. 540-541.

250

Joseph T. Wilson's Emancipation, pp. 36-38; Dunmore's Emancipation Proclamation issued 1775.

251

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1793, pp. 540-541.

252

Ibid., 1791, p. 336.

253

White's Historical Collections of Georgia, p. 316.

254

Benedict's History of the Baptists, p. 170.

255

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1798-1801, p. 367. Compare 263.

256

Ibid., p. 263.

257

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, p. 476.

258

Benedict's History (edition 1848), p. 723.

259

Benedict's History of the Baptists (edition 1813), Vol. II, p. 193.

260

Article on Augusta, Georgia, First Baptist Church of, Cathcart's Baptist Encyclopedia, Vol. I, p. 49.

261

James M. Simm's First Colored Baptist Church in North America, p. 57.

262

Ibid., pp. 58-59.

263

Benedict's History of the Baptists, edition 1813, Vol. II, p. 193, quoted from Rippon's Annual Baptist Register.

264

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1791, p. 336.

265

White's Historical Collections of Georgia, p. 316; Benedict's History of the Baptists (edition 1848), p. 740. Compare with Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1793, p. 545. Benedict's History of the Baptists, edition 1848, p. 727, note 5, shows no white minister was present except Abraham Marshall, and he says here he "assisted in the constitution of the church, and the ordination of the minister."

266

Benedict's History of the Baptists (edition 1813), Vol. II, p. 193.

267

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1791, p. 332.

268

Hervey's Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands, pp. 611-612; Cox's History of the British Baptist Missionary Society, 1792-1842, p. 12. Phillipo, Jamaica, Past and Present; E. K. Love's History First African Baptist Church, p. 35; Brown, Propagation of Christianity among Heathen, Vol. II, p. 94.

269

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1791, p. 336, and compare Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1790-1793, pp. 476, 481-483.

270

Ibid., 1791, p. 344.

271

Ibid., 1791, p. 336.

272

Benedict's History of the Baptists (edition 1813), Vol. II, p. 206.

273

James M. Simm's The First Colored Baptist Church in North America, p. 15.

274

"Andrew Bryan, and his brother Sampson, who was converted about a year after Andrew was, were twice imprisoned and they with about fifty others, without much ceremony, were severely whipped. Andrew was inhumanly cut and bled abundantly; but while under their lashes he held up his hands and told his persecutors that he rejoiced not only to be whipped but would freely suffer death for the cause of Christ." Baptist Home Missions in America, 1832-1882, Jubilee Volume, p. 388.

275

Benedict's History of the Baptists, edition 1848, p. 170. Compare with p. 723.

276

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1793, p. 545.

277

Rippon's Annual Baptist Register, 1793-1801, p. 367. Compare with Clark's letter, 1790-1793, p. 540.

278

For the leading facts of the life and history of Mauritius see the following: Charles Pridham's England's Colonial Empire (London, 1846); Le Premier Établissment des Neerlandais à Maurice; A Transport Voyage to the Mauritius and Back; Baron Grant, History of Mauritius or the Isle of France and the Neighboring Islands; Jacques Henri Bernardin de St. Pierre, A Voyage to the Island of Mauritius, the Isle of Bourbon, the Cape of Good Hope, etc. (London, 1775); Le Baron d'Unienville, Statistique de l'île de France et ses Dépendances (Paris, 1838); M. J. Milbert, Voyage pittoresque de l'île de France à Cap de Bonne Espérance et à l'île de Teneriffe (Paris, 1812); Adrien d'Epinay, Renseignements pour servir à l'histoire de l'île de France jusqu'à l'année 1810, inclusivement, précédés de notes sur le découverte de l'île sur l'occupation hollandaise; Henri Prentout, L'île de France sous Decaen, 1803-1810 (Paris, 1901); Patrick Beaton, Creoles and Coolies (London, 1858); Nicholas Pike, Subtropical Rambles in the Land of the Aphanapteryx (New York, 1873); and An Account of the Island of Mauritius and its Dependencies by a Late Official Resident.

279

Adrian d'Espinay Renseignments, etc., 112-113; An Account of the Island of Mauritius, 19.

280

Grant, History of Mauritius, 74.

281

Grant, History of Mauritius, 74-75.

282

Grant, History of Mauritius, p. 75, 1801.

283

Pridham, England's Colonial Empire, I, 160.

