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Лексика английского для продолжающих. Идиомы и фразовые конструкции
Лексика английского для продолжающих
Идиомы и фразовые конструкции
Джонас Тичерман
© Джонас Тичерман, 2026
ISBN 978-5-0070-3255-1
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Введение
Изучение и освоение устойчивых выражений в английском языке имеет важное значение для эффективного общения как в профессиональной, так и в социальной среде. Устойчивые выражения, включая идиомы, словосочетания и закрепленные фразы, позволяют учащимся передавать смысл точно, участвовать в разговорах свободно и корректно интерпретировать устные и письменные тексты.
Эта книга предназначена для структурированного изучения и практики устойчивых выражений в повседневных контекстах. Каждая глава посвящена определенной тематике, предоставляя соответствующую лексику, примеры текстов и упражнения для закрепления понимания и использования выражений. Выбранные выражения отражают практические ситуации общения, с которыми учащиеся вероятнее всего столкнутся, способствуя развитию как рецептивных, так и продуктивных языковых навыков.
Организация книги основана на контекстном подходе к обучению. Тексты демонстрируют естественное использование выражений, за которыми следуют разделы лексики с переводом и примерами использования. Упражнения направлены на закрепление знаний и стимулируют активное применение материала. Такой подход способствует внутреннему усвоению выражений и поддерживает развитие языковой компетенции за пределами механического запоминания.
Целевая аудитория включает учащихся английского языка, стремящихся улучшить навыки разговорной речи, расширить словарный запас и повысить уверенность в письменной и устной коммуникации. Книга также может быть использована преподавателями в качестве вспомогательного материала для систематического обучения устойчивым выражениям в контексте.
Сосредоточение на тематических областях, практических примерах и структурированных упражнениях позволяет учащимся научиться распознавать, понимать и корректно использовать устойчивые выражения. Материал книги способствует регулярной практике и рефлексии, поддерживая развитие функциональных языковых навыков, необходимых для повседневного общения, профессиональной деятельности и личного самовыражения на английском языке.
Желаю успехов!
Daily Routines — Talking about Morning and Evening Habits
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Most people have routines that help them manage their day efficiently. A morning routine is especially important because it sets the tone for the entire day. Some people like to wake up at the crack of dawn, while others prefer to sleep in. After getting out of bed, many start their day with a cup of coffee or a glass of water to wake up. Some people hit the snooze button several times before finally rising.
After waking up, it’s common to freshen up, brush your teeth, and take a shower. Some people work out in the morning to energize themselves. Others might go for a morning jog or do yoga. A healthy breakfast is also part of the routine for many. People often grab a quick bite if they are in a hurry or sit down for a proper meal if they have more time.
Work and school schedules usually dictate the next part of the day. People head to work or drop the kids off at school. During the day, it’s common to check emails, attend meetings, and run errands. Some people find time to catch up with friends during lunch breaks, while others grab lunch on the go.
Evening routines are equally important for winding down. After work, many like to kick back and unwind. Some hit the gym after work, while others cook dinner at home. Eating together with family is a common habit in many households. Some people watch TV or scroll through social media before going to bed.
Before sleep, people often brush their teeth again and wash their face. Some like to read a book or listen to music to relax. Many try to turn in early to get enough sleep for the next day. Following a consistent routine can make life more manageable and help reduce stress.
Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples
wake up at the crack of dawn — вставать на рассвете
Example: She likes to wake up at the crack of dawn to go for a run.
sleep in — поспать дольше
Example: On weekends, I usually sleep in until 10 a.m.
hit the snooze button — нажимать кнопку повтора будильника
Example: I always hit the snooze button at least twice before getting up.
freshen up — освежиться
Example: I like to freshen up before breakfast.
take a shower — принять душ
Example: He always takes a shower in the morning.
work out — заниматься спортом
Example: I work out three times a week to stay healthy.
go for a morning jog — пойти на утреннюю пробежку
Example: She goes for a morning jog every day.
grab a quick bite — быстро перекусить
Example: I grab a quick bite on my way to work.
