Английские предлоги и фразовые конструкции. Простые объяснения, современные примеры, практические задания

b) into

c) out of

d) above

Place the book carefully ___ the table.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) next to

The cat jumped ___ the garden.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) under

He climbed ___ the roof to fix the antenna.

a) into

b) onto

c) out of

d) below

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with into, onto, or out of:

She walked ___ the classroom quietly.

The dog jumped ___ the fence.

Place the vase ___ the shelf carefully.

He ran ___ the garden to catch his ball.

The child climbed ___ the table to reach the cookies.

A bird flew ___ the tree and landed ___ the roof.

The cat slipped ___ the box quickly.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b

Exercise 2:

1-into

2-out of

3-onto

4-out of

5-onto

6-out of, onto

7-out of

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Mark hides into his bedroom behind the curtains.

He climbs onto a chair to reach the cookie jar.

He runs out of the kitchen into the garden.

Actions with into, onto, and out of make Mark’s day fun and adventurous by adding movement and surprises.

Пример личного ответа: «I climbed onto a bench to see the parade, then ran into the park and jumped out of a tunnel with my friends.»

Across, Along, Through – Movement Across and Through

Word Power

Across

Значение: движение с одной стороны на другую.

Примеры:

She walked across the street carefully. – Она осторожно перешла через улицу.

The bridge goes across the river. – Мост проходит через реку.

Along

Значение: движение вдоль линии или поверхности.

Примеры:

They walked along the beach in the evening. – Они гуляли вдоль пляжа вечером.

The trees grow along the road. – Деревья растут вдоль дороги.

Through

Значение: движение сквозь, через пространство.

Примеры:

The train passed through the tunnel. – Поезд прошёл через туннель.

He looked through the window to see the garden. – Он посмотрел через окно, чтобы увидеть сад.

Reading Text

Sophie loves exploring her town on foot. One sunny morning, she decides to go to the park. She walks across the busy street carefully, holding her bag tightly. The river sparkles as she crosses the bridge across the water.

Once she reaches the park, she strolls along the main path, observing the flowers and benches. Children are playing near the fountain, and dogs run happily along the grassy areas. Sophie enjoys the peaceful atmosphere and feels relaxed as she moves slowly along the tree-lined path.

Later, she finds a short tunnel under a small hill and walks through it to reach the playground on the other side. She notices the sunlight streaming through the trees, creating beautiful patterns on the ground. Birds fly through the branches, and the sound of leaves rustling makes the environment lively.

Sophie realizes that moving across, along, and through spaces makes everyday walks interesting. She enjoys how her route changes depending on whether she goes across a street, along a path, or through a tunnel. Observing the surroundings while moving in different ways helps her feel connected to her town and notice little details she might otherwise miss.

Check Your Understanding

What does Sophie do across the busy street?

Where does Sophie walk along in the park?

How does Sophie use a tunnel during her walk?

How do movements across, along, and through make Sophie’s walk more enjoyable?

Describe a place you know where you can move across, along, or through something.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

She walked ___ the bridge over the river.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) next to

They strolled ___ the path in the park.

a) across

b) along

c) through

d) over

The train passed ___ the tunnel.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) next to

Birds flew ___ the branches of the trees.

a) along

b) across

c) through

d) under

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with across, along, or through:

She ran ___ the street to catch the bus.

They walked ___ the beach enjoying the sunset.

The car drove ___ the tunnel safely.

He walked ___ the corridor to reach the classroom.

Ducks swam ___ the pond.

Children ran happily ___ the playground.

Sunlight came ___ the windows into the room.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-c

Exercise 2:

1-across

2-along

3-through

4-along

5-across

6-along

7-through

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Sophie walks carefully across the busy street.

She walks along the main path in the park.

She walks through a tunnel to reach the playground.

Movements across, along, and through make the walk more interesting and help Sophie notice her surroundings.

Пример личного ответа: «In my neighborhood, I walk along the river, run across the park, and go through a small tunnel under the road.»

Past, Around, Toward (s) – Trajectories and Directions

Word Power

Past

Значение: мимо, мимо чего-то во время движения.

Примеры:

She walked past the shop on her way home. – Она прошла мимо магазина по пути домой.

The car drove quickly past the school. – Машина проехала быстро мимо школы.

Around

Значение: вокруг, по кругу, обходя.

Примеры:

They ran around the park for exercise. – Они бегали вокруг парка для тренировки.

