Английские фразовые глаголы на практике

Томас Спикс

Английские фразовые глаголы на практике

Фразовые глаголы – это одна из самых сложных и одновременно самых полезных частей английского языка. Они встречаются в повседневной речи, в деловом общении, в учебе, в СМИ и литературе. Владение фразовыми глаголами позволяет говорить естественно, понимать носителей языка и легко воспринимать английские тексты.

Эта книга создана как практическое пособие для тех, кто хочет систематизировать знания о фразовых глаголах и научиться использовать их в различных ситуациях. Каждая глава посвящена отдельной группе глаголов – по смыслу, по основным глаголам или по особенностям употребления в разговорной и письменной речи.

Структура каждой главы построена так, чтобы изучение было удобным:

Лексика – глаголы с переводом и примерами употребления;

Чтение – текст с использованием всех глаголов главы;

Практика – упражнения на закрепление материала;

Проверь себя – развернутые ответы с пояснениями.

Я рекомендую работать с книгой постепенно, изучая одну главу за раз и возвращаясь к повторению пройденного материала. Фразовые глаголы требуют регулярного повторения и активного использования, поэтому упражнения и тексты здесь составлены так, чтобы стимулировать естественное применение знаний.

Цель книги – не просто познакомить с глаголами, но и научить использовать их уверенно в разных контекстах: задавать вопросы, выражать эмоции, обсуждать работу, учебу, путешествия и повседневные ситуации.

Желаю успехов!

Основные фразовые глаголы повседневного общения

Лексика

wake up – просыпаться

I usually wake up at 7 a.m.

get up – вставать с постели

She gets up early on weekdays.

go out – выходить (развлекаться, гулять)

We often go out on Friday nights.

come back – возвращаться

He came back home late.

sit down – садиться

Please sit down and relax.

stand up – вставать (на ноги)

Everyone stood up when the teacher entered.

turn on – включать

Can you turn on the lights?

turn off – выключать

Don’t forget to turn off the TV.

put on – надевать

She put on her jacket and left.

take off – снимать (одежду)

He took off his shoes at the door.

Чтение

It was a typical weekday morning for Anna. She woke up at 7 a.m. when her alarm clock started ringing loudly. At first, she didn’t want to get up, and she stayed in bed for a few extra minutes. However, she knew she had a busy day ahead, so she finally got up and went to the kitchen.

Anna turned on the coffee machine and opened the window to let in some fresh air. While waiting for her coffee, she put on a warm sweater because it was a bit cold in the apartment. Then she sat down at the table and started her breakfast. She checked her phone, read a few messages, and replied to her friends.

After breakfast, she took off her slippers and put on her shoes. Before leaving the apartment, she carefully checked everything and turned off the lights. Then she grabbed her bag and went out.

Outside, the weather was pleasant. On her way to work, she met her neighbor Tom. They hadn’t seen each other for a while because Tom had come back from a long business trip only a few days before. They talked for a few minutes and then continued on their way.

When Anna arrived at the office, she greeted her colleagues and sat down at her desk. Soon her manager entered the room, and everyone stood up to say hello. After that, they all returned to work.

At lunchtime, Anna and her colleagues decided to go out and eat together. They chose a small café nearby. They enjoyed their meal and had a friendly conversation.

In the afternoon, Anna continued working. She turned on her computer again after a short break and finished several important tasks. By the end of the day, she felt tired but satisfied.

After work, she didn’t go home immediately. Instead, she met her friends, and they decided to go out for a walk. They spent a great time together.

Later in the evening, Anna came back home. She took off her jacket, turned on the TV, and sat down on the sofa to relax. Before going to bed, she turned off the lights and soon fell asleep.

Практика

Вставьте подходящий фразовый глагол:

I usually ________ at 6:30 on weekdays.

She didn’t want to ________, so she stayed in bed.

Please ________ your coat, it’s cold outside.

Don’t forget to ________ the lights before you leave.

