Лексика для ОГЭ по английскому языку. Слова и выражения, которые понадобятся для экзамена и повседневного общения

a) curtains and decorations

b) chairs and tables

c) carpets

d) lights

A mattress is:

a) part of a bed

b) a type of sofa

c) a wall decoration

d) a table

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

house

home

furniture

furnishings

mattress

Russian meanings:

A. дом (здание)

B. дом (место, где живёшь)

C. мебель

D. обстановка, предметы интерьера

E. матрас

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A house is a building; a home is a place where you live and feel comfortable.

A living room is for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family.

Furniture and furnishings make rooms comfortable, organized, and stylish.

A good bed and mattress are important for healthy sleep.

Sample answer: I would put my desk near the window, a bed in the corner, and add some decorations to make it cozy.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) a building where people live

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) chairs and tables

a) part of a bed

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Neighbourhood and City

Word Power

street / road – улица / дорога

There are many trees along our street.

На нашей улице много деревьев.

We drove along the road to the countryside.

Мы ехали по дороге за город.

town / city – маленький город / большой город

My grandmother lives in a small town.

Моя бабушка живёт в маленьком городе.

London is a very big city.

Лондон – очень большой город.

near / close to – рядом / близко к

My school is near the park.

Моя школа рядом с парком.

The supermarket is close to my house.

Супермаркет находится близко к моему дому.

shop / store – магазин (брит.) / магазин (амер.)

I often buy bread at the local shop.

Я часто покупаю хлеб в местном магазине.

There is a big store in the city centre.

В центре города есть большой магазин.

Reading Text

Living in a town or city is very different. Some people prefer quiet roads outside the city, while others enjoy busy streets with many shops and cafes.

In a town, life is slower and more peaceful. People often know their neighbours and local shopkeepers. A city has more opportunities for work, school, and entertainment, but it can be crowded and noisy.

It is important to know what is near or close to your home. Parks, shops, and schools that are nearby make life easier. Many people go shopping at a shop or a store. A shop is usually small and local, while a store can be large with many departments.

A well-organized neighbourhood affects how people feel. Quiet streets, friendly neighbours, and shops close to home make life more enjoyable and safe, whether you live in a town or a city.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a street and a road?

How are life in a town and a city different?

Why is it useful to know what is near or close to your home?

How does a shop differ from a store?

Describe your ideal neighbourhood.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

There are many trees and houses along our ______.

a) road

b) street

c) city

I live in a small ______ with friendly people.

a) shop

b) city

c) town

The supermarket is ______ my house, so I can walk there.

a) far from

b) near

c) road

A ______ usually has many floors and departments.

a) store

b) shop

c) street

People prefer living on a quiet ______ outside the city.

a) street

b) road

c) town

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: street / road / town / city / shop

The main ______ in our neighbourhood is very busy.

We drove along the country ______ to visit grandparents.

I live in a small ______ with only one school.

Moscow is a huge ______ with millions of people.

I bought a sandwich at the local ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A street is in a town or city and usually has houses and shops; a road can be in the city or countryside and is mainly for travelling.

Towns are smaller, quieter, and friendlier; cities are larger, busier, and have more opportunities.

Knowing what is near or close to your home makes life easier, for example, reaching shops or schools quickly.

A shop is small and local; a store is larger and has more departments.

Sample answer: I would like a quiet neighbourhood with parks, shops, and schools nearby, where I can walk to everything.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) street

c) town

b) near

a) store

b) road

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

1 → street

2 → road

3 → town

4 → city

5 → shop

Travel and Transport

Word Power

get on / get off – садиться / выходить (из транспорта)

We got on the bus at the station.

Мы сели в автобус на станции.

She got off the train at the next stop.

Она вышла из поезда на следующей остановке.

ticket / fare – билет / плата за проезд

I bought a ticket for the train online.

Я купил билет на поезд онлайн.

The bus fare is 50 rubles.