284

Beaton, Creoles and Coolies, 94-111; An Account of the Island of Mauritius and its Dependencies by a Late Official Resident, p. 19; Adrien d'Epinay, Renseignments, etc., pp. 112-113.

285

Henri Prentout, L'île de France sous DeCaen, 126.

286

Pridham, p. 154.

287

Ibid., p. 156.

288

Pridham, p. 157.

289

Pridham, pp. 164, 165.

290

Bernardin de St. Pierre, A Voyage, etc., pp. 100-105.

291

Pridham, p. 161.

292

Ibid., pp. 175-175.

293

This extract and the documents which follow were collected by Dr. R. E. Park.

294

The Springfield Republican, Dec. 6, 1902.

295

On March 27, 1861, certain Howard County citizens petitioned for money advanced by them to prosecute Anderson in the Canadian Courts (Session Laws, 1860, p. 534).

296

For Mrs. Haviland's story see her book, "A Woman's Life Work," published at Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1881. Anderson's story as told to her is found on pages 197-8.

297

See The Toronto Globe, Nov. 14, 1860.

298

Quoted in The Toronto Globe, Nov. 29, 1860.

299

The Toronto Globe, Dec. 3, 1860.

300

Life of Sir John Beverly Robinson, London, 1904, pp. 326-7.

301

The proceedings of this meeting are reported at length in The Globe of the following day.

302

Article X of the Ashburton Treaty, dealing with extradition, reads as follows: "It is agreed that the United States and Her Britannic Majesty shall, upon mutual requisition by them, or their ministers, officers, or authorities, respectively made, deliver up to justice all persons who, being charged with the crime of murder, or assault with intent to commit murder, or piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the utterance of forged paper, shall seek an asylum, or shall be found within the territories of the other; provided that this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime or offence had there been committed, etc."

303

Congressional Record, 44th Congress, First Session.

304

Simmons, Men of Mark, 699-703.

305

Congressional Record, 44th Congress, 1st Session, pp. 2100-2105.

306

Ibid., pp. 736, 1547, 5138.

307

Congressional Record, 1st Session, pp. 1444, 1445.

308

Congressional Record, 44th Congress, 1st Session, pp. 2100-2105.

309

Congressional Record, 44th Congress, 1st Session, p. 2104.

310

Congressional Record, Forty-sixth Congress, 1st Session, p. 2104.

311

Ibid., p. 2105.

312

Congressional Record, Forty-sixth Congress, 2d Session, pp. 2195-2196.

313

Congressional Record, Forty-fifth Congress, 1st Session, pp. 201, 245; 3d Session, pp. 1314, 1316, 2309.

314

Ibid., Forty-sixth Congress, 1st Session, pp. 45, 71, 435, 1679, 2415; 3d Session, pp. 632, 668.

315

Congressional Record, Forty-sixth Congress, 2d Session, pp. 45, 273, 538.

316

Ibid., pp. 1619, 1953, 2053, 2384, 4563.

317

See Simmons, Men of Mark, pp. 699-703.

318

Edwards, History of Illinois, 179.

319

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, 72; W. H. Lamon, Life of Abraham Lincoln, 83.

320

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, 15, 140, 151, 642.

321

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, 148, 285-288.

322

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, I, 286.

323

Ibid., I, 373, 375, 380-390.

324

Ibid., I, pp. 391, 392.

325

Nicolay and Hay, II, 85, 89.

326

Nicolay and Hay, II, 136-138, 143.

327

Nicolay and Hay, II, 137, 156, 157; Lincoln-Douglass Debates, p. 8.

328

Nicolay and Hay, II, pp. 75, 147.

329

Ibid., II, p. 149.

330

Nicolay and Hay, II, 156, 157, 216.

331

Murat Halstead, Conventions of 1860, 6.

332

Ibid., 7.

333

Nicolay and Hay, II, 255.

334

Nicolay and Hay, II, 287, 382.

335

Rhodes, United States, III, p. 357.

336

Burgess, Civil War, II, p. 76.

337

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, IV, 416-420; V, p. 211.

338

Burgess, Civil War, II, 79-80.

339

Nicolay and Hay, V, 206.

340

Nicolay and Hay, V, 207.

341

Dodge, View, chap. xi.

342

Nicolay and Hay, V, p. 209.

343

McPherson, History of the Rebellion, p. 210.

344

Nicolay and Hay, V, 214.

345

Ibid., VI, p. 90.

346

Nicolay and Hay, VI, 94-96.

347

Ibid., VI, 97.