We like to ________ on weekends.

He ________ home very late last night.

Can you ________ the TV? I want to watch the news.

She ________ her shoes when she entered the house.

Everyone ________ when the boss walked in.

Please ________ and make yourself comfortable.

I usually ________ early in the morning.

They often ________ for dinner on Fridays.

He ________ his jacket and sat down.

Don’t ________ the computer, I’m still using it.

She ________ from her trip yesterday.

We ________ at the same time every day.

He ________ his hat before entering the room.

Please ________ the light, it’s too dark here.

I like to ________ with my friends after work.

She ________ and greeted everyone.

Проверь себя

wake up – I usually wake up at 6:30 on weekdays. (регулярное действие, настоящее время)

get up – She didn’t want to get up, so she stayed in bed. (после want to используется инфинитив)

put on – Please put on your coat, it’s cold outside. (повелительное наклонение)

turn off – Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave. (forget to do + инфинитив)

go out – We like to go out on weekends. (like to do – общее предпочтение)

came back – He came back home very late last night. (прошедшее время, есть указание на прошлое)

turn on – Can you turn on the TV? (вежливая просьба)

took off – She took off her shoes when she entered the house. (прошедшее действие)

stood up – Everyone stood up when the boss walked in. (последовательность действий в прошлом)

sit down – Please sit down and make yourself comfortable. (вежливая инструкция)

wake up – I usually wake up early in the morning. (повторяющееся действие)

go out – They often go out for dinner on Fridays. (наречие частоты often)

took off – He took off his jacket and sat down. (два последовательных действия в прошлом)

turn off – Don’t turn off the computer, I’m still using it. (отрицательное повелительное наклонение)

came back – She came back from her trip yesterday. (указание на конкретное время в прошлом)

get up – We get up at the same time every day. (регулярность)

took off – He took off his hat before entering the room. (правило вежливости + прошедшее время)

turn on – Please turn on the light, it’s too dark here. (просьба)

go out – I like to go out with my friends after work. (предпочтение)

stood up – She stood up and greeted everyone. (действие в прошлом)

Фразовые глаголы с get

Лексика

get up – вставать

I usually get up at 7 a.m.

get back – возвращаться

When did you get back home?

get on – садиться (в транспорт); ладить

We got on the bus quickly. / She gets on well with her colleagues.

get off – выходить (из транспорта)

We got off at the next stop.

get in – входить; приезжать

What time did you get in last night?

get out – выходить

Get out of the car!

get over – оправиться (после болезни, трудностей)

It took him weeks to get over the flu.

get through – дозвониться; справиться, пережить

I couldn’t get through to her. / He got through a difficult exam.

get along – ладить

Do you get along with your neighbors?

get by – справляться (с трудностями, нехваткой)

It’s hard to get by on such a small salary.

Чтение

Tom had a very busy day yesterday, and everything seemed to depend on timing. He got up earlier than usual because he had an important meeting in the morning. After a quick breakfast, he left his apartment and hurried to the bus stop.

When the bus arrived, Tom got on and found a seat near the window. The bus was crowded, so he had to wait a bit before he could sit comfortably. A few stops later, he got off and walked quickly to his office.

He got in just a few minutes before the meeting started. His colleagues were already there, and fortunately, he got along well with all of them. This made the meeting more relaxed and productive.

During the meeting, Tom had to present a new project. At first, he felt nervous, but he managed to get through his presentation without any problems. His boss seemed satisfied, which made Tom feel more confident.

Later that day, Tom tried to call a client, but he couldn’t get through at first. He tried several times before finally reaching her. They discussed important details and agreed on the next steps.

After work, Tom felt very tired. He had recently been sick, and he was still trying to get over it. Instead of going out with friends, he decided to go straight home.

When he got back, he made a simple dinner and sat down to relax. He didn’t have much energy, but he still managed to get by and finish a few small tasks at home.

