Английские предлоги и фразовые конструкции. Простые объяснения, современные примеры, практические задания

Check Your Understanding

What does Liam notice above the park entrance?

Where is the café in relation to the playground?

Where does Liam sit in the park?

How do the positions of objects affect Liam’s experience of the park?

Describe a place you know where objects are above, below, near, or next to each other.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

The lamp hangs ___ the table.

a) above

b) below

c) near

d) next to

The cat sleeps ___ the chair.

a) above

b) below

c) near

d) next to

The school is located ___ the library.

a) near

b) above

c) below

d) next to

The park bench is ___ the flowerbed.

a) near

b) next to

c) above

d) below

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with above, below, near, or next to:

The painting hangs ___ the fireplace.

The basement is located ___ the ground floor.

I live ___ the train station.

She sat ___ her brother during the concert.

The bridge is ___ the river.

A café is located ___ the school entrance.

The shadows stretch ___ the tree branches.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b

Exercise 2:

1-above

2-below

3-near

4-next to

5-above

6-near

7-below

Check Your Understanding — Example Answers:

Liam notices a large clock tower above the park entrance.

The café is near the playground.

He sits on a bench next to a flowerbed.

The positions of objects, like benches, trees, and paths, create a peaceful and interesting atmosphere for Liam.

Пример личного ответа: «In my backyard, the tree is above the swing, the garden is below the balcony, and the shed is next to the garage.»

Into, Onto, Out of — Movement In and Out

Word Power

Into

Значение: движение внутрь чего-то.

Примеры:

She walked into the room quietly. — Она тихо вошла в комнату.

The cat jumped into the box. — Кот прыгнул в коробку.

Onto

Значение: движение на поверхность чего-то.

Примеры:

He climbed onto the roof to fix the antenna. — Он забрался на крышу, чтобы починить антенну.

Place the vase carefully onto the table. — Аккуратно поставьте вазу на стол.

Out of

Значение: движение изнутри наружу, происхождение движения.

Примеры:

She ran out of the house to catch the bus. — Она выбежала из дома, чтобы успеть на автобус.

The dog jumped out of the garden. — Собака выбежала из сада.

Reading Text

Mark loves exploring his house and garden. One morning, he decides to play a game of hide-and-seek. He runs into his bedroom and hides behind the curtains. Later, he jumps onto the bed to get a better view of the room. His little sister watches him, laughing.

After a while, Mark rushes out of the bedroom and into the kitchen, where their mother is preparing breakfast. He climbs onto a chair to reach a cookie jar and grabs one. Then, he carefully climbs down and runs out of the kitchen into the garden. In the garden, he sees a cat jumping into a treehouse, and a bird flying onto the roof of the shed.

Mark notices how movement into, onto, and out of places makes his day exciting. He tells his sister, «Watch me jump onto the swing!» and runs into the yard again. The simple actions of moving into, onto, and out of spaces make games and daily routines more fun. He enjoys exploring and discovering new things in familiar places.

Check Your Understanding

Where does Mark hide at the beginning?

What does Mark do to reach the cookie jar?

Where does Mark go after leaving the kitchen?

How do actions using into, onto, and out of make Mark’s day interesting?

Describe a moment when you moved into, onto, or out of a place in an exciting or funny way.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

She ran ___ the room.

a) onto

b) into

c) out of

d) above

Place the book carefully ___ the table.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) next to

The cat jumped ___ the garden.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) under

He climbed ___ the roof to fix the antenna.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) below

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with into, onto, or out of:

She walked ___ the classroom quietly.

The dog jumped ___ the fence.

Place the vase ___ the shelf carefully.

He ran ___ the garden to catch his ball.

The child climbed ___ the table to reach the cookies.

A bird flew ___ the tree and landed ___ the roof.

The cat slipped ___ the box quickly.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b

Exercise 2:

1-into

2-out of

3-onto

4-out of

5-onto

6-out of, onto

7-out of

Check Your Understanding — Example Answers:

Mark hides into his bedroom behind the curtains.

He climbs onto a chair to reach the cookie jar.

He runs out of the kitchen into the garden.

Actions with into, onto, and out of make Mark’s day fun and adventurous by adding movement and surprises.

Пример личного ответа: «I climbed onto a bench to see the parade, then ran into the park and jumped out of a tunnel with my friends.»

