Английский для продолжающих. Практика и расширение словарного запаса для уверенной речи

Ключи

Fill in the gaps

interrupt

express ideas

clarify

feedback

misunderstand

body language

conversation

Grammar practice

She said that she was tired.

He said that the meeting was important.

She said that she needed help.

They said that they were ready.

The teacher said that communication skills were important.

Translation

It is important to listen carefully to people.

She said that the meeting was important.

Good communication helps avoid conflict.

He tried to explain his idea clearly.

We discussed the problem yesterday.

Friendships and Relationships

Лексика (Key Vocabulary)

friendship – дружба

Their friendship has lasted for many years.

relationship – отношения

Healthy relationships require trust.

to trust someone – доверять кому-то

I trust my best friend completely.

to support – поддерживать

Good friends support each other.

to get along with – ладить с

I get along well with my colleagues.

to have something in common – иметь что-то общее

We became friends because we had many things in common.

to argue – спорить

They sometimes argue, but they always solve their problems.

to make up – помириться

After the argument, they made up quickly.

to stay in touch – поддерживать связь

We stay in touch even though we live in different countries.

to grow apart – отдаляться друг от друга

Some friends grow apart over time.

to rely on someone – полагаться на кого-то

You can rely on your true friends.

to share experiences – делиться опытом

Friends often share experiences and memories.

to spend time together – проводить время вместе

We enjoy spending time together.

to build trust – строить доверие

Honesty helps build trust in relationships.

to apologize – извиняться

He apologized for his mistake.

to forgive – прощать

Learning to forgive is important in relationships.

close friend – близкий друг

She is one of my closest friends.

long-distance friendship – дружба на расстоянии

Technology helps maintain long-distance friendships.

Грамматический фокус

Present Perfect для жизненного опыта

Present Perfect часто используется, когда мы говорим о жизненном опыте без указания точного времени.

I have met many interesting people.

She has known her best friend for ten years.

We have shared many memories together.

They have stayed in touch since university.

I have learned a lot from my friendships.

Текст

What Makes a Strong Friendship

Friendship is one of the most important parts of life. Good friends support each other during both happy and difficult moments. They share experiences, give advice, and help us feel less alone.

One of the most important elements of friendship is trust. When people trust each other, they feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings. Trust takes time to build, but it can be lost very quickly if someone breaks it.

Another important factor is communication. Friends should be able to talk openly about their opinions and problems. Sometimes disagreements happen, but honest conversations help people solve conflicts and understand each other better.

Over time, friendships can change. Some friends stay close for many years, while others slowly grow apart. This is a natural part of life. People change, move to different places, or develop new interests.

However, strong friendships often survive these changes. Many people maintain long-distance friendships thanks to modern technology. Messaging apps and video calls make it easier to stay in touch.

In the end, friendship is not about how often you see someone. It is about trust, respect, and the ability to rely on each other when it really matters.

Упражнения

Fill in the gaps

Используйте слова из списка.

trust, stay in touch, argue, support, grow apart, apologize, get along with

Good friends ______ each other in difficult situations.

It’s important to ______ after moving to another city.

They sometimes ______ but they always solve their problems.

I really ______ my best friend.

He decided to ______ for his mistake.

Some friends ______ as their lives change.

I ______ my classmates very well.

Grammar practice

Поставьте глагол в Present Perfect.

I ______ (know) my best friend for ten years.

We ______ (share) many great memories.

She ______ (meet) many new people at university.

They ______ (stay) in touch since school.

I ______ (learn) a lot from my friendships.

Translation

Переведите на английский.

Мы знакомы уже много лет.

Хорошие друзья поддерживают друг друга.

Иногда люди отдаляются друг от друга.

Он извинился за свою ошибку.

Мы стараемся поддерживать связь.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What qualities make someone a good friend?

Is it easy to maintain long-distance friendships?

Do friendships change over time? Why?

How important is trust in relationships?

Творческое задание

Напишите короткий текст (5—7 предложений) на тему:

My Best Friend

Опишите своего лучшего друга и ваши отношения.

Расскажите, как вы познакомились и что делает вашу дружбу особенной.

Используйте минимум 4 слова из новой лексики.

Ключи

Fill in the gaps

support

stay in touch

argue

trust

apologize

grow apart

get along with

Grammar practice

have known

have shared

has met

have stayed

have learned

Translation

We have known each other for many years.