The children walked around the playground. – Дети ходили вокруг площадки.

Toward(s)

Значение: движение к чему-то, направление.

Примеры:

She walked toward the library. – Она шла к библиотеке.

He moved slowly towards the door. – Он медленно двигался к двери.

Reading Text

Emma enjoys jogging every morning. Today, she decides to take a new route. She starts by running past the bakery, smelling fresh bread as she moves. She waves at the shopkeeper and continues her run.

Next, she jogs around the small park near her house. The path winds around flowerbeds, benches, and a playground where children are playing. Emma likes running in circles around the park because it gives her energy and helps her focus.

Finally, she heads toward the river, enjoying the view of the water and ducks swimming nearby. She notices other joggers moving toward the bridge and smiles. The route allows her to move smoothly past, around, and toward interesting sights in her neighborhood.

Emma reflects on how changing her direction and moving along different trajectories makes her jogging more fun. Running past shops, around the park, and toward the river helps her notice small details and appreciate her surroundings. She decides to follow this route more often and maybe explore new paths toward other areas of the town.

Check Your Understanding

What does Emma run past at the beginning of her route?

Where does Emma jog around?

Toward what place does Emma head after the park?

How do moving past, around, and toward make Emma’s jog more enjoyable?

Describe a route you know where you move past, around, or toward different landmarks.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

She ran ___ the bakery quickly.

a) around

b) past

c) toward

d) into

They walked ___ the park for exercise.

a) past

b) toward

c) around

d) into

He moved slowly ___ the door.

a) past

b) toward

c) around

d) under

The car drove ___ the school on its way home.

a) past

b) around

c) toward

d) onto

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with past, around, or toward(s):

She walked ___ the park and enjoyed the flowers.

The dog ran ___ the playground chasing a ball.

He walked slowly ___ the station to catch his train.

The bike rode ___ the tree carefully.

People passed ___ the museum on their way to work.

Emma ran ___ the fountain before heading home.

The children moved ___ the teacher during the game.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Exercise 2:

1-around

2-around

3-toward

4-around

5-past

6-around

7-toward

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Emma runs past the bakery at the beginning.

She jogs around the small park near her house.

Emma heads toward the river after the park.

Moving past, around, and toward makes her jogging more fun, engaging, and helps her notice surroundings.

Пример личного ответа: «I walk past the café, around the fountain, and toward the library every morning.»

Up, Down, Off – Vertical Movement

Word Power

Up

Значение: движение вверх, повышение позиции.

Примеры:

She climbed up the ladder carefully. – Она осторожно поднялась по лестнице.

The balloon went up into the sky. – Шар поднялся в небо.

Down

Значение: движение вниз, снижение позиции.

Примеры:

He ran down the stairs quickly. – Он быстро спустился по лестнице.

The apple fell down from the tree. – Яблоко упало с дерева.

Off

Значение: движение с поверхности, отделение от чего-то.

Примеры:

She jumped off the wall into the water. – Она спрыгнула со стены в воду.

He took the book off the shelf. – Он снял книгу с полки.

Reading Text

Oliver loves climbing and exploring. One morning, he decides to practice vertical movement in his backyard. He climbs up the tree carefully, enjoying the view from above. From the top, he sees the roof of the house and the garden below.

After observing the surroundings, he climbs down slowly, making sure his feet are steady. A cat watches him from the ground as he reaches the grass. Oliver then jumps off a small wall into the soft sand, feeling the thrill of moving off a surface safely.

Later, he practices taking objects off shelves and placing them up on higher surfaces. He also moves boxes down from the attic carefully, using a ladder. He enjoys how moving up, down, and off changes his perspective and makes ordinary tasks exciting.

Oliver realizes that vertical movement is everywhere: climbing up a tree, walking down stairs, jumping off a wall, or lifting objects up and down. Each action requires balance and attention, but also gives a sense of accomplishment and fun. By practicing these movements, Oliver feels more confident and aware of his surroundings.

Check Your Understanding

Where does Oliver climb up first?

How does he get down safely from the tree?

Give an example of when Oliver moves off something.

How do vertical movements (up, down, off) make Oliver’s activities more interesting?