Across, Along, Through — Movement Across and Through

Word Power

Across

Значение: движение с одной стороны на другую.

Примеры:

She walked across the street carefully. — Она осторожно перешла через улицу.

The bridge goes across the river. — Мост проходит через реку.

Along

Значение: движение вдоль линии или поверхности.

Примеры:

They walked along the beach in the evening. — Они гуляли вдоль пляжа вечером.

The trees grow along the road. — Деревья растут вдоль дороги.

Through

Значение: движение сквозь, через пространство.

Примеры:

The train passed through the tunnel. — Поезд прошёл через туннель.

He looked through the window to see the garden. — Он посмотрел через окно, чтобы увидеть сад.

Reading Text

Sophie loves exploring her town on foot. One sunny morning, she decides to go to the park. She walks across the busy street carefully, holding her bag tightly. The river sparkles as she crosses the bridge across the water.

Once she reaches the park, she strolls along the main path, observing the flowers and benches. Children are playing near the fountain, and dogs run happily along the grassy areas. Sophie enjoys the peaceful atmosphere and feels relaxed as she moves slowly along the tree-lined path.

Later, she finds a short tunnel under a small hill and walks through it to reach the playground on the other side. She notices the sunlight streaming through the trees, creating beautiful patterns on the ground. Birds fly through the branches, and the sound of leaves rustling makes the environment lively.

Sophie realizes that moving across, along, and through spaces makes everyday walks interesting. She enjoys how her route changes depending on whether she goes across a street, along a path, or through a tunnel. Observing the surroundings while moving in different ways helps her feel connected to her town and notice little details she might otherwise miss.

Check Your Understanding

What does Sophie do across the busy street?

Where does Sophie walk along in the park?

How does Sophie use a tunnel during her walk?

How do movements across, along, and through make Sophie’s walk more enjoyable?

Describe a place you know where you can move across, along, or through something.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

She walked ___ the bridge over the river.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) next to

They strolled ___ the path in the park.

a) across

b) along

c) through

d) over

The train passed ___ the tunnel.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) next to

Birds flew ___ the branches of the trees.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) under

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with across, along, or through:

She ran ___ the street to catch the bus.

They walked ___ the beach enjoying the sunset.

The car drove ___ the tunnel safely.

He walked ___ the corridor to reach the classroom.

Ducks swam ___ the pond.

Children ran happily ___ the playground.

Sunlight came ___ the windows into the room.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-c

Exercise 2:

1-across

2-along

3-through

4-along

5-across

6-along

7-through

Check Your Understanding — Example Answers:

Sophie walks carefully across the busy street.

She walks along the main path in the park.

She walks through a tunnel to reach the playground.

Movements across, along, and through make the walk more interesting and help Sophie notice her surroundings.

Пример личного ответа: «In my neighborhood, I walk along the river, run across the park, and go through a small tunnel under the road.»

Past, Around, Toward (s) — Trajectories and Directions

Word Power

Past

Значение: мимо, мимо чего-то во время движения.

Примеры:

She walked past the shop on her way home. — Она прошла мимо магазина по пути домой.

The car drove quickly past the school. — Машина проехала быстро мимо школы.

Around

Значение: вокруг, по кругу, обходя.

Примеры:

They ran around the park for exercise. — Они бегали вокруг парка для тренировки.

The children walked around the playground. — Дети ходили вокруг площадки.

Toward (s)

Значение: движение к чему-то, направление.

Примеры:

She walked toward the library. — Она шла к библиотеке.

He moved slowly towards the door. — Он медленно двигался к двери.

Reading Text

Emma enjoys jogging every morning. Today, she decides to take a new route. She starts by running past the bakery, smelling fresh bread as she moves. She waves at the shopkeeper and continues her run.

Next, she jogs around the small park near her house. The path winds around flowerbeds, benches, and a playground where children are playing. Emma likes running in circles around the park because it gives her energy and helps her focus.

Finally, she heads toward the river, enjoying the view of the water and ducks swimming nearby. She notices other joggers moving toward the bridge and smiles. The route allows her to move smoothly past, around, and toward interesting sights in her neighborhood.

Emma reflects on how changing her direction and moving along different trajectories makes her jogging more fun. Running past shops, around the park, and toward the river helps her notice small details and appreciate her surroundings. She decides to follow this route more often and maybe explore new paths toward other areas of the town.