Before going to bed, Tom thought about his day. Even though it had been stressful, he was glad that he got through all the difficulties and handled everything successfully.

Практика

Вставьте подходящий фразовый глагол:

I usually ________ at 7 a.m.

What time did you ________ home yesterday?

We ________ the bus and sat down.

Don’t forget to ________ at the next stop.

He ________ very late last night.

Please ________ of the car.

It took her a long time to ________ the illness.

I couldn’t ________ to him on the phone.

Do you ________ with your coworkers?

It’s hard to ________ on such a low income.

She ________ early and went for a run.

When did you ________ from your trip?

They ________ the train in the city center.

He finally ________ the exam.

We ________ very well with our new neighbors.

She couldn’t ________ to the office because of traffic.

Please ________ of the room immediately.

He is trying to ________ a difficult situation.

I ________ home late after work.

They ________ the bus at the wrong stop.

Проверь себя

get up – I usually get up at 7 a.m. (регулярное действие в настоящем времени)

get back – What time did you get back home yesterday? (после did используется начальная форма глагола)

got on – We got on the bus and sat down. (последовательные действия в прошедшем времени)

get off – Don’t forget to get off at the next stop. (инфинитив после forget)

got in – He got in very late last night. (прибытие, прошедшее время)

get out – Please get out of the car. (повелительное наклонение)

get over – It took her a long time to get over the illness. (восстановление после болезни)

get through – I couldn’t get through to him on the phone. (значение «дозвониться»)

get along – Do you get along with your coworkers? (вопрос в настоящем времени)

get by – It’s hard to get by on such a low income. (значение «справляться с трудностями»)

got up – She got up early and went for a run. (прошедшее время)

get back – When did you get back from your trip? (вопрос с did)

got off – They got off the train in the city center. (выход из транспорта)

got through – He finally got through the exam. (значение «справился, прошёл»)

get along – We get along very well with our new neighbors. (устойчивое выражение get along well)

get in – She couldn’t get in to the office because of traffic. (добраться/попасть)

get out – Please get out of the room immediately. (приказ/инструкция)

get through – He is trying to get through a difficult situation. (пережить, справиться)

got back – I got back home late after work. (возвращение в прошлом)

got off – They got off the bus at the wrong stop. (ошибка в действии в прошлом)

Фразовые глаголы с go

Лексика

go out – выходить (развлекаться, встречаться с людьми)

We often go out on weekends.

go back – возвращаться

I need to go back home to pick up my bag.

go in – входить

Please go in and have a seat.

go off – срабатывать (о сигнализации, будильнике), взрываться

The alarm went off at 6 a.m.

go on – продолжать, происходить

The meeting went on for two hours.

go up – повышаться, расти

The prices of groceries went up last month.

go down – понижаться, снижаться

The temperature went down at night.

go through – переживать, проходить через

She went through a difficult period last year.

go over – повторять, проверять

Let’s go over the plan one more time.

go away – уезжать, уходить

I usually go away for a few days during the holidays.

Чтение

Yesterday was a busy day for Sarah. She decided to go out in the morning to buy some groceries. On her way back, she realized she had forgotten her wallet, so she had to go back home to get it.

After returning, she put her groceries away and then decided to go in to the small café nearby to meet her friend. They chatted for a while, and then Sarah’s phone alarm suddenly went off, reminding her of a meeting she had later that morning.

At the office, the manager asked everyone to go over the project plan before the presentation. The team worked together and went through all the details carefully.

The meeting went on longer than expected, and by the end, Sarah noticed that the office temperature went down because the air conditioning was on. Meanwhile, the costs for the project had unexpectedly gone up, which worried some team members.

After finishing work, Sarah decided to go away for a short weekend trip to relax and recharge. She packed her bag and left for the train station, feeling happy that she had managed everything successfully during the day.

Практика

Вставьте подходящий фразовый глагол:

We often ________ on Fridays after work.

I need to ________ home to pick up my keys.

