Notes and Queries, Number 201, September 3, 1853

Reynolds's Nephew (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—I think I can certify A. Z. that two distinct branches of the Palmer family, the Deans, and another claiming like kindred to Sir Joshua Reynolds, still exist; from which I conclude that Sir Joshua had at least two nephews of that name. I regret that I cannot inform your correspondent as to the authorship of the piece about which he inquires; but, in the event of A. Z. not receiving a satisfactory answer to his Query through the medium of our publication, if he will furnish me with any farther particulars he may possess on the subject, I shall be happy to try what I can do towards possessing him with the desired information.

J. Sansom.

Oxford.

The Laird of Brodie (Vol. viii., p. 103.).—I. H. B. mistakes, I think, the meaning of the lines. The idea is not that the Laird was less than a gentleman, but that he was a gentleman of mark; at least, I have never heard any other interpretation put upon it in Scotland, where the ballad of "We'll gang nae mair a-roving," is a great favourite. King James is the subject of the ballad. That merry monarch made many lively escapades, and on this occasion he personated a beggarman. The damsel, to whom he successfully paid his addresses, saw through the disguise at first; but from the king's good acting, when he pretended to be afraid that the dongs would "rive his meal pokes," she began to think she had been mistaken. Then she expressed her disgust by saying, that she had thought her lover could not be anything less than the Laird of Brodie, the highest untitled gentleman probably in the neighbourhood: implying that she suspected he might be peer or prince.

W. C.

Mulciber (Vol. viii., p. 102).—It may not be a sufficient answer to Mr. Ward's Query, but I wish to state that there was no "Mayor of Bromigham" until after the passing of the Reform Bill. I think that it may be inferred from the extract given below, that the mayor was no more a reality than the shield which he is said to have wrought:

"His shield was wrought, if we may credit Fame,By Mulciber, the Mayor of Bromigham.A foliage of dissembl'd senna leavesGrav'd round its brim, the wond'ring sight deceives.Embost upon its field, a battle stood,Of leeches spouting hemorrhoidal blood.The artist too expresst the solemn state,Of grave physicians at a consult met;About each symptom how they disagree!But how unanimous in case of fee!And whilst one ass-ass-in another pliesWith starch'd civilities—the patient dyes."N. W. S.

Voiding Knife (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 280.).—The following quotation from Leland will throw more light on the ancient custom of voyding:

"In the mean time the server geueth a voyder to the carver, and he doth voyde into it the trenchers that lyeth under the knyues point, and so cleanseth the tables cleane."—Collectanea, vol. vi. p. 11., "The Intronization of Nevill."

Q.

Bloomsbury.

Sir John Vanbrugh (Vol. viii., pp. 65. 160.).—Previous to sending you my Query about the birthplace of Sir John Vanbrugh, I had carefully gone through the Registers of the Holy Trinity parish, Chester, and had discovered the baptisms or burials of seven sons and six daughters of Mr. Giles Vanbrugh duly registered therein. Sir John's name is not included in the list; therefore, if he was born in Chester, his baptism must have been registered at one of the many other parish churches of this city. The registers of St. Peter's Church, a neighbouring parish, have also been examined, but contain no notice of the baptism of the future knight. I will, however, continue the chace; and should I eventually fall in with the object of my search, will give my fellow-labourers the benefit of my explorations. Mr. Vanbrugh sen. died at Chester, and was buried with several of his children at Trinity Church, July 19, 1689.

T. Hughes.

Chester.

Portrait of Charles I.—The portrait of Charles I. by Vandyke (the subject of Mr. Breen's Query, "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 151.) is no less than the celebrated picture in which the monarch is represented standing, with his right hand resting on a walking cane, and his left (the arm being beautifully foreshortened) against his hip; and immediately behind him his horse is held by an equerry, supposed to be the Marquis of Hamilton. The picture hangs in the great square room at the Louvre, close on the left hand of the usual entrance door, and is undoubtedly one of the finest in that magnificent collection. As a portrait, it is without a rival. It is well known in this country by the admirable engraving from it, executed in 1782, by Sir Robert Strange.

The description of this picture in the Catalogue for 1852 du Musée Nationale du Louvre, is as follows:—

"Gravé par Strange; par Bonnefoy; par Duparc;—Filhol, t. 1. pl. 5.

"Collection de Louis XV.—Ce tableau, qui a été exécuté vers 1635, ne fut payé à van Dyck que 100 livres sterling. En 1754, il faisait partie, suivant Descamps, du cabinet du marquis de Lassay. On trouve cette note dans les mémoires secrets de Bachaument," &c.

Then follows the passage quoted by Mr. Breen. I can find no mention of a Dubarry among the ancestors of the monarch.

H. C. K.

Burial in an erect Posture (Vol. viii., p. 59.).—

"Pass, pass, who will yon chantry door,And through the chink in the fractured floorLook down, and see a grisly sight,A vault where the bodies are buried upright;There face to face and hand lay handThe Claphams and Mauleverers stand."Wordsworth, White Doe of Rylstone, Canto I.,p. 5., line 17., new edition, 1837.

See note on line 17 taken from Whitaker's Craven:

"At the east end of the north aisle of Bolton Priory Church is a chantry belonging to Bethmesley Hall, and a vault where, according to tradition, the Claphams were buried upright."

F. W. J.

Strut-Stowers and Yeathers or Yadders (Vol. viii., p. 148.).—The former of these words is, I believe, obsolete, or nearly so. It means bracing-stakes: strut, in carpentry, is to brace; and stower is a small kind of stake, as distinguished from the "ten stakes" mentioned in the legend quoted by Mr. Cooper.

