Лексика английского для продолжающих. Идиомы и фразовые конструкции

Some people like to _______ to get a better deal at the market.

You can _______ or pay in cash when shopping.

After shopping, I always _______ in reusable bags.

Food and Restaurants — Ordering, Cooking, and Talking About Meals

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Eating is an essential part of daily life, and talking about food is a common topic. When dining at a restaurant, it’s polite to look at the menu before ordering. Customers may ask for recommendations from the waiter or check the specials of the day. Once ready, people place an order politely and may ask for a refill of drinks or request a side dish.

Cooking at home is another way to enjoy meals. Many people like to follow a recipe to prepare dishes accurately. Sometimes they chop vegetables, boil water, or preheat the oven before starting. Cooking together can also be social, as people set the table and serve the food to family or friends.

Talking about meals often includes describing taste, portion size, or preferences. People might say a dish is spicy, sweet, or salty. They may also compliment the chef or ask for seconds if they enjoyed the meal. Sharing opinions on food can include phrases like «I prefer vegetarian dishes» or «This meal is too rich for me.»

At restaurants, paying the bill is the final step. Customers may ask for the check or split the bill with friends. It’s important to tip the waiter appropriately in many countries.

Eating habits also involve planning and nutrition. People often plan meals for the week or buy ingredients in advance. Maintaining a balanced diet may include eating more fruits and vegetables, cutting down on sugar, or drinking plenty of water.

Food is more than just sustenance — it’s culture, enjoyment, and social interaction. Knowing common phrases for ordering, cooking, and discussing meals can make everyday conversations easier and more natural.

Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples

look at the menu — смотреть меню

Example: Before ordering, we always look at the menu carefully.

ask for recommendations — попросить совет/рекомендации

Example: I asked for recommendations from the waiter.

check the specials — узнать блюда дня

Example: Let’s check the specials before choosing our meals.

place an order — сделать заказ

Example: We placed our order and waited for the food.

ask for a refill — попросить добавить напиток

Example: He asked for a refill of water during lunch.

request a side dish — попросить гарнир

Example: She requested a side dish of vegetables.

follow a recipe — следовать рецепту

Example: I always follow a recipe when baking cakes.

chop vegetables — нарезать овощи

Example: She chopped vegetables for the salad.

boil water — вскипятить воду

Example: Don’t forget to boil water for pasta.

preheat the oven — разогреть духовку

Example: Preheat the oven before baking the cookies.

set the table — накрыть на стол

Example: The children helped set the table for dinner.

serve the food — подавать еду

Example: The waiter served the food to our table.

spicy, sweet, salty — острое, сладкое, солёное

Example: The soup is very spicy, but the dessert is sweet.

compliment the chef — похвалить повара

Example: Guests often compliment the chef on delicious meals.

ask for seconds — попросить добавку

Example: I really enjoyed the pasta, so I asked for seconds.

ask for the check — попросить счёт

Example: After dinner, we asked for the check.

split the bill — разделить счёт

Example: Let’s split the bill evenly among us.

tip the waiter — оставить чаевые

Example: Don’t forget to tip the waiter after good service.

plan meals for the week — планировать питание на неделю

Example: I like to plan meals for the week to save time.

buy ingredients in advance — покупать ингредиенты заранее

Example: She buys ingredients in advance for all her recipes.

eat more fruits and vegetables — есть больше фруктов и овощей

Example: Doctors recommend to eat more fruits and vegetables.

cut down on sugar — уменьшить потребление сахара

Example: I try to cut down on sugar for better health.

drink plenty of water — пить достаточно воды

Example: It’s important to drink plenty of water every day.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:

Before ordering, we always _______ carefully.

I _______ from the waiter to decide what to eat.

She likes to _______ to prepare dinner accurately.

Don’t forget to _______ for pasta.

The children helped _______ for dinner.

After enjoying the meal, I _______ because it was delicious.

We _______ evenly among friends after dinner.

He always _______ to thank the staff.