sit down for a proper meal — сесть за полноценную еду
Example: On Sundays, we sit down for a proper meal with the whole family.
head to work — отправляться на работу
Example: After breakfast, I head to work.
drop the kids off at school — отвозить детей в школу
Example: I drop the kids off at school before going to the office.
run errands — выполнять мелкие дела
Example: On Saturdays, I run errands in the morning.
catch up with friends — встретиться с друзьями, наверстать новости
Example: I love to catch up with friends over lunch.
grab lunch on the go — перекусить на бегу
Example: Sometimes I grab lunch on the go if I have no time.
kick back — расслабиться
Example: After a long day, I like to kick back on the sofa.
unwind — расслабляться
Example: A warm bath helps me unwind.
hit the gym — ходить в спортзал
Example: He hits the gym after work.
scroll through social media — листать соцсети
Example: She scrolls through social media before bed.
turn in early — ложиться спать рано
Example: I try to turn in early on weekdays.
make life more manageable — сделать жизнь проще
Example: Planning your day can make life more manageable.
Exercise: Fill in the Gaps
Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:
On weekends, I like to _______ until 10 a.m.
After work, I usually _______ on the sofa and watch TV.
Every morning, she _______ for a 30-minute run.
Before breakfast, I always _______ and brush my teeth.
On my way to work, I often _______ at a café.
He likes to _______ three times a week to stay healthy.
On weekdays, I try to _______ to get enough sleep.
During lunch break, I sometimes _______ with my coworkers.
To relax before bed, I _______ to catch up on the news.
Planning your day can _______ and reduce stress.
Time and Schedules — Making Appointments, Deadlines, and Planning
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Managing time effectively is essential in both work and personal life. Many people rely on routines, calendars, and planners to stay organized. Some prefer to plan ahead, while others are more spontaneous.
One common task is making appointments. This can involve checking availability, setting a time, and confirming the meeting. For example, you might call a doctor’s office to book an appointment or schedule a business meeting with a colleague.
Deadlines are another important aspect of time management. People often need to meet deadlines for work, school, or personal projects. Missing a deadline can cause stress, so many rely on setting reminders to stay on track. Some people prioritize tasks to focus on the most important assignments first.
Planning your day or week can help you avoid last-minute stress. Some people like to make a to-do list every morning. Others block time in their calendar for specific tasks. During the week, it’s common to reschedule meetings if conflicts arise, or delegate tasks to others to manage workload.
Communication is also important. People often touch base with colleagues or friends to confirm plans. They might follow up after sending emails or messages to make sure tasks are progressing. Using expressions like «Can we pencil in a meeting?» or «Let’s set a time that works for both of us» helps make planning smoother.
Even simple daily routines require some planning. Waking up on time, commuting, eating, exercising, and going to bed at regular times all require some time management. People who stick to a schedule often feel more organized and less stressed.
Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples
stay on top of your schedule — контролировать своё расписание
Example: I use a digital planner to stay on top of my schedule.
plan ahead — планировать заранее
Example: It’s always better to plan ahead for holidays.
making appointments — назначать встречи
Example: I’m making appointments with clients for next week.
checking availability — проверять доступность
Example: Before setting a meeting, I always check availability.
setting a time — назначить время
Example: We need to set a time for our team discussion.
confirming the meeting — подтверждать встречу
Example: Don’t forget to confirm the meeting tomorrow morning.
book an appointment — записаться на приём
Example: I need to book an appointment with my dentist.
meet deadlines — сдавать в срок
Example: It’s important to meet deadlines at work.
setting reminders — устанавливать напоминания
Example: I use my phone for setting reminders for important tasks.
prioritize tasks — расставлять приоритеты
Example: I always prioritize tasks so I finish the most important ones first.
avoid last-minute stress — избежать стресса в последний момент
Example: Planning your day carefully can avoid last-minute stress.
make a to-do list — составлять список дел
Example: I like to make a to-do list every morning.
block time — выделять время
Example: I block time in my calendar for focused work.
reschedule meetings — переносить встречи
Example: We had to reschedule meetings due to a scheduling conflict.
delegate tasks — поручать задачи
Example: A good manager knows how to delegate tasks effectively.
touch base — связываться для уточнения
Example: Let’s touch base tomorrow to finalize the project.
follow up — связываться повторно
Example: I’ll follow up with her about the contract.