Плата за проезд в автобусе – 50 рублей.

trip / journey – поездка / путешествие (обычно длинное)

We had a short weekend trip to the mountains.

У нас была короткая поездка в горы на выходные.

The journey to London took four hours.

Путешествие в Лондон заняло четыре часа.

bus / coach – автобус / междугородний автобус

The bus takes me to school every day.

Автобус отвозит меня в школу каждый день.

We travelled to Paris by coach last summer.

Прошлым летом мы поехали в Париж междугородним автобусом.

Reading Text

Travelling is exciting, but it is important to know how to use transport properly. Before a journey, you should buy a ticket and check the fare. If you are taking the bus or train, you get on at the station and get off at your stop.

Short trips are great for weekends, but long journeys require planning. Some people prefer to travel by bus in the city, while others use a coach for longer distances. Trains, planes, and even bicycles are popular too.

During a journey, it is important to follow the rules and stay safe. Travelling can also be fun: you can see new places, meet people, and enjoy the scenery. A well-planned trip affects your mood and comfort, making travel enjoyable. Learning how to get on and get off different types of transport is an important skill for every traveller.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between get on and get off?

How do you buy a ticket and check the fare?

What is the difference between a trip and a journey?

When would you use a bus or a coach?

Describe your favourite way to travel and why.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

We ______ the train at the next station.

a) get on

b) get off

c) buy

I need a ______ for the bus.

a) fare

b) ticket

c) journey

A short weekend ______ is fun with friends.

a) journey

b) trip

c) bus

We travelled by ______ to another city.

a) coach

b) street

c) shop

The bus ______ to school every day.

a) journeys

b) gets on

c) takes me

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: get on / get off / ticket / fare / journey / trip / bus / coach

We ______ the train at 9 a.m. and ______ at 11 a.m.

The ______ for the subway is 40 rubles.

Last summer we had a weekend ______ to the lake.

I take the ______ to school every day.

For travelling between cities, we prefer a ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Get on means to enter transport; get off means to leave it.

You buy a ticket and check the fare to know how much to pay.

A trip is usually short; a journey can be long and planned.

A bus is for city travel; a coach is for long-distance travel.

Sample answer: I like travelling by train because it is comfortable and I can enjoy the view.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) get off

b) ticket

b) trip

a) coach

c) takes me

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

get on / get off

fare

trip

bus

coach

Shopping and Money

Word Power

buy / sell – покупать / продавать

I want to buy a new phone.

Я хочу купить новый телефон.

She sells old books online.

Она продаёт старые книги в интернете.

price / cost – цена / стоимость

The price of this dress is 50 dollars.

Цена этого платья – 50 долларов.

The total cost of the trip was 2000 rubles.

Общая стоимость поездки составила 2000 рублей.

shop / market – магазин / рынок

I usually go to the local shop for bread.

Я обычно хожу в местный магазин за хлебом.

Fruits and vegetables are fresh at the market.

Фрукты и овощи свежие на рынке.

change / cash – мелочь / наличные

Do you have change for a 100-ruble bill?

У тебя есть мелочь для 100-рублёвой купюры?

I always pay in cash at small shops.

Я всегда плачу наличными в маленьких магазинах.

Reading Text

Shopping is part of everyday life. People buy and sell items in shops, markets, and online. The price of a product is what the shop asks, while the total cost depends on the number of items or taxes.

You can go to a small shop for daily goods or visit a big market to buy fresh fruits and vegetables. Paying in cash is common in small shops, while bigger stores accept cards. Sometimes, you need change if you pay with a large bill.

Knowing the difference between buying and selling, checking the price and cost, and understanding how to pay with cash or get change is very important. Shopping smartly affects your budget and helps you save money. Learning these words makes it easier to communicate in shops, ask about products, and handle money properly.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between buy and sell?

How do price and cost differ?

When would you go to a shop and when to a market?

Why is it important to know cash and change?

