The Journal of Negro History, Volume 4, 1919

3

Eulogy on Henry Clay, delivered in the State House at Springfield, Illinois, July 16, 1852. The quotation here noted is taken from a speech by Henry Clay before the American Colonization Society, 1827. Lincoln continued: "If as friends of colonization hope, the present and coming generations of our countrymen shall by any means succeed in freeing our land from the dangerous presence of slavery, and at the same time in restoring a captive people to their long lost fatherland with bright prospects for the future, and this too so gradually that neither races nor individuals shall have suffered by the change, it will be a glorious consummation." The Works of Abraham Lincoln, Federal Edition, edited by A.B. Lapsley, VIII, pp. 173-174.

4

"The political creed of Abraham Lincoln embraced among other tenets, a belief in the value and promise of colonization as one means of solving the great race problem involved in the existence of slavery in the United States.... Without being an enthusiast, Lincoln was a firm believer in Colonization." Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln—A History, VI, p. 354.

5

Speech at Peoria, Ill., in reply to Douglas. Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, II, Early Speeches. Centenary Edition, edited by M.M. Miller. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, October 16, 1854; p. 74.

6

In the same speech, Lincoln said: "I have said that the separation of the races is the only perfect preventive of amalgamation.... Such separation, if ever effected at all, must be effected by Colonization." The Works of Abraham Lincoln, Federal Edition, edited by A. B. Lapsley, II, p. 306.

7

Nicolay and Hay, Speeches, Letters and State Papers, Abraham Lincoln, I, p. 235. Lincoln's Springfield Speech, June 26, 1857.

8

Ibid., VI, p. 356.

9

Richardson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents, VI, p. 54. First Annual Message, December 3, 1861.

10

Section XI of Act approved April 16, 1862.

11

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, VI, p. 356. Act approved July 16, 1862.

12

Raymond, Life, Public Services and State Papers, p. 504.

13

Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, VI, p. 357.

14

Charles Sumner in a speech before a State Committee in Massachusetts, said: "A voice from the west—God save the west—revives the exploded theory of colonization, perhaps to divert attention from the great question of equal rights. To that voice, I reply, first, you ought not to do it, and secondly, you cannot do it. You ought not to do it, because besides its intrinsic and fatal injustice, you will deprive the country of what it most needs, which is labor. Those freedmen on the spot are better than mineral wealth. Each is a mine, out of which riches can be drawn, provided you let him share the product, and through him that general industry will be established which is better than anything but virtue, and is, indeed, a form of virtue. It is vain to say that this is a white man's country. It is the country of man. Whoever disowns any member of the human family as brother disowns God as father, and thus becomes impious as well as inhuman. It is the glory of republican institutions that they give practical form to this irresistible principle. If anybody is to be sent away, let it be the guilty and not the innocent."—Charles Sumner's Complete Works, XII, Section 3, p. 334.

15

Nicolay and Hay, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, II, p. 205. Nicolay and Hay, A History of Abraham Lincoln, VI, p. 356.

16

Raymond, Life, Public Services and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln, p. 504. Nicolay and Hay, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, VIII, p. 1.

17

Richardson, The Messages and Papers of the President, 1789-1897, p. 127. Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, VIII, p. 97.

[18] A section of the emancipation proclamation states that it is the President's purpose upon the next meeting of Congress to recommend the adoption of a practical measure so that the effort to "colonize persons of African decent with their consent, upon this continent or elsewhere with the previously obtained consent of the governments existing there," will be continued. Nicolay and Hay, A History, VI, p. 168.

[19] It is interesting to note that the colored population seemed very little in favor of colonization. "It is something singular that the colored race—those in reality most interested in the future destinies of Africa—should be so lightly affected by the evidences continually being presented in favor of colonization." The National Intelligencer, October 23, 1850. But an address issued by the National Emigration Convention of Colored people held at Cleveland, Ohio, urged the colored inhabitants of the United States seriously to consider the question of migrating to some foreign clime. See also Journal of Negro History, "Attitude of Free Negro on African Colonization," I.

18

Diplomatic Correspondence, Part I, p. 202. Nicolay and Hay. Complete Works, p. 357.

19

"Mr. Bates was for compulsory deportation. The Negro would not," he said, "go voluntary." "He had great local attachment but no enterprise or persistency. The President objected unequivocally to compulsion. The emigration must be voluntary and without expense to themselves. Great Britain, Denmark and perhaps other powers would take them. I remarked there was no necessity for a treaty which had been suggested. Any person who desired to leave the country could do so now, whether white or black, and it was best to have it so—a voluntary system; the emigrant who chose to leave our shores could and would go where there were the best inducements." Diary of Gideon Wells, I, p. 152.

20

Cf. Account by Charles K. Tuckerman, Magazine of American History, October, 1886.

21

Joseph Henry said to Assistant Secretary of State, September 5, 1862: "I hope the government will not make any contracts in regard to the purchase of the Chiriqui District until it has been thoroughly examined by persons of known capacity and integrity. A critical examination of all that has been reported on the existence of valuable beds of coal in that region has failed to convince me of the fact." Chiriqui is described in report Number 148, House of Representatives, 37th Congress, Second Session, July 16, 1862, by John Evans, geologist.