Can we pencil in a meeting? — можем ли мы предварительно назначить встречу?
Example: Can we pencil in a meeting for next Wednesday?
Let’s set a time that works for both of us — давай назначим время, удобное для нас обоих
Example: Let’s set a time that works for both of us to discuss the report.
time management — управление временем
Example: Good time management helps reduce stress.
stick to a schedule — следовать расписанию
Example: She always sticks to a schedule and rarely misses deadlines.
Exercise: Fill in the Gaps
Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:
I always try to _______ for work and personal tasks.
To finish everything on time, I need to _______ for next week.
Before we meet, let’s _______ to see if we are free.
Don’t forget to _______ after sending the email.
I use my phone for _______ for important deadlines.
To avoid stress, I like to _______ at the start of the day.
Our meeting was postponed, so we need to _______.
A good manager knows how to _______ efficiently.
Can we _______ for next Thursday?
Planning your day well helps _______ and feel more organized.
Travel and Transportation — Airports, Trains, Buses, and Directions
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Traveling can be exciting, but it also requires good planning and understanding of transportation systems. Airports, trains, and buses all have their own rules and routines. When traveling by plane, it’s important to check in at the airport on time. Many people drop off their luggage at the counter and go through security before heading to the gate. Sometimes flights are delayed or cancelled, so it’s wise to keep an eye on the departure board.
Train travel is another common way to get around. Passengers often buy tickets in advance to secure a seat. When boarding, people show their tickets and find their carriage or platform. Delays can happen, so it’s good to ask for information at the station. On longer trips, travelers may grab a snack on the train or stretch their legs during stops.
Bus travel is usually more flexible but can also be unpredictable. Some people wait in line to buy tickets, while others hop on a bus quickly if they have a pass. Knowing the route and stops is important, so many travelers ask for directions or check a timetable before leaving.
Getting around in a new city often involves asking for directions. People may turn left, turn right, or go straight depending on the route. Landmarks such as traffic lights, shops, or parks are often used to help navigate. Some travelers also use maps or navigation apps to find the quickest way.
Whether traveling for business or leisure, staying on schedule and planning ahead can make the journey smoother. Knowing common phrases for airports, trains, buses, and directions can help avoid confusion and make travel less stressful.
Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples
check in — зарегистрироваться
Example: You need to check in at least two hours before your flight.
drop off luggage — сдать багаж
Example: I dropped off my luggage at the airport counter.
go through security — пройти контроль безопасности
Example: Passengers must go through security before boarding.
delayed or cancelled — задержан или отменен
Example: The flight was delayed due to bad weather.
keep an eye on the departure board — следить за табло вылетов
Example: Make sure to keep an eye on the departure board for updates.
buy tickets in advance — покупать билеты заранее
Example: I always buy tickets in advance to avoid standing in line.
show their tickets — показывать билеты
Example: Passengers need to show their tickets before boarding.
find their carriage or platform — найти свой вагон или платформу
Example: He quickly found his platform and waited for the train.
ask for information — спрашивать информацию
Example: If you are lost, don’t hesitate to ask for information.
grab a snack on the train — перекусить в поезде
Example: She grabbed a snack on the train before continuing her journey.
stretch their legs — размять ноги
Example: During a long trip, it’s good to stretch your legs at stops.
wait in line — стоять в очереди
Example: People often wait in line to buy bus tickets.
hop on a bus — быстро сесть в автобус
Example: We hopped on a bus just before it left the station.
ask for directions — спрашивать дорогу
Example: Tourists often ask for directions in a new city.
turn left / turn right / go straight — повернуть налево / направо / идти прямо
Example: To get to the museum, turn left at the traffic lights.
landmarks — ориентиры
Example: Use landmarks like shops or parks to find your way.
maps or navigation apps — карты или навигационные приложения
Example: I always check maps or navigation apps when I travel.
on schedule — по расписанию
Example: The train arrived on schedule.
planning ahead — планирование заранее
Example: Planning ahead makes travel less stressful.