Describe a moment when you moved up, down, or off something.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

She climbed ___ the ladder to reach the roof.

a) down

b) up

c) off

d) onto

He ran ___ the stairs quickly to answer the phone.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) along

The cat jumped ___ the wall.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) onto

He took the book ___ the shelf carefully.

a) up

b) down

c) off

d) along

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with up, down, or off:

She climbed ___ the hill to see the view.

He ran ___ the stairs to catch the ball.

The box fell ___ the table by accident.

Place the vase ___ the shelf carefully.

The balloon floated ___ into the sky.

He carried the suitcase ___ from the attic.

She jumped ___ the wall into the garden.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-c

Exercise 2:

1-up

2-down

3-off

4-off

5-up

6-down

7-off

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Oliver climbs up the tree first.

He climbs down slowly, making sure his feet are steady.

He jumps off a small wall into the sand.

Vertical movements make his activities exciting, give different perspectives, and add fun to everyday tasks.

Пример личного ответа: «I climbed up the ladder to fix a light, ran down the stairs quickly, and jumped off the curb to avoid a puddle.»

Alongside, Beneath, Beyond – Refined Spatial Prepositions

Word Power

Alongside

Значение: рядом с чем-то, бок о бок.

Примеры:

The boat sailed alongside the dock. – Лодка плыла рядом с причалом.

She walked alongside her friend on the path. – Она шла бок о бок с подругой по тропинке.

Beneath

Значение: под чем-то, ниже, формальный вариант under.

Примеры:

The treasure was hidden beneath the old tree. – Сокровище было спрятано под старым деревом.

He found his shoes beneath the bed. – Он нашёл свои туфли под кроватью.

Beyond

Значение: за пределами, дальше чего-то; часто указывает на горизонт или границу.

Примеры:

The mountains are visible beyond the river. – Горы видны за рекой.

Her skills are beyond my understanding. – Её навыки выходят за пределы моего понимания.

Reading Text

Lucas enjoys exploring the countryside near his town. One morning, he takes a small boat to travel alongside the riverbank. The water glistens, and ducks swim quietly alongside the boat. He notices a large oak tree with roots stretching beneath the waterline, creating a natural shelter for fish.

Walking further, Lucas observes hills and fields beyond the river. The scenery stretches endlessly, and he feels calm and inspired. A small bridge is hidden beneath the trees, and a narrow path runs alongside a meadow full of wildflowers. Lucas takes his time to notice every detail, appreciating the arrangement of objects alongside, beneath, and beyond each other.

Later, he sits on a rock beneath a large tree, looking beyond the hills into the distance. Birds fly alongside the path as he sketches the landscape. Lucas reflects on how paying attention to refined spatial relationships – what is alongside, beneath, or beyond – helps him understand and enjoy the environment better. Small details, like a branch beneath his feet or a hill beyond the river, make his journey more vivid.

Check Your Understanding

Where does Lucas travel alongside at the beginning?

What is hidden beneath the waterline?

What does Lucas see beyond the river?

How do alongside, beneath, and beyond help Lucas enjoy his surroundings?

Describe a place you know where objects are alongside, beneath, or beyond each other.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

The boat sailed ___ the dock.

a) beneath

b) alongside

c) beyond

d) under

The treasure was hidden ___ the tree.

a) alongside

b) beneath

c) beyond

d) onto

Mountains are visible ___ the river.

a) beneath

b) alongside

c) beyond

d) onto

She walked ___ her friend in the park.

a) alongside

b) beneath

c) beyond

d) onto

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with alongside, beneath, or beyond:

The path runs ___ the river for several miles.

He found a cave ___ the rocks.

The hills stretch ___ the village.

Ducks swim ___ the boat quietly.

She hid her notes ___ the desk.

A bridge is hidden ___ the trees.

The sun sets ___ the mountains in the distance.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a

Exercise 2:

1-alongside

2-beneath

3-beyond

4-alongside

5-beneath

6-beneath

7-beyond

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Lucas travels alongside the riverbank at the beginning.

Roots of a large oak tree are hidden beneath the waterline.

Lucas sees hills and fields beyond the river.

Paying attention to alongside, beneath, and beyond helps Lucas notice details and enjoy the landscape more vividly.

Пример личного ответа: «In the park, a bench is alongside the path, a pond is beneath the bridge, and mountains are visible beyond the trees.»

At, On, In – Time Expressions

Word Power

At

Значение: точное время, момент.

Примеры:

The meeting starts at 9 a.m. – Встреча начинается в 9 утра.