Good friends support each other.

Sometimes people grow apart.

He apologized for his mistake.

We try to stay in touch.

Family Life

Лексика (Key Vocabulary)

family member – член семьи

Every family member has different responsibilities.

to raise children – воспитывать детей

Raising children is a big responsibility.

generation – поколение

Different generations often have different views.

to take care of – заботиться о

She takes care of her younger brother.

to grow up – вырастать, взрослеть

I grew up in a small town.

household chores – домашние обязанности

Children should help with household chores.

to spend time together – проводить время вместе

We try to spend time together on weekends.

to support each other – поддерживать друг друга

Families should support each other in difficult times.

to get along – ладить

My siblings and I usually get along well.

to argue – спорить

Family members sometimes argue.

to solve problems – решать проблемы

Communication helps families solve problems.

to give advice – давать советы

Parents often give advice to their children.

to respect – уважать

It’s important to respect your parents.

family traditions – семейные традиции

Our family traditions include holiday dinners.

to move out – съезжать от родителей

Many young people move out after university.

to stay close – оставаться близкими

Even after moving away, they stay close.

relative – родственник

I have many relatives in different cities.

extended family – расширенная семья (бабушки, дедушки, тёти и т.д.)

We meet our extended family during holidays.

Грамматический фокус

Used to – привычные действия в прошлом

Конструкция used to используется, когда мы говорим о привычках или ситуациях в прошлом, которые сейчас изменились.

I used to live with my parents.

We used to have dinner together every evening.

She used to visit her grandparents every summer.

My family used to travel a lot when I was a child.

People used to spend more time together before smartphones.

Текст

How Family Life Is Changing

Family life has changed a lot in recent decades. In the past, many families lived together in large households that included grandparents, parents, and children. Today, smaller families are more common.

Modern lifestyles have influenced the way families spend time together. Many parents work full-time, and children have busy schedules with school and activities. As a result, families sometimes have less time to communicate and relax together.

However, family relationships remain very important. Many families try to maintain traditions, such as eating dinner together or celebrating holidays with relatives. These traditions help people feel connected and strengthen family bonds.

Technology has also changed family life. On the one hand, smartphones and social media can distract people and reduce face-to-face communication. On the other hand, technology makes it easier to stay in touch with relatives who live far away.

Another big change is independence. Many young adults move out and start living on their own earlier than previous generations. Even so, family support remains essential during important moments in life.

In the end, every family is different, but respect, communication, and support are important in all families.

Упражнения

Fill in the gaps

Используйте слова из списка.

chores, relatives, take care of, grow up, traditions, get along, support

Children should help with household ______.

My grandparents are my closest ______.

Parents always ______ their children.

I ______ in a small city near the mountains.

Families often have special holiday ______.

My sister and I usually ______ well.

Older siblings sometimes ______ younger ones.

Grammar practice

Используйте used to.

We ______ (live) in the same house as our grandparents.

I ______ (visit) my cousins every summer.

My family ______ (have) dinner together every evening.

She ______ (play) outside with friends after school.

People ______ (spend) more time talking face-to-face.

Translation

Переведите на английский.

Моя семья всегда поддерживает меня.

Мы стараемся проводить больше времени вместе.

Раньше мы часто навещали наших родственников.

Он вырос в большом городе.

Важно уважать членов своей семьи.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What family traditions are important in your family?

Do you think family life is different today than in the past?

Is it better to live with family or independently?

How often do you see your relatives?

Творческое задание

Напишите короткий текст (5—7 предложений) на тему:

My Family

Опишите свою семью и ваши отношения.

Расскажите о семейных традициях или о том, как вы проводите время вместе.

Используйте минимум 4 слова из новой лексики.

Ключи

Fill in the gaps

chores

relatives

support

grew up

traditions

get along

take care of

Grammar practice

used to live

used to visit

used to have

used to play

used to spend

Translation

My family always supports me.

We try to spend more time together.

We used to visit our relatives often.

He grew up in a big city.

It is important to respect your family members.