Exercise: Fill in the Gaps
Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:
Don’t forget to _______ at the airport before your flight.
We need to _______ before going to the gate.
Passengers must _______ before boarding the plane.
The train was _______ because of technical issues.
Always _______ for updates at the station.
I like to _______ to secure my seat in advance.
Make sure to _______ when entering the train.
Travelers often _______ at stops to move around.
Tourists usually _______ in unfamiliar cities.
You can use _______ to find the fastest route.
Shopping and Stores — Buying Clothes, Groceries, and Haggling
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Shopping is a daily activity that can be both practical and enjoyable. People visit stores to buy clothes, groceries, or other essentials. When shopping for clothes, it’s common to try on items to see if they fit. Customers may also ask for a different size or check the price tag before making a decision. Some stores have sales or discounts, which shoppers often look for to save money.
Grocery shopping usually involves creating a shopping list to remember everything needed. Many people browse the aisles to find fresh fruits, vegetables, or packaged goods. Some items may be on special offer, so it’s wise to compare prices before buying. Using a shopping cart or basket makes it easier to carry multiple items.
In markets or smaller stores, haggling is common. Customers may ask for a lower price or negotiate to get a better deal. Phrases like «Can you give me a discount?» or «Is that the best price?» are often used. Knowing how to pay in cash or by card is also important. After shopping, people often pack their purchases in bags before leaving the store.
Online shopping has become very popular. Shoppers can browse products online, add items to a cart, and proceed to checkout. It’s important to check delivery times and read product reviews to ensure satisfaction.
Shopping also involves manners and etiquette. Being polite to store staff, asking for assistance, and returning items properly are part of good shopping habits. Following these tips can make shopping faster, easier, and more enjoyable.
Vocabulary: Expressions with Translation and Examples
try on items — примерять вещи
Example: I like to try on items before buying clothes.
ask for a different size — попросить другой размер
Example: She asked for a different size because the shirt was too small.
check the price tag — проверить ценник
Example: Always check the price tag before deciding to buy.
sales or discounts — распродажи или скидки
Example: I bought this jacket during the sales.
save money — экономить деньги
Example: Comparing prices helps me save money.
shopping list — список покупок
Example: I made a shopping list to remember everything I needed.
browse the aisles — осматривать полки
Example: We browsed the aisles to find fresh vegetables.
special offer — специальное предложение
Example: This item is on special offer today.
compare prices — сравнивать цены
Example: Always compare prices before making a purchase.
shopping cart / basket — тележка / корзина для покупок
Example: I put all the items in a shopping cart.
ask for a lower price / negotiate — попросить снизить цену / торговаться
Example: He tried to negotiate for a better deal.
pay in cash / by card — платить наличными / картой
Example: You can pay by card or in cash.
pack purchases — упаковывать покупки
Example: She packed her purchases in reusable bags.
browse products online — просматривать товары онлайн
Example: I like to browse products online before visiting a store.
add items to a cart — добавить товары в корзину
Example: I added items to my cart and went to checkout.
proceed to checkout — переходить к оплате
Example: After selecting products, you proceed to checkout.
check delivery times — проверить сроки доставки
Example: Always check delivery times before ordering.
read product reviews — читать отзывы о товаре
Example: I read product reviews to avoid mistakes.
asking for assistance — просить помощи
Example: Don’t hesitate to ask for assistance if needed.
return items properly — правильно возвращать товары
Example: She always returns items properly if they don’t fit.
Exercise: Fill in the Gaps
Complete the sentences with expressions from the vocabulary above:
I always like to _______ before buying clothes.
She wanted a larger size, so she _______.
Don’t forget to _______ before making a purchase.
Stores often have _______ during the holiday season.
Making a _______ helps me remember everything I need.
We _______ to find fresh fruits and vegetables.
That item is on a _______ this week.