She always has coffee at breakfast. – Она всегда пьёт кофе на завтраке.

On

Значение: дни недели, даты.

Примеры:

I have a dentist appointment on Monday. – У меня приём у стоматолога в понедельник.

Her birthday is on July 15th. – Её день рождения 15 июля.

In

Значение: месяцы, годы, сезоны, более длинные периоды.

Примеры:

He was born in 2005. – Он родился в 2005 году.

We usually go skiing in winter. – Мы обычно катаемся на лыжах зимой.

Reading Text

Anna likes planning her schedule carefully. She always knows what she needs to do at certain times of the day. For example, she drinks tea at 7 a.m. every morning and takes a short walk at lunch.

On Mondays, she goes to yoga class on Monday evening. She also has a friend’s birthday celebration on March 12th, and she writes reminders for important events on her calendar. Anna likes using specific dates because it helps her organize her week clearly.

She also plans trips in advance. She knows she will visit her grandparents in July and take a vacation in the summer. Last year, she traveled abroad in 2025, and she keeps thinking about how wonderful that trip was. Using at, on, and in correctly helps Anna manage her time effectively. She notices that small mistakes, like saying in Monday instead of on Monday, can cause confusion. By paying attention to prepositions of time, she feels confident and organized every day.

Check Your Understanding

When does Anna drink tea every morning?

On what date is her friend’s birthday celebration?

When does Anna usually take vacations?

How do prepositions at, on, in help Anna organize her schedule?

Describe an event in your life using at, on, or in correctly.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

The train leaves ___ 6 p.m.

a) at

b) on

c) in

d) by

My birthday is ___ October 3rd.

a) at

b) on

c) in

d) by

We usually go skiing ___ winter.

a) at

b) on

c) in

d) by

The meeting is ___ Monday morning.

a) at

b) on

c) in

d) by

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with at, on, or in:

The class starts ___ 10 a.m.

My holiday begins ___ August.

Her birthday is ___ Friday.

He was born ___ 1998.

We usually eat lunch ___ noon.

The festival is held ___ December every year.

I will meet my friend ___ Monday evening.

Answer Key

Exercise 1: 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b

Exercise 2:

1-at

2-in

3-on

4-in

5-at

6-in

7-on

Check Your Understanding – Example Answers:

Anna drinks tea at 7 a.m. every morning.

Her friend’s birthday celebration is on March 12th.

She usually takes vacations in July or in the summer.

Using at, on, and in helps Anna plan events at the correct times and dates, avoiding confusion.

Пример личного ответа: «I usually have breakfast at 8 a.m., my birthday is on June 20th, and I go skiing in winter.»

Since, For – Duration of Time

Word Power

Since

Значение: с определённого момента в прошлом до настоящего.

Примеры:

She has lived in London since 2010. – Она живёт в Лондоне с 2010 года.

I have known him since we were children. – Я знаю его с детства.

For

Значение: в течение определённого периода времени.

Примеры:

He has been studying English for five years. – Он изучает английский в течение пяти лет.

They stayed at the hotel for three nights. – Они останавливались в отеле три ночи.

Reading Text

Mia has a busy life, but she keeps track of how long she has been doing certain activities. She has studied piano since she was six years old, practicing every day. Her teacher says she has improved a lot since the first lesson.

She also keeps a diary about her hobbies. She has played tennis for three years and swims regularly for two hours every weekend. Mia notices that using since and for helps her understand how long she has been committed to her activities.

Last year, she moved to a new city. She has lived there since March and enjoys the parks and cafés nearby. She remembers her first day clearly and thinks about how much has changed since then. Mia also volunteers at a local library, helping children read books for an hour every Tuesday.

Using since and for correctly allows Mia to explain her experiences clearly and track progress. She feels proud when she can say how long she has been doing something and sees how time passes. These small details make her daily life more organized and meaningful.

Check Your Understanding

How long has she played tennis?

When did she move to the new city?

How do since and for help Mia understand her activities?

Describe an activity you have been doing since or for a long time.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

I have known her ___ 2015.

a) for

b) since

c) at

d) on

He has been learning Spanish ___ two years.

a) since

b) for

c) in

d) at

We have lived here ___ January.

a) for

b) since

c) on

d) at

She has been reading books ___ three hours every afternoon.

a) since

b) for

c) at

d) on

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Gaps

Fill in the blanks with since or for:

I have been working here ___ 2018.