Please ________ and take a seat.

The alarm ________ at 7 a.m.

The lecture ________ for more than an hour.

Prices ________ every year.

The temperature ________ at night.

She ________ a hard time after the accident.

Let’s ________ the plan before the meeting.

I usually ________ for the weekend to relax.

He decided to ________ for a walk in the park.

We had to ________ to the office because we forgot some documents.

Don’t forget to ________ when you arrive.

The fireworks ________ suddenly in the evening.

The concert ________ for three hours without breaks.

Rent prices ________ in the city center.

Night temperatures usually ________ in autumn.

Many people ________ a lot of stress at work.

Can you ________ the schedule one more time?

She plans to ________ during the holidays to visit her parents.

Проверь себя

go out – We often go out on Fridays after work. (регулярное действие)

go back – I need to go back home to pick up my keys. (возврат)

go in – Please go in and take a seat. (вход)

go off – The alarm went off at 7 a.m. (сработало в прошлом)

go on – The lecture went on for more than an hour. (продолжалось)

go up – Prices go up every year. (регулярное повышение)

go down – The temperature went down at night. (снижение в прошлом)

go through – She went through a hard time after the accident. (переживание, прошлое)

go over – Let’s go over the plan before the meeting. (повторить, проверить)

go away – I usually go away for the weekend to relax. (уехать)

go out – He decided to go out for a walk in the park. (выйти на улицу)

go back – We had to go back to the office because we forgot some documents. (возврат)

go in – Don’t forget to go in when you arrive. (вход)

go off – The fireworks went off suddenly in the evening. (сработали, взорвались)

go on – The concert went on for three hours without breaks. (продолжалось)

go up – Rent prices went up in the city center. (повысились)

go down – Night temperatures usually go down in autumn. (понижаются)

go through – Many people go through a lot of stress at work. (переживают)

go over – Can you go over the schedule one more time? (повторить, проверить)

go away – She plans to go away during the holidays to visit her parents. (поехать)

Фразовые глаголы с come

Лексика

come back – возвращаться

She came back home late yesterday.

come in – входить

Please come in and make yourself comfortable.

come out – выходить, появляться

The new book will come out next month.

come up – возникать, появляться (о проблемах, идеях)

A new problem came up during the meeting.

come over – заходить, приходить в гости

Why don’t you come over for coffee?

come along – идти вместе, сопровождать; прогрессировать

I’m going to the park. Do you want to come along? / The project is coming along nicely.

come across – случайно натолкнуться, встретить

I came across an old photo while cleaning the attic.

come down – падать, снижаться

The prices of electronics have come down recently.

come up with – придумать, предложить

She came up with a brilliant idea for the project.

come forward – выходить на передний план, откликаться (о помощи, информации)

Several witnesses came forward to help the police.

Чтение

Last weekend, Emma had a very interesting day. In the morning, she came back home after a short trip to the countryside. As soon as she arrived, her friend Lucy called and asked if she could come over for coffee. Emma agreed immediately.

When Lucy came in, they sat down and started chatting. While talking, Emma came across an old photo album and showed it to her friend. They laughed at the memories and remembered old times.

Later, a small problem came up with Emma’s computer. She tried to fix it herself, but it was too complicated. Luckily, her brother promised to help, and the project started coming along as he worked on it.

In the afternoon, Emma thought about her school project. She needed a creative solution, so she came up with an interesting idea. While discussing it, more people came forward to share their thoughts.

Finally, the evening came, and Emma noticed that some of the summer rain had come down during the day. She smiled, feeling satisfied that everything had worked out well. The new book she had ordered also came out, and she couldn’t wait to read it.

Практика

Вставьте подходящий фразовый глагол:

She ________ home late yesterday.

Please ________ and have a seat.

The new album will ________ next week.

A small problem ________ during the meeting.

Why don’t you ________ for a cup of tea?

I’m going to the cinema. Do you want to ________?