The other word, Yeather or Yadder, is yet in use in Northumberland (vid. Brockett's Glossary), and is mentioned by Charlton in his History of Whitby. The legend referred to by Mr. Cooper is, I suspect, of modern origin but Dr. Young, in his History of Whitby, vol. i. p. 310., attributes it to some of the monks of the abbey; on what grounds he does not say. The records of the abbey contain no allusion to the legend; and no ancient MS. of it, either in Latin or English, has ever been produced. The penny-hedge is yearly renewed to this day but it is a service performed for a different reason than that attributed in the legend. (See Young and Charlton's histories.)

F. M.

The term strut is commonly used by carpenters for a brace or stay. Stower, in Bailey's Dictionary, is a stake; Halliwell spells it stoure, and says it is still in use. Forby connects the Norfolk word stour, stiff, inflexible, applied to standing corn, with this word, which he says is Lowland Scotch, and derives them both from Sui.-G. stoer, stipes. A yeather or yadder seems to be a rod to wattle the stakes with. In Norfolk, wattling a live fence is called ethering it, which word, evidently with yeather, may be derived from A.-S. ether or edor, a hedge. The barons, therefore, had to drive their stakes perpendicularly into the sand, to put the strut-stowers diagonally to enable them to withstand the force of the tide, and finally to wattle them together with the yeathers.

E. G. R.

Arms of See of York (Vol. viii., p. 111.).—It appears that the arms of the See of York were certainly changed during Wolsey's time, for on the vaulting of Christ Church Gate, Canterbury, is a shield bearing (in sculpture) the same arms as those now used by the Metropolitan See of Canterbury, impaling those of Wolsey, and over the shield a cardinal's hat. This gateway was built in 1517; yet in the parliament roll of 6th Henry VIII., 1515, the keys and crown are impaled with the arms of Wolsey as Archbishop of York (see fac-simile, published by Willement, 4to. Lond. 1829), showing that the alteration was not generally known when the gateway was built.

Although the charges on the earlier arms of the See of York were the same as on that of Canterbury, the colours of their fields differed; for in a north window of the choir of York Minster is a shield of arms, bearing the arms of Archbishop Bowett, who held the see from 1407 to 1423, impaled by the pall and pastoral staff, on a field gules. The glass is to all appearance of the fifteenth century.

T. Wt.

Leman Family (Vol. viii., p. 150.).—Without being able to give a substantial reply to R. W. L.'s Query, it may assist him to know that Sir John Leman had but one brother (William), who certainly did not emigrate from his native land. Sir John died, March 26, 1632, without issue; and was buried in the chancel of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, London. His elder brother, William, had five sons; all settled comfortably in England, and not at all likely to have left their native country. One of the Heralds' Visitations for the counties of Norfolk or Suffolk would materially assist your Philadelphian correspondent.

T. Hughes.Chester

Position of Font (Vol. vii., p. 149.).—In the church of Milton near Cambridge, the font is built into the north pier of the chancel arch; and from the appearance of the masonry, &c., this is evidently the original position. I have visited some hundreds of churches, and this is the only instance I have observed of a font in this position. Numerous instances occur where it is built into the south-western pier of the nave.

Norris Deck.

Cambridge.

Miscellaneous

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC

Our worthy publisher has just issued a volume which will be welcome, for the excellence of its matter and the beauty of its various illustrations, to all archæologists. These Memoirs illustrative of the History and Antiquities of Bristol and the Western Counties of Great Britain, and other Communications made to the Annual Meeting of the Archæological Institute held at Bristol in 1851, certainly equal in interest and variety any of their predecessors, and whether as a memorial of their visit to Bristol to those who attended the meeting, or as a pleasant substitute to those who did not, will doubtless find a resting-place on the shelf of every member of the Society whose proceedings they record.

We cannot better recommend to our readers Dr. Madden's newly published Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola, illustrative of the History of Church and State Connexion, than by stating that this remarkable man, whom some Protestants have claimed as of their own creed, while as many Romanists have rejected him as a heretic, is viewed by Dr. Madden as a monk of Florence at the close of the fifteenth century, who was of opinion that the mortal enemy of Christ's gospel in all ages of the world had been mammon; that simony was the sin against the Holy Ghost; that the interests of religion were naturally allied with those of liberty; that the Arts were the handmaids of both, of a Divine origin, and were given to earth for purposes that tended to spiritualise humanity; and who directed all his teachings, preachings, and writings to one great object, namely, the separation of religion from all worldly influences. On this theme Dr. Madden discourses with great learning, and, some few passages excepted, with great moderation; and the result is a Life of Savonarola, which gives a far more complete view of his character and his writings than has heretofore been attempted.

Books Received.—History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, by Lord Mahon, Vol. V. This volume embraces the period between the early years of George III. and 1774, when Franklin was dismissed from his office of Deputy Postmaster-General; and, as it includes the Junius period, gives occasion to Lord Mahon to avow his adherence to "the Franciscan theory;" while the Appendix contains two letters in support of the same view,—one from Sir James Macintosh, and one from Mr. Macaulay.—Confessions of a Working Man, from the French of Emile Souvestre. This interesting narrative, well deserving the attention both of masters and working men, forms Part XLVIII. of Longman's Traveller's Library.—Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, drawn from the Originals: described and illustrated by J. Y. Akerman, Part VI. containing coloured engravings of the size of the originals of Fibulæ and Bullæ, from cemeteries in Kent; and Fibulæ, Beads, &c. from a grave near Stamford.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE

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Bayley's Londiniana. Vol. II. 1829.

The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity Justified. 1774.

Parkhurst on the Divinity of Our Saviour. 1787

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–– Second Review. 1719.

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