348

Nicolay and Hay, VI, 99-100.

349

Nicolay and Hay, VI, 103.

350

Ibid., VI, 107.

351

Ibid., VI, pp. 109-111.

352

King, New Orleans, ch. xiii.

353

Dodge, View, ch. x.

354

Nicolay and Hay, VI, p. 121.

355

Ibid., VI, pp. 123-124.

356

Warden, Life of S. P. Chase, p. 439.

357

F. B. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 20-22.

358

Dodge, View, ch. xiv. Rossiter Johnson, History of War of Secession.

359

Nicolay and Hay, VI, 155.

360

Dodge, View, pp. 102-115.

361

Nicolay and Hay, VI, pp. 168-169.

362

Nicolay and Hay, VI, p. 164.

363

Extract from The Cream of Curiosity, by Reginald L. Hine, 1920, pp. 291-316.

364

To this day no news has reached England of Isaaco's death, and indeed after all he survived it seems impossible that he should ever die.

365

Isaaco was better able to appreciate their music than Mungo Park. In one item of his accounts, the latter writes: "To the native singers for singing their nonsense."

366

It must be remembered that Isaaco was writing a government report and careful to suppress all signs of indecorum. What a heap of money one would give to possess his private, unexpurgated journal!

367

A priest of Yaour to whom Amady Fatouma, the guide, had given a small present from Mungo Park.

368

Mansong had sold it to Park for a quantity of firearms. It was half rotten and took eighteen days to make water-tight. Forty feet long by six broad and flat-bottomed. They christened it "His Majesty's Schooner Joliba."

369

These articles were arranged by Monroe N. Work.

370

Keller, Albert Galloway, Ph.D., Colonization, Boston, Copyright, 1908, p. 145.

371

DuBois, William Edward Burghardt, The Negro, New York, 1915, p. 164.

372

Keller, pp. 156-157.

373

Ibid.

374

Christie, W. D., Notes on Brazil, London, 1821, pp. 69-76.

375

Christie, pp. 69-76.

376

Dawson, Thomas C., South American Republics, two volumes, first edition, vol. I, New York, Copyright, 1903, p. 481.

377

DuBois, The Negro, p. 152.

378

Ibid. p. 184.

379

Negro Population in the United States, 1790-1915, p. 33.

380

Ingram, J. K., A History of Slavery and Serfdom, London, 1895, p. 285.

381

Bureau of Census (Dept. of Commerce and Labor), A Century of Population Growth, Washington, 1909, p. 80.

382

Blake, William O., A History of Slavery and the Slave Trade, Columbus, 1857, p. 808.

383

DuBois, The Negro, p. 190.

384

Henderson, James, A History of Brazil, London, 1821, pp. 73-74.

385

Koster, Henry, Travels in Brazil, second edition, in two volumes, vol. II, London, 1817, pp. 247-259.

386

Christie, pp. 69-76.

387

Koster, p. 123.

388

Ibid., pp. 247-259.

389

Koster, pp. 247-259.

390

Americana, pp. 395-396.

391

Koster, pp. 229-231.

392

Koster, pp. 246-247.

393

Southey, vol. III, pp. 781-783, states that in Pernambuco masters were opposed to selling their slaves.

394

Koster, pp. 246-247.

395

Brawley, Benjamin Griffith, A Short History of the American Negro, N. Y., 1917, pp. 20-21.

396

DuBois, p. 197.

397

Americana, pp. 395-396.

398

Koster, pp. 238-239.

399

Ibid.

400

Koster, pp. 236-238.

401

Luccock, John, Notes on Rio de Janeiro and the Southern Part of Brazil, London, 1820, p. 591.

402

Koster, pp. 229-231.

403

Christie, p. 578.

404

Luccock, p. 591.

405

Koster, pp. 233-235.

406

Ibid.

407

Keller, pp. 156-157.

408

Blake, p. 808.

409

Brawley, pp. 20-21.

410

Henderson, pp. 72-78.

411

Brawley, p. 90.

412

DuBois, p. 196

413

Ibid.

414

Brawley, p. 90.

415

Dawson, p. 375.

416

Henderson, pp. 339-340.

417

Henderson, p. 340.

418

Ibid., p. 340.

419

Brawley, p. 22.

420

Koster, ch. XVIII

421

Mossell, Toussaint L'Ouverture, p. xiii.

422

Hardy, Negro Question in French Revolution, p. 1.

423

Moreau de St. Méry, Response, etc., 72.