I try to _______ to eat healthier.

She likes to _______ to make cooking faster during the week.

Sports and Fitness — Exercises, Sports Events, Staying in Shape

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Sports and fitness play an important role in maintaining health and energy. Many people like to work out regularly to stay in shape. Some prefer cardio exercises, like running or cycling, while others enjoy strength training at the gym. Warm-ups and stretches are important to prevent injuries before starting any activity.

Participating in sports events can be exciting. People often join a team or compete in a race. Fans enjoy cheering for their favorite team during games or matches. Some athletes set personal goals to improve their performance and track their progress over time.

Fitness routines vary from person to person. Some people like to follow a workout plan, while others prefer a more flexible approach. Regular exercise can help boost energy, improve mood, and strengthen muscles. It’s also important to stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet to support physical activity.

Outdoor activities like hiking, swimming, or playing tennis offer both fun and exercise. People often warm up before exercising and cool down after to relax their muscles. Group classes like yoga or aerobics can provide motivation and social interaction.

Sports and fitness are not just about physical health — they also teach discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. By making time for exercise and setting realistic goals, people can maintain a healthy lifestyle and enjoy the benefits of staying active.

Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples

work out regularly — тренироваться регулярно

Example: I try to work out regularly to stay fit.

cardio exercises — кардио-тренировки

Example: Running and cycling are popular cardio exercises.

strength training — силовые тренировки

Example: He prefers strength training at the gym.

prevent injuries — предотвращать травмы

Example: Warm-ups help prevent injuries during exercise.

join a team — вступить в команду

Example: She decided to join a team for soccer.

compete in a race — участвовать в гонке

Example: He will compete in a race next weekend.

cheer for their favorite team — болеть за любимую команду

Example: Fans cheer for their favorite team during matches.

set personal goals — ставить личные цели

Example: Athletes often set personal goals to improve performance.

track their progress — отслеживать прогресс

Example: I use an app to track my progress in running.

follow a workout plan — следовать плану тренировок

Example: Beginners should follow a workout plan to stay consistent.

boost energy — повысить энергию

Example: Exercise helps boost energy throughout the day.

improve mood — улучшить настроение

Example: Yoga classes can improve mood and reduce stress.

strengthen muscles — укреплять мышцы

Example: Strength training helps strengthen muscles.

stay hydrated — поддерживать водный баланс

Example: It’s important to stay hydrated during exercise.

eat a balanced diet — питаться сбалансированно

Example: Athletes must eat a balanced diet to perform well.

hiking, swimming, or playing tennis — походы, плавание, игра в теннис

Example: Outdoor activities like hiking, swimming, or playing tennis are great for fitness.

warm up before exercising — разогреваться перед тренировкой

Example: Always warm up before exercising.

cool down after — делать заминку после тренировки

Example: Don’t forget to cool down after your workout.

motivation and social interaction — мотивация и общение

Example: Group classes provide motivation and social interaction.

making time for exercise — находить время для тренировок

Example: She is good at making time for exercise despite a busy schedule.

setting realistic goals — ставить реалистичные цели

Example: Setting realistic goals helps maintain progress without frustration.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:

I try to _______ at least three times a week.

Running and cycling are examples of _______.

Beginners should _______ to stay consistent.

Warm-ups help _______ during workouts.

He decided to _______ to play basketball.

Athletes often _______ to improve performance.

I use an app to _______ in my training.

Yoga and aerobics classes provide _______.

Don’t forget to _______ after running.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires _______ and _______.

Weather and Climate — Describing Conditions, Seasons, Forecasts

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Weather affects daily life in many ways. People often talk about the weather to start a conversation or plan activities. Common topics include temperature, precipitation, and wind conditions. Some days are sunny and warm, while others are cold and rainy. It’s important to dress appropriately for the weather.

Seasons also influence routines and plans. In spring, people enjoy blooming flowers and mild temperatures. Summer often brings hot days and outdoor activities. Autumn is known for falling leaves and cooler weather, while winter can be snowy and freezing. Many people plan vacations or holidays based on seasonal changes.