Check Your Understanding

What does Emma run past at the beginning of her route?

Where does Emma jog around?

Toward what place does Emma head after the park?

How do moving past, around, and toward make Emma’s jog more enjoyable?

Describe a route you know where you move past, around, or toward different landmarks.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

She ran ___ the bakery quickly.

a) around

b) past

c) toward

d) into

They walked ___ the park for exercise.

a) past

b) toward

c) around

d) into

He moved slowly ___ the door.

a) past

b) toward

c) around

d) under

The car drove ___ the school on its way home.

a) past

b) around

c) toward

d) onto

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with past, around, or toward (s):

She walked ___ the park and enjoyed the flowers.

The dog ran ___ the playground chasing a ball.

He walked slowly ___ the station to catch his train.

The bike rode ___ the tree carefully.

People passed ___ the museum on their way to work.

Emma ran ___ the fountain before heading home.

The children moved ___ the teacher during the game.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Exercise 2:

1-around

2-around

3-toward

4-around

5-past

6-around

7-toward

Check Your Understanding — Example Answers:

Emma runs past the bakery at the beginning.

She jogs around the small park near her house.

Emma heads toward the river after the park.

Moving past, around, and toward makes her jogging more fun, engaging, and helps her notice surroundings.

Пример личного ответа: «I walk past the café, around the fountain, and toward the library every morning.»

Up, Down, Off — Vertical Movement

Word Power

Up

Значение: движение вверх, повышение позиции.

Примеры:

She climbed up the ladder carefully. — Она осторожно поднялась по лестнице.

The balloon went up into the sky. — Шар поднялся в небо.

Down

Значение: движение вниз, снижение позиции.

Примеры:

He ran down the stairs quickly. — Он быстро спустился по лестнице.

The apple fell down from the tree. — Яблоко упало с дерева.

Off

Значение: движение с поверхности, отделение от чего-то.

Примеры:

She jumped off the wall into the water. — Она спрыгнула со стены в воду.

He took the book off the shelf. — Он снял книгу с полки.

Reading Text

Oliver loves climbing and exploring. One morning, he decides to practice vertical movement in his backyard. He climbs up the tree carefully, enjoying the view from above. From the top, he sees the roof of the house and the garden below.

After observing the surroundings, he climbs down slowly, making sure his feet are steady. A cat watches him from the ground as he reaches the grass. Oliver then jumps off a small wall into the soft sand, feeling the thrill of moving off a surface safely.

Later, he practices taking objects off shelves and placing them up on higher surfaces. He also moves boxes down from the attic carefully, using a ladder. He enjoys how moving up, down, and off changes his perspective and makes ordinary tasks exciting.

Oliver realizes that vertical movement is everywhere: climbing up a tree, walking down stairs, jumping off a wall, or lifting objects up and down. Each action requires balance and attention, but also gives a sense of accomplishment and fun. By practicing these movements, Oliver feels more confident and aware of his surroundings.

Check Your Understanding

Where does Oliver climb up first?

How does he get down safely from the tree?

Give an example of when Oliver moves off something.

How do vertical movements (up, down, off) make Oliver’s activities more interesting?

Describe a moment when you moved up, down, or off something.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

She climbed ___ the ladder to reach the roof.

a) down

b) up

c) off

d) onto

He ran ___ the stairs quickly to answer the phone.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) along

The cat jumped ___ the wall.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) onto

He took the book ___ the shelf carefully.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) along

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with up, down, or off:

She climbed ___ the hill to see the view.

He ran ___ the stairs to catch the ball.

The box fell ___ the table by accident.

Place the vase ___ the shelf carefully.

The balloon floated ___ into the sky.

He carried the suitcase ___ from the attic.

She jumped ___ the wall into the garden.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-c

Exercise 2:

1-up

2-down

3-off

4-off

5-up

6-down

7-off

Check Your Understanding — Example Answers:

Oliver climbs up the tree first.

He climbs down slowly, making sure his feet are steady.

He jumps off a small wall into the sand.

Vertical movements make his activities exciting, give different perspectives, and add fun to everyday tasks.

Пример личного ответа: «I climbed up the ladder to fix a light, ran down the stairs quickly, and jumped off the curb to avoid a puddle.»

Alongside, Beneath, Beyond — Refined Spatial Prepositions

Word Power

Alongside