I ________ an interesting article while browsing online.

The prices have ________ recently.

She ________ a great idea for the project.

Several witnesses ________ to help the police.

He ________ home after a long business trip.

They ________ when I knocked on the door.

The latest smartphone will ________ tomorrow.

Something unexpected ________ during the presentation.

Would you like to ________ on our way to the park?

I ________ some old letters in the drawer.

The temperature ________ a few degrees last night.

She ________ with a new solution to the problem.

Many people ________ to volunteer after the announcement.

The magazine finally ________ yesterday.

Проверь себя

came back – She came back home late yesterday. (возврат в прошлом)

come in – Please come in and have a seat. (вход)

come out – The new album will come out next week. (выход, появление)

come up – A small problem came up during the meeting. (возникновение)

come over – Why don’t you come over for a cup of tea? (прийти в гости)

come along – I’m going to the cinema. Do you want to come along? (пойти вместе)

come across – I came across an interesting article while browsing online. (случайно наткнуться)

come down – The prices have come down recently. (снижение)

come up with – She came up with a great idea for the project. (придумать, предложить)

come forward – Several witnesses came forward to help the police. (откликнуться, выйти на помощь)

came back – He came back home after a long business trip. (возврат)

came in – They came in when I knocked on the door. (вход)

come out – The latest smartphone will come out tomorrow. (выход)

came up – Something unexpected came up during the presentation. (возникновение)

come along – Would you like to come along on our way to the park? (пойти вместе)

came across – I came across some old letters in the drawer. (случайная находка)

come down – The temperature came down a few degrees last night. (снижение)

came up with – She came up with a new solution to the problem. (придумать)

came forward – Many people came forward to volunteer after the announcement. (откликнулись)

came out – The magazine finally came out yesterday. (появилось/вышло)

Фразовые глаголы с take

Лексика

take off – снимать (одежду); взлетать (о самолёте)

She took off her coat. / The plane took off on time.

take on – брать на себя (обязанности, работу)

He decided to take on extra tasks at work.

take up – начать заниматься (хобби, спорт)

She took up yoga last year.

take over – взять контроль, управление

The new manager will take over the project.

take back – возвращать; признавать ошибку

I need to take back these books to the library. / He took back what he said.

take out – вынимать; приглашать куда-то

She took out the trash. / He took her out for dinner.

take in – принимать, усваивать; приютить

The lecture was difficult to take in. / They took in a stray cat.

take apart – разбирать на части

He took apart the old radio to fix it.

take down – записывать; снимать (с крюка, стены)

Please take down my phone number. / They took down the old poster.

take away – уносить; забирать; вычитать

The waiter took away the empty plates. / 10 take away 3 equals 7.

Чтение

Yesterday, Jack had a very productive day. In the morning, he took off his jacket and got ready for work. At the office, he decided to take on a few additional tasks to help his team.

During lunch, Jack talked with his friend Mia, who had recently taken up painting. She was excited to show her new skills. Later, the company announced that a new manager would take over the marketing department, and Jack was curious to meet him.

In the afternoon, Jack realized he had borrowed some books from the library and needed to take back a few of them. On his way home, he stopped at a restaurant, where he took out his wallet and paid for dinner.

At home, Jack attended an online lecture that was hard to take in, but he managed to concentrate. Later, he decided to take apart an old radio that had stopped working to try and repair it. He also took down some notes from the lecture to review later.

Finally, after a long day, Jack relaxed while the waiter took away the empty plates from his dinner table. It was a very busy but satisfying day.

Практика

Вставьте подходящий фразовый глагол:

She ________ her coat when she entered the room.

He decided to ________ extra work at the office.

I recently ________ swimming.

The new director will ________ the company next month.

I need to ________ these books to the library.

He ________ the trash before going to bed.

The lecture was difficult to ________.

He ________ an old radio to fix it.

Please ________ my phone number.

The waiter ________ the empty plates from the table.