Weather forecasts help people prepare for upcoming conditions. They might check the forecast on the news, on apps, or online. Some pay attention to storm warnings, heat waves, or heavy rainfall. Knowing the weather in advance helps plan outings, dress properly, and stay safe.

Talking about climate is slightly different from weather. Climate refers to long-term patterns, such as dry, humid, or temperate regions. People might discuss how climate affects lifestyle, agriculture, or travel. Understanding climate trends helps make informed decisions about where to live or when to visit certain places.

Weather can also affect moods and daily energy. People might feel cheerful on sunny days or gloomy during prolonged rain. Being able to describe weather accurately is useful for communication, travel, and even small talk with others.

Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples

talk about the weather — говорить о погоде

Example: It’s common to talk about the weather when meeting someone new.

temperature — температура

Example: The temperature dropped to 5° C last night.

precipitation — осадки

Example: Heavy precipitation is expected tomorrow.

wind conditions — состояние ветра

Example: Strong wind conditions may cancel outdoor events.

sunny and warm / cold and rainy — солнечно и тепло / холодно и дождливо

Example: Today is sunny and warm, perfect for a picnic.

dress appropriately — одеваться соответственно

Example: Make sure to dress appropriately for the snow.

blooming flowers and mild temperatures — цветущие цветы и мягкая погода

Example: Spring brings blooming flowers and mild temperatures.

hot days and outdoor activities — жаркие дни и активный отдых

Example: Summer has hot days and outdoor activities.

falling leaves and cooler weather — опадающие листья и прохладная погода

Example: Autumn is known for falling leaves and cooler weather.

snowy and freezing — снежно и морозно

Example: Winter mornings are often snowy and freezing.

prepare for upcoming conditions — подготовиться к предстоящим условиям

Example: Checking the forecast helps prepare for upcoming conditions.

check the forecast — проверять прогноз

Example: I always check the forecast before traveling.

storm warnings / heat waves / heavy rainfall — предупреждения о шторме / жара / сильный дождь

Example: The weather app issued storm warnings for the coast.

plan outings, dress properly, and stay safe — планировать мероприятия, одеваться правильно, быть в безопасности

Example: Knowing the weather allows you to plan outings, dress properly, and stay safe.

dry, humid, or temperate regions — сухие, влажные или умеренные районы

Example: Tropical countries are usually humid regions.

climate affects lifestyle — климат влияет на образ жизни

Example: The desert climate affects lifestyle and water usage.

make informed decisions — принимать обоснованные решения

Example: Studying climate trends helps make informed decisions about travel.

cheerful on sunny days / gloomy during prolonged rain — радостный в солнечные дни / угрюмый во время длительного дождя

Example: I feel cheerful on sunny days but gloomy during prolonged rain.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:

People often _______ when starting a conversation.

The _______ dropped below zero last night.

Strong _______ may cancel outdoor events.

Today is _______ and perfect for a picnic.

Always _______ according to the weather forecast.

Spring is known for _______ and mild temperatures.

Winter mornings can be _______ and freezing.

It’s important to _______ before traveling or going outside.

Tropical countries are usually _______ regions.

I feel _______ on sunny days but _______ during prolonged rain.

Work and Professions — Jobs, Offices, Responsibilities

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Work is an important part of most people’s lives. Everyone has different jobs and responsibilities depending on their profession. Some people work in offices, while others work outdoors or in specialized environments. Many careers require specific skills, education, and experience.

In an office setting, employees often attend meetings, check emails, and complete tasks by deadlines. Communication with colleagues is essential. People often give reports, present ideas, and collaborate on projects. Some employees also supervise others or train new staff.

Jobs outside the office can be equally demanding. Healthcare workers, teachers, and engineers often follow strict schedules, manage multiple tasks, and solve problems quickly. Physical and mental effort may vary depending on the job, but responsibility and dedication are always important.