Personality and Character

Лексика (Key Vocabulary)

personality – личность, характер

Her personality makes her very approachable.

character – характер

Honesty is an important part of his character.

introvert – интроверт

An introvert often prefers quiet environments.

extrovert – экстраверт

Extroverts enjoy social gatherings.

confident – уверенный

She feels confident when giving presentations.

shy – застенчивый

He is shy and doesn’t like speaking in public.

friendly – дружелюбный

Our new neighbor is very friendly.

honest – честный

Honest people are easy to trust.

kind – добрый

A kind gesture can make someone’s day.

generous – щедрый

He is generous with his time and money.

selfish – эгоистичный

Being selfish can damage relationships.

responsible – ответственный

She is responsible and always completes her tasks.

reliable – надёжный

You can rely on him in any situation.

ambitious – амбициозный

Ambitious people often set high goals.

patient – терпеливый

Teachers need to be patient with students.

impulsive – импульсивный

Impulsive decisions can lead to mistakes.

open-minded – открытый к новым идеям

Open-minded people enjoy learning about other cultures.

stubborn – упрямый

He is stubborn and rarely changes his opinion.

Грамматический фокус

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparatives используются для сравнения двух людей или вещей, superlatives – для выделения наибольшей характеристики.

She is more confident than her sister.

He is less shy than before.

This student is the most ambitious in the class.

My friend is friendlier than I expected.

Among my colleagues, she is the kindest.

Текст

Understanding Personality and Character

Personality and character shape the way people behave, make decisions, and interact with others. Everyone has a unique combination of traits that influence their daily life.

Some people are introverts, enjoying quiet and reflection, while others are extroverts, energized by social interactions. Confident people often take leadership roles, whereas shy individuals may prefer to observe before speaking.

Kindness, honesty, and generosity are qualities that strengthen relationships. Reliable and responsible people are trusted by friends and colleagues. On the other hand, selfish or impulsive behavior can create conflicts and misunderstandings.

People also differ in ambition, patience, and openness to new experiences. An open-minded person is willing to try new things and learn from others. A stubborn person may find it hard to compromise, even when it would be helpful.

Understanding personality helps us improve our relationships and work better with others. It also helps us understand ourselves. By recognizing our strengths and weaknesses, we can make better choices and develop our character over time.

Finally, personality is not fixed. People can change and grow. With experience and self-reflection, it is possible to become more confident, patient, and open-minded.

Упражнения

Fill in the gaps

Используйте слова из списка.

confident, introvert, generous, stubborn, reliable, kind, ambitious

She is very ______ and always helps others.

He is a quiet ______ who enjoys reading.

My brother is ______ and rarely changes his mind.

Good friends are ______ and you can always rely on them.

Teachers should be ______ with students.

She is very ______ and wants to achieve a lot.

Public speakers need to feel ______ in front of an audience.

Grammar practice

Используйте comparatives и superlatives.

My sister is ______ (friendly) than my brother.

He is the ______ (honest) person I know.

I feel ______ (confident) today than yesterday.

Among my classmates, she is the ______ (ambitious).

This student is ______ (patient) than the other one.

Translation

Переведите на английский.

Он очень дружелюбный и честный.

Она более уверена, чем раньше.

Мой друг очень щедрый.

Я считаю её самой амбициозной студенткой в группе.

Учитель должен быть терпеливым.

Вопросы для обсуждения

Which personality traits do you value most in friends?

Are introverts or extroverts better leaders? Why?

Can people change their character over time?

How do personality differences affect teamwork?

Творческое задание

Напишите короткий текст (5—7 предложений) на тему:

Describe a Person You Admire

Опишите человека, которого вы уважаете, и его характер.

Используйте минимум 4 слова из новой лексики.

Ключи

Fill in the gaps

kind

introvert

stubborn

reliable

patient

ambitious

confident

Grammar practice

friendlier

honest

more confident

the most ambitious

more patient

Translation

He is very friendly and honest.

She is more confident than before.

My friend is very generous.

I consider her the most ambitious student in the class.

A teacher should be patient.

