Лексика для ОГЭ по английскому языку. Слова и выражения, которые понадобятся для экзамена и повседневного общения

Check Your Understanding

What words can you use to describe physical appearance?

What is the difference between shy and quiet?

Why is personality important when meeting new people?

How can a funny sense of humor help in relationships?

How would you describe yourself to a new friend?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

Tall refers to:

a) height of a person

b) height of a building

c) weight of a person

d) mood

Slim means:

a) overweight

b) thin in a healthy way

c) shy

d) fun

Shy means:

a) quiet and reserved

b) humorous

c) energetic

d) tall

Funny means:

a) enjoyable

b) amusing, makes you laugh

c) kind

d) boring

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

tall

thin

shy

fun

funny

Russian meanings:

A. высокий (о человеке)

B. худой

C. застенчивый

D. весёлый

E. смешной

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Words for appearance: tall, short, thin, slim, hair/eye color.

Shy means afraid or nervous to speak; quiet means not talking much.

Personality helps people understand you and feel comfortable with you.

A funny sense of humor makes people laugh and improves relationships.

Sample answer: I am slim and tall. I am friendly and fun.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

a) height of a person

b) thin in a healthy way

a) quiet and reserved

b) amusing, makes you laugh

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Home and Rooms

Word Power

house / home — дом / дом как место для жизни

We bought a new house in the city.

Мы купили новый дом в городе.

I feel happy when I am at home.

Я чувствую себя счастливым, когда я дома.

living room / lounge — гостиная / комната для отдыха

The living room is spacious and bright.

Гостиная просторная и светлая.

In England, people often call it a lounge.

В Англии её часто называют «lounge».

furniture / furnishing — мебель / обстановка

We bought new furniture for the kitchen.

Мы купили новую мебель для кухни.

The room looks nice because of the new furnishings.

Комната выглядит красиво благодаря новой обстановке.

bed / mattress — кровать / матрас

I have a big comfortable bed in my room.

У меня в комнате большая удобная кровать.

The mattress is soft and perfect for sleeping.

Матрас мягкий и идеально подходит для сна.

Reading Text

A home is not only a house but also a place where people feel safe and comfortable. Each room has a different function. The living room or lounge is usually for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family. Bedrooms are for sleeping and personal activities.

Furniture in a home can include sofas, chairs, tables, and shelves. Furnishings like curtains, carpets, and decorations make rooms more comfortable and stylish. A good bed and a soft mattress are important for a healthy sleep.

People often like to decorate their rooms with personal items. The arrangement of furniture and furnishings affects how cozy and welcoming a home feels. A well-organized home helps teenagers feel relaxed, happy, and ready for the day. Whether it is a small apartment or a big house, the right combination of rooms, furniture, and decoration makes it a comfortable place to live.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between house and home?

What is the function of a living room?

How do furniture and furnishings affect a room?

Why is a good bed and mattress important?

How would you arrange your room to make it comfortable?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

A house is:

a) a place to sleep

b) a building where people live

c) a piece of furniture

d) a garden

A home is:

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) a type of bed

c) a kitchen

d) a school

Furniture includes:

a) curtains and decorations

b) chairs and tables

c) carpets

d) lights

A mattress is:

a) part of a bed

b) a type of sofa

c) a wall decoration

d) a table

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

house

home

furniture

furnishings

mattress

Russian meanings:

A. дом (здание)

B. дом (место, где живёшь)

C. мебель

D. обстановка, предметы интерьера

E. матрас

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A house is a building; a home is a place where you live and feel comfortable.

A living room is for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family.

Furniture and furnishings make rooms comfortable, organized, and stylish.

A good bed and mattress are important for healthy sleep.

Sample answer: I would put my desk near the window, a bed in the corner, and add some decorations to make it cozy.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) a building where people live

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) chairs and tables

a) part of a bed

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Neighbourhood and City

Word Power

street / road — улица / дорога

There are many trees along our street.

На нашей улице много деревьев.

We drove along the road to the countryside.

Мы ехали по дороге за город.

town / city — маленький город / большой город

My grandmother lives in a small town.

Моя бабушка живёт в маленьком городе.

London is a very big city.

Лондон — очень большой город.

near / close to — рядом / близко к

My school is near the park.

Моя школа рядом с парком.

The supermarket is close to my house.

Супермаркет находится близко к моему дому.

shop / store — магазин (брит.) / магазин (амер.)

I often buy bread at the local shop.

Я часто покупаю хлеб в местном магазине.

There is a big store in the city centre.

В центре города есть большой магазин.