22

"There was an indisposition to press the subject of Negro Emigration to Chiriqui at the meeting of the Cabinet against the wishes and remonstrances of the states of Central America." Diary of Gideon Wells, I, p. 162.

23

Manuscript Archives of the Department of the Interior.

24

Nicolay and Hay, A History, VI, p. 361.

25

Richardson, Message and Papers of the President, I, p. 167.

26

Nicolay and Hay, A History, VI, p. 362.

27

Complete records to substantiate this statement have not been discovered.

28

Lincoln addressed thus the Secretary of War, February 1, 1864: "Sir; You are directed to have a transport … sent to the colored colony of San Domingo to bring back to this country such of the colonists there as desire to return. You will have a transport furnished with suitable supplies for that purpose and detail an officer of the quartermaster department, who under special instructions to be given shall have charge of the business. The colonists will be brought to Washington unless otherwise hereafter directed to be employed and provided for at the camps for colored persons around that city. Those only will be brought from the island who desire to return and their effects will be brought with them."

29

Nicolay and Hay, Complete Works, II, p. 477.

30

Statutes at Large, XIII, p. 352.

31

Butler's Reminiscences, pp. 903-904.

32

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 36.

33

Ibid., p. 38.

34

The pious Deacon Rose lived some years thereafter and had the pleasure of seeing Lemuel a distinguished man. See Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 40.

35

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 48.

36

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 60.

37

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 63.

38

Ibid., p. 66.

39

Simmons, Men of Mark, p. 677.

40

Ibid., p. 678.

41

Special Report of the United States Commissioner of Education, 1871, p. 342.

42

Woodson, The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861, p. 280.

43

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 67.

44

Ibid., p. 169; Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, XLIX, p. 234.

45

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, p. 170.

46

Cooley, Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes, pp. 372-373.

47

The Globe, April 1, 1851.

48

Ward, Autobiography of a Fugitive Slave.

49

Lewis, George Brown, p. 114.

50

Drew, North Side View of Slavery, p. 328.

51

Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, First Annual Report, p. 10.

52

First Annual Report, pp. 12-13.

53

Letters of Goldwin Smith, p. 377.

54

The Works of Benjamin Franklin, Correspondence, VII, pp. 201-202.

55

Ibid., II, p. 314.

56

The Works of Benjamin Franklin, II, p. 316.

57

Ibid., VIII, pp. 16-17.

58

Works of Benjamin Franklin, VIII, p. 42.

59

Works of Benjamin Franklin, X, p. 320.

60

Ibid., II, p. 515.

61

Works of Benjamin Franklin, X, p. 403.

62

The Works of Benjamin Franklin, II, p. 517.

63

Ibid., II, pp. 518-519.

64

The Works of Benjamin Franklin, II, pp. 519-520.

65

The Works of Benjamin Franklin, II, pp. 520-521.

66

Ibid., II, p. 521.

67

These proceedings appeared in The Vicksburg Commercial Daily Advertiser, May 5, 1879.

68

This appeared in The Vicksburg Commercial Daily Advertiser, May 6, 1879.

69

This appeared in The Vicksburg Commercial Daily Advertiser, May 7, 1879.

70

Congressional Record, 46th Congress, 2d Session, X, p. 155.

71

Ibid., pp. 155-170.

72

Congressional Record, 46th Congress, 2d Session, X, p. 170.

73

Reports of Committees of Senate of the United States for the First and Second Sessions of the Forty-Sixth Congress, 1879-80, VII, pp. iii-xiii.

74

Report of the Committee of the Senate of the United States for the First and Second Sessions of the Forty-Sixth Congress, 1879-80, VII, pp. viii-xxv.

75

Semmes, John H. B. Latrobe, pp. 140-142.

76

The African Repository, X, 104, and XII, 18.

77

Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 139-144.

78

This personal narrative was secured from B.F. Grant, of Washington, D. C., by Miss Mary L. Mason.

79

This address was delivered before the American Sociological Society convened in annual session at Richmond in 1918.

80

"The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment," American Journal of Sociology, V, 44, March, 1915, p. 589.

81

Rivers, "Ethnological Analysis of Cultures," Nature, Vol. I, 87, 1911.

82

W. J. McGee, Piratical Acculturation.

83

There is or was a few years ago near Mobile a colony of Africans who were brought to the United States as late as 1860. It is true, also, that Major R. R. Moton, who has succeeded Booker T. Washington as head of Tuskegee Institute, still preserves the story that was told him by his grandmother of the way in which his great-grandfather was brought from Africa in a slave ship.

84

Domestic Manners and Social Condition of the White, Coloured and Negro Population of the West Indies, by Mrs. Carmichael, Vol. I. (London, Wittaker, Treacher and Co.), p. 251.

"Native Africans do not at all like it to be supposed that they retain the customs of their country and consider themselves wonderfully civilized by being transplanted from Africa to the West Indies. Creole Negroes invariably consider themselves superior people, and lord it over the native Africans."

85

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was founded in 1701 and the efforts to Christianize the Negro were carried on with a great deal of zeal and with some success.

86

Journal of Negro History, Vol. I, 1916, p. 70.