What is your favourite thing to buy and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I want to ______ a new jacket.

a) sell

b) buy

c) cash

The total ______ of the meal was 500 rubles.

a) price

b) cost

c) change

The fruits at the ______ are fresh and cheap.

a) shop

b) market

c) cash

I paid in ______ because the shop does not accept cards.

a) cash

b) change

c) sell

He ______ old toys online to make some money.

a) buys

b) sells

c) costs

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: buy / sell / price / cost / shop / market / cash / change

I want to ______ a new phone this weekend.

She ______ her old clothes on the internet.

The ______ of this bag is 40 dollars.

The total ______ of the groceries was 600 rubles.

I usually go to a small ______ for bread.

Fruits are fresh at the local ______.

I paid in ______ and got some ______ for the large bill.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Buy means to get something by paying money; sell means to give something in exchange for money.

Price is the value of a single item; cost is the total amount you pay.

Go to a shop for small everyday items; go to a market for fresh fruits, vegetables, or variety.

Knowing cash and change helps you pay correctly and avoid mistakes.

Sample answer: I like to buy chocolate because it tastes good.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) buy

b) cost

b) market

a) cash

b) sells

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

buy

sells

price

cost

shop

market

cash / change

Food and Eating Habits

Word Power

eat / have – есть / употреблять (включает приём пищи)

I usually eat breakfast at 7 a.m.

Я обычно завтракаю в 7 утра.

I have lunch at school with my friends.

Я обедаю в школе с друзьями.

taste / flavour – вкус / аромат, оттенок вкуса

This cake tastes sweet and delicious.

Этот торт на вкус сладкий и вкусный.

I like the flavour of vanilla in ice cream.

Мне нравится аромат ванили в мороженом.

meal / dish – приём пищи / блюдо

I usually have three meals a day.

Я обычно делаю три приёма пищи в день.

Spaghetti is my favourite Italian dish.

Спагетти – моё любимое итальянское блюдо.

vegetables / fruit – овощи / фрукты

Eating fresh vegetables is healthy.

Есть свежие овощи полезно для здоровья.

I eat a lot of fruit, especially apples and bananas.

Я ем много фруктов, особенно яблок и бананов.

Reading Text

Healthy eating is important for teenagers. People usually eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Some people have snacks between meals.

Food is not just about nutrition; it is also about taste and flavour. A good dish should be tasty and enjoyable. For example, spaghetti is a popular dish, and fresh fruits and vegetables are eaten every day for health.

Breakfast often includes cereal, bread, eggs, or fruit. Lunch can be a sandwich, soup, or salad. Dinner is usually larger and can include meat, fish, or vegetables. Eating a balanced diet affects your energy, mood, and overall health.

Knowing how to talk about food, meals, dishes, and their taste helps students order food, describe their preferences, and discuss healthy habits with friends or teachers.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between eat and have?

How are taste and flavour different?

Why is it important to eat vegetables and fruit every day?

What is the difference between a meal and a dish?

What is your favourite dish, and why do you like it?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I usually ______ breakfast at 7 a.m.

a) have

b) eat

c) taste

I like the ______ of chocolate ice cream.

a) taste

b) flavour

c) dish

Spaghetti is a popular Italian ______.

a) meal

b) dish

c) fruit

I eat a lot of ______ and salad every day.

a) vegetables

b) dishes

c) taste

Sometimes I ______ a snack between lunch and dinner.

a) have

b) flavour

c) dish

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: eat / have / taste / flavour / meal / dish / vegetables / fruit

I usually ______ breakfast at 7 a.m.

For lunch, I often ______ a sandwich and salad.

I like the ______ of vanilla in ice cream.

Spaghetti is my favourite Italian ______.

Eating fresh ______ is good for your health.

I try to eat a lot of ______ every day.

A good food should ______ delicious.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Eat refers to the act of consuming food; have can refer to a meal or snack.