Reading Text

Living in a town or city is very different. Some people prefer quiet roads outside the city, while others enjoy busy streets with many shops and cafes.

In a town, life is slower and more peaceful. People often know their neighbours and local shopkeepers. A city has more opportunities for work, school, and entertainment, but it can be crowded and noisy.

It is important to know what is near or close to your home. Parks, shops, and schools that are nearby make life easier. Many people go shopping at a shop or a store. A shop is usually small and local, while a store can be large with many departments.

A well-organized neighbourhood affects how people feel. Quiet streets, friendly neighbours, and shops close to home make life more enjoyable and safe, whether you live in a town or a city.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a street and a road?

How are life in a town and a city different?

Why is it useful to know what is near or close to your home?

How does a shop differ from a store?

Describe your ideal neighbourhood.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

There are many trees and houses along our ______.

a) road

b) street

c) city

I live in a small ______ with friendly people.

a) shop

b) city

c) town

The supermarket is ______ my house, so I can walk there.

a) far from

b) near

c) road

A ______ usually has many floors and departments.

a) store

b) shop

c) street

People prefer living on a quiet ______ outside the city.

a) street

b) road

c) town

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: street / road / town / city / shop

The main ______ in our neighbourhood is very busy.

We drove along the country ______ to visit grandparents.

I live in a small ______ with only one school.

Moscow is a huge ______ with millions of people.

I bought a sandwich at the local ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A street is in a town or city and usually has houses and shops; a road can be in the city or countryside and is mainly for travelling.

Towns are smaller, quieter, and friendlier; cities are larger, busier, and have more opportunities.

Knowing what is near or close to your home makes life easier, for example, reaching shops or schools quickly.

A shop is small and local; a store is larger and has more departments.

Sample answer: I would like a quiet neighbourhood with parks, shops, and schools nearby, where I can walk to everything.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) street

c) town

b) near

a) store

b) road

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

1 → street

2 → road

3 → town

4 → city

5 → shop

Travel and Transport

Word Power

get on / get off — садиться / выходить (из транспорта)

We got on the bus at the station.

Мы сели в автобус на станции.

She got off the train at the next stop.

Она вышла из поезда на следующей остановке.

ticket / fare — билет / плата за проезд

I bought a ticket for the train online.

Я купил билет на поезд онлайн.

The bus fare is 50 rubles.

Плата за проезд в автобусе — 50 рублей.

trip / journey — поездка / путешествие (обычно длинное)

We had a short weekend trip to the mountains.

У нас была короткая поездка в горы на выходные.

The journey to London took four hours.

Путешествие в Лондон заняло четыре часа.

bus / coach — автобус / междугородний автобус

The bus takes me to school every day.

Автобус отвозит меня в школу каждый день.

We travelled to Paris by coach last summer.

Прошлым летом мы поехали в Париж междугородним автобусом.

Reading Text

Travelling is exciting, but it is important to know how to use transport properly. Before a journey, you should buy a ticket and check the fare. If you are taking the bus or train, you get on at the station and get off at your stop.

Short trips are great for weekends, but long journeys require planning. Some people prefer to travel by bus in the city, while others use a coach for longer distances. Trains, planes, and even bicycles are popular too.

During a journey, it is important to follow the rules and stay safe. Travelling can also be fun: you can see new places, meet people, and enjoy the scenery. A well-planned trip affects your mood and comfort, making travel enjoyable. Learning how to get on and get off different types of transport is an important skill for every traveller.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between get on and get off?

How do you buy a ticket and check the fare?

What is the difference between a trip and a journey?

When would you use a bus or a coach?

Describe your favourite way to travel and why.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

We ______ the train at the next station.

a) get on

b) get off

c) buy

I need a ______ for the bus.

a) fare

b) ticket

c) journey

A short weekend ______ is fun with friends.

a) journey

b) trip

c) bus

We travelled by ______ to another city.

a) coach

b) street

c) shop

The bus ______ to school every day.

a) journeys

b) gets on

c) takes me

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: get on / get off / ticket / fare / journey / trip / bus / coach

We ______ the train at 9 a.m. and ______ at 11 a.m.

The ______ for the subway is 40 rubles.

Last summer we had a weekend ______ to the lake.

I take the ______ to school every day.

For travelling between cities, we prefer a ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Get on means to enter transport; get off means to leave it.

You buy a ticket and check the fare to know how much to pay.

A trip is usually short; a journey can be long and planned.

A bus is for city travel; a coach is for long-distance travel.

Sample answer: I like travelling by train because it is comfortable and I can enjoy the view.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) get off

b) ticket

b) trip

a) coach

c) takes me

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context