Professional growth often involves setting goals, taking training courses, or asking for feedback. Employees who stay organized and manage time effectively usually perform better and reduce stress. Many also balance work and personal life to maintain well-being.

Workplaces may have different rules, cultures, and expectations. Understanding professional etiquette, dressing appropriately, and being punctual help employees succeed. In addition, learning how to network and communicate professionally can open new opportunities.

Knowing vocabulary for jobs, offices, and responsibilities is important for both conversations and professional development. Being able to describe tasks, explain roles, and talk about work routines makes communication easier and more natural.

Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples

jobs and responsibilities — работа и обязанности

Example: Every employee has different jobs and responsibilities.

offices — офисы

Example: Many people spend most of their day in offices.

attend meetings — посещать собрания

Example: Employees attend meetings to discuss project progress.

check emails — проверять электронную почту

Example: I usually check emails first thing in the morning.

complete tasks by deadlines — выполнять задачи в срок

Example: She always completes tasks by deadlines.

give reports — давать отчеты

Example: Managers often give reports to the director.

present ideas — представлять идеи

Example: He presented his ideas during the team meeting.

collaborate on projects — сотрудничать над проектами

Example: Teams collaborate on projects to meet deadlines.

supervise others — руководить другими

Example: She supervises others in her department.

train new staff — обучать новых сотрудников

Example: Experienced employees often train new staff.

follow strict schedules — следовать строгому расписанию

Example: Nurses follow strict schedules during their shifts.

manage multiple tasks — справляться с несколькими задачами

Example: He can manage multiple tasks efficiently.

solve problems quickly — быстро решать проблемы

Example: Engineers need to solve problems quickly on site.

setting goals — постановка целей

Example: Setting goals helps employees improve performance.

taking training courses — проходить курсы повышения квалификации

Example: She is taking training courses to develop new skills.

asking for feedback — просить обратную связь

Example: Employees should ask for feedback to improve their work.

stay organized — быть организованным

Example: I try to stay organized using a daily planner.

manage time effectively — эффективно управлять временем

Example: He manages time effectively to meet deadlines.

balance work and personal life — балансировать работу и личную жизнь

Example: It’s important to balance work and personal life.

dressing appropriately — одеваться соответствующе

Example: Employees should dress appropriately according to the company policy.

being punctual — быть пунктуальным

Example: Being punctual is highly valued in the workplace.

network — налаживать связи

Example: Professionals often network at conferences.

communicate professionally — общаться профессионально

Example: Learning to communicate professionally improves teamwork.

describe tasks / explain roles / talk about work routines — описывать задачи / объяснять роли / рассказывать о рабочем распорядке

Example: It’s useful to describe tasks clearly in job interviews.

Exercise: Fill in the Gaps

Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:

Employees often _______ to discuss projects.

I start my day by _______ first thing in the morning.

Managers need to _______ to the director regularly.

Teams _______ to meet deadlines.

She _______ new employees in the department.

Nurses _______ to ensure patient care.

He can _______ efficiently without getting stressed.

Professionals should _______ to improve skills.

It’s important to _______ and _______ to succeed at work.

Conferences are a good way to _______ and _______.

Study and Education — School, Exams, Learning Strategies

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Education is a key part of personal development and career growth. Students attend school or university to gain knowledge and skills. Classes usually involve listening to lectures, taking notes, and participating in discussions. Teachers and professors often assign homework or give projects to help students apply what they learn.

Exams are a common part of academic life. Students need to prepare for tests, review materials, and practice problem-solving. Some exams are multiple-choice, while others require essays or presentations. Managing time effectively during exams is crucial for success.

Learning strategies can make studying more efficient. People often create a study schedule, highlight key information, or use flashcards to memorize important facts. Group study sessions can help students discuss difficult topics and explain concepts to others.

Education also involves setting goals. Students may aim for high grades, improve skills, or learn new subjects. Motivation and discipline are essential for maintaining focus. Teachers often give feedback to guide students and help them track their progress.