Taste is how food feels on your tongue; flavour is the overall aroma and character of food.

Eating vegetables and fruit provides vitamins and keeps you healthy.

A meal is a time when you eat; a dish is a specific type of food you eat.

Sample answer: My favourite dish is pizza because it is tasty and cheesy.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) eat

b) flavour

b) dish

a) vegetables

a) have

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

eat

have

flavour

dish

vegetables

fruit

tastes

Chapter 11 – Health and Fitness

Word Power

fit / healthy – в хорошей форме / здоровый

I go jogging every morning to stay fit.

Я бегаю по утрам, чтобы быть в хорошей форме.

Eating fruits and vegetables keeps you healthy.

Употребление фруктов и овощей делает тебя здоровым.

exercise / workout – упражнение / тренировка

Doing a few simple exercises can improve your posture.

Несколько простых упражнений могут улучшить вашу осанку.

I do a workout at the gym every evening.

Я занимаюсь тренировкой в спортзале каждый вечер.

affect / effect – влиять / эффект, результат

Stress can negatively affect your health.

Стресс может негативно влиять на ваше здоровье.

The new diet had a good effect on my energy.

Новая диета положительно сказалась на моей энергии.

diet / nutrition – диета / питание

I follow a balanced diet with vegetables and protein.

Я придерживаюсь сбалансированной диеты с овощами и белком.

Good nutrition is important for growth and energy.

Правильное питание важно для роста и энергии.

Reading Text

Being healthy and fit is important for teenagers. Regular exercise or a workout helps strengthen muscles, improve mood, and boost energy. Eating a balanced diet and having good nutrition are also essential. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein-rich foods help you stay strong and healthy.

Lifestyle choices affect how your body feels. For example, staying up late or eating too much junk food can have a negative effect on your health. On the other hand, daily exercise and good nutrition have a positive effect on your fitness and energy.

Small habits, like walking instead of taking the car or stretching in the morning, can affect your overall well-being. Being fit is not only about appearance – it is about being strong, active, and full of energy. Learning the difference between exercise and a workout, and understanding how nutrition and lifestyle choices affect your health, helps you stay healthy and confident every day.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between fit and healthy?

How do exercise and workout differ?

Give an example of something that can affect your health.

What is the effect of eating a balanced diet?

How do you try to stay healthy in your daily life?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I want to stay ______, so I run every morning.

a) healthy

b) fit

c) diet

Doing a short ______ can improve your posture.

a) workout

b) exercise

c) nutrition

Eating junk food can negatively ______ your energy.

a) affect

b) effect

c) fit

The new healthy routine had a positive ______ on my mood.

a) affect

b) effect

c) exercise

Good ______ includes fruits, vegetables, and protein.

a) diet

b) fit

c) workout

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: fit / healthy / exercise / workout / affect / effect / diet / nutrition

I do a morning ______ to wake up my body.

A balanced ______ helps you grow and have energy.

Regular jogging keeps me ______ and active.

Eating too much junk food can negatively ______ your health.

The new diet had a positive ______ on my mood.

I try to stay ______ by eating fruits and vegetables.

Doing a gym ______ helps me feel stronger.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Fit means physically in good shape; healthy means overall well-being and free from illness.

Exercise is an activity or movement to improve health; a workout is a full session of exercises, often more structured.

Sample answer: Eating too much fast food or staying up late can affect your health.

A balanced diet improves energy, mood, and overall health.

Sample answer: I stay healthy by walking, eating vegetables, and doing some exercise every day.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) fit

b) exercise

a) affect

b) effect

a) diet

Exercise 2 – Fill in the Context

exercise

nutrition

fit

affect

effect

healthy

workout

Illness and Treatment

Word Power

recover / heal – выздоравливать / заживать

After the flu, it took me two weeks to fully recover.

После гриппа мне понадобилось две недели, чтобы полностью выздороветь.

The cut on my hand healed quickly because I cleaned it carefully.