Emotions and Feelings

Лексика (Key Vocabulary)

emotion – эмоция

Different emotions can affect our decisions.

feeling – чувство

I had a strange feeling yesterday.

happy – счастливый

She felt happy when she received good news.

sad – грустный

He was sad after the movie ended.

angry – злой, сердитый

I get angry when people lie.

frustrated – расстроенный, раздражённый

She felt frustrated because of the traffic jam.

excited – взволнованный, радостно возбужденный

The children were excited about the trip.

nervous – нервный

He was nervous before the presentation.

relieved – испытывающий облегчение

I was relieved when the exam was over.

anxious – тревожный

She felt anxious about the interview.

to express feelings – выражать чувства

It’s important to express your feelings honestly.

to cope with – справляться с

He learned how to cope with stress.

to cheer up – поднять настроение

A friend helped me cheer up after a bad day.

to be in a good mood – быть в хорошем настроении

Music makes me be in a good mood.

to be in a bad mood – быть в плохом настроении

He is in a bad mood because of work.

to feel overwhelmed – быть перегруженным эмоциями

She felt overwhelmed by all the tasks.

to comfort someone – утешать

Parents often comfort their children when they are sad.

to get upset – расстраиваться

He gets upset when he makes mistakes.

Грамматический фокус

Adjectives + prepositions to describe emotions

Многие прилагательные о чувствах требуют определённого предлога.

afraid of – бояться чего-либо

She is afraid of spiders.

interested in – интересоваться чем-либо

He is interested in photography.

good at – хорошо в чём-то

She is good at solving problems.

angry about / with – злой на что-либо / на кого-либо

I’m angry about the situation.

He is angry with his brother.

excited about – взволнован по поводу

They are excited about the trip.

Текст

Understanding and Expressing Emotions

Emotions are a natural part of human life. Everyone experiences a wide range of feelings every day – from happiness and excitement to frustration and anxiety. Learning to recognize and express emotions is important for mental health and relationships.

Happiness is often connected with positive experiences, like spending time with friends, achieving goals, or receiving good news. On the other hand, sadness or anger can appear when something goes wrong or expectations are not met. Feeling frustrated or overwhelmed is also normal, especially when life is busy.

Expressing feelings is healthier than keeping them inside. People can talk to friends, write in a journal, or engage in hobbies to cope with emotions. Comforting someone who is sad or cheering up a friend are ways to strengthen relationships.

Emotions can also affect behavior. For example, nervousness before a presentation may make someone speak too quickly, while excitement can boost energy and confidence. Being aware of your feelings helps you manage reactions and communicate more effectively.

Finally, understanding emotions helps us understand others. Empathy – the ability to feel what another person feels – is essential in friendships, family life, and work. People who can express emotions honestly and listen to others usually have stronger, healthier relationships.

Упражнения

Fill in the gaps

Используйте слова из списка.

happy, anxious, cope with, cheer up, angry, overwhelmed, comfort

She felt ______ because of the traffic jam.

He was ______ before the job interview.

It’s important to learn how to ______ stress.

A friend helped me ______ after a bad day.

I get ______ when people are dishonest.

She felt ______ with too many tasks at work.

Parents often ______ their children when they are sad.

Grammar practice

Используйте прилагательные с правильным предлогом.

She is afraid ______ spiders.

He is interested ______ photography.

She is good ______ solving problems.

I am angry ______ the delay.

They are excited ______ the upcoming trip.

Translation

Переведите на английский.

Я чувствую себя счастливым, когда провожу время с друзьями.

Он расстроен из-за экзамена.

Она умеет справляться со стрессом.

Мы стараемся утешать друзей, когда они грустят.

Я очень нервничаю перед презентацией.

Вопросы для обсуждения

Which emotions do you feel most often during the day?

How do you usually cope with stress or frustration?

Is it easy for you to express your feelings to others?

How can understanding emotions improve relationships?

Творческое задание

Напишите короткий текст (5—7 предложений) на тему:

A Day of Different Emotions

Опишите день, когда вы испытали разные эмоции.

Используйте минимум 4 слова из новой лексики.

Ключи

Fill in the gaps

frustrated

nervous

cope with

cheer up

angry

overwhelmed

comfort

Grammar practice

of

in

at

about

about

Translation

I feel happy when I spend time with friends.

He is upset about the exam.

She knows how to cope with stress.

We try to comfort friends when they are sad.

I am very nervous before a presentation.

Health and Well-being

Лексика (Key Vocabulary)

health – здоровье

Good health is essential for a happy life.

well-being – благополучие, хорошее самочувствие

Meditation helps improve mental well-being.

to exercise – заниматься спортом

I try to exercise three times a week.

balanced diet – сбалансированная диета

A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, and proteins.

to eat healthily – питаться правильно

It’s important to eat healthily every day.

to sleep well – хорошо спать

Children need to sleep well for proper growth.

stress – стресс

Stress can affect both mental and physical health.

to reduce stress – уменьшать стресс