Лексика для ОГЭ по английскому языку. Слова и выражения, которые понадобятся для экзамена и повседневного общения

Лексика для ОГЭ по английскому языку

Слова и выражения, которые понадобятся для экзамена и повседневного общения

Джуди Грэммер

© Джуди Грэммер, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-3620-1

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Дорогие учащиеся!

Этот учебник создан, чтобы помочь вам уверенно развивать английский язык и подготовиться к ОГЭ. Каждая из глав посвящена важной теме повседневной жизни, школы, хобби, эмоций, будущих планов и многого другого.

Каждая глава построена по простой и удобной структуре:

Word Power – новые слова и выражения с пояснением на русском и примерами на английском.

Reading Text – интересный текст для чтения, где повторяются ключевые слова, чтобы вы лучше их запомнили.

Check Your Understanding – вопросы на понимание текста и размышление о себе.

Build Your Vocabulary – упражнения на выбор слов, соответствие значений и заполнение пропусков.

Answer Key – все ответы для самопроверки, чтобы вы могли следить за прогрессом.

Особое внимание уделено сложным парам слов (например, aim / goal, plan / hope, personality / character), которые часто вызывают трудности у школьников. Это поможет вам правильно использовать английскую лексику в речи и письме.

Учебник рассчитан на ежедневную практику. Читайте тексты, учите слова, выполняйте упражнения и обсуждайте темы с друзьями или учителем. Постепенно вы научитесь выражать мысли на английском языке уверенно и правильно, а подготовка к ОГЭ станет увлекательной и эффективной.

Желаю вам успехов в изучении английского и достижения всех ваших целей!

Daily Routine

Word Power

wake up – просыпаться

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. every day.

Я обычно просыпаюсь в 7 утра каждый день.

He didn’t wake up on time yesterday.

Он вчера не проснулся вовремя.

get ready – собираться, готовиться

She gets ready for school in 30 minutes.

Она собирается в школу за 30 минут.

We need to get ready before the guests arrive.

Нам нужно собраться, пока не пришли гости.

fit / healthy – в хорошей форме / здоровый

Regular exercise keeps you fit and healthy.

Регулярные упражнения помогают оставаться в форме и здоровым.

Eating fruits and vegetables is important for staying healthy.

Есть фрукты и овощи важно, чтобы оставаться здоровым.

affect / effect – влиять / эффект, результат

Lack of sleep can negatively affect your mood.

Недостаток сна может негативно влиять на настроение.

A positive daily routine has a good effect on energy levels.

Положительная ежедневная рутина хорошо влияет на уровень энергии.

Reading Text

A daily routine is very important for teenagers who want to stay fit and healthy. Most students wake up early, have breakfast, and get ready for school. Some go jogging, do exercises, or stretch in the morning. These habits keep them fit and also have a positive effect on their mood during the day.

After school, teenagers have homework, hobbies, or other activities. How they manage their time can affect their free time and how relaxed they feel. Spending time with friends and doing hobbies can positively affect emotions and energy. Eating healthy snacks and drinking water also helps students stay healthy even on busy days.

Even small routines, like going to bed at the same time, have a big effect on overall health. Teenagers who ignore routines may feel tired or less motivated. Following a daily routine keeps both the body and mind fit and healthy, and helps balance study, hobbies, and rest.

Check Your Understanding

What do many students do in the morning to stay fit?

How can time management affect free time?

Why does following a daily routine help teenagers feel good?

How do healthy snacks and water influence a teenager’s day?

Do you think having a daily routine is important for students? Why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To wake up means to:

a) go to bed

b) get out of sleep

c) eat breakfast

d) exercise

Something healthy:

a) is bad for you

b) helps your body

c) is boring

d) is expensive

Effect is:

a) a result

b) an action

c) a feeling

d) a habit

To get ready means to:

a) prepare yourself

b) sleep more

c) eat slowly

d) read a book

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E). Write the correct letter next to each number.

English words:

wake up

get ready

fit

effect

healthy

Russian meanings:

A. просыпаться

B. собираться, готовиться

C. в хорошей форме

D. эффект, результат

E. здоровый

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

They wake up early, have breakfast, and exercise or do morning activities.

Poor time management can reduce free time, while good management helps enjoy it.

It keeps their body and mind fit and healthy, balancing study, hobbies, and rest.

Healthy snacks and water help teenagers stay healthy and energetic.

Sample answer: Yes, because a daily routine helps organize time, stay healthy, and feel energetic.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) get out of sleep

b) helps your body

a) a result

a) prepare yourself

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Hobbies and Free Time

Word Power

like / enjoy – любить / получать удовольствие

I really like reading books.

Мне очень нравится читать книги.

She enjoys playing the guitar in the evening.

Ей приятно играть на гитаре вечером.

borrow / lend – брать взаймы / давать взаймы

Can I borrow your pen?

Могу я взять у тебя ручку?

I lent my friend a book yesterday.

Я дал другу книгу вчера.

interested in / interested to – интересоваться / быть готовым сделать

He is interested in photography.

Он интересуется фотографией.

I’m interested to see the new movie.

Мне интересно посмотреть новый фильм.

fun / funny – весело / смешно

Playing football is really fun.

Играть в футбол очень весело.

This joke is so funny!

Эта шутка такая смешная!

Reading Text

Teenagers today have many ways to spend their free time and take up new hobbies. Some like reading books, others enjoy sports, music, or art. Choosing the right hobby can be very fun and help reduce stress. Creative hobbies, like drawing or writing, are also interesting and make life more enjoyable.

Many students borrow materials or books from friends or the library, and sometimes they lend their own things to others. Sharing hobbies or items with friends is a good way to spend time together.

It is important to be interested in what you do. If you are curious about a hobby, you will learn faster and enjoy it more. Watching a funny video or listening to a funny story can make you feel happy and relaxed. Hobbies not only entertain you but also have a positive effect on emotions and energy.

Check Your Understanding

What hobbies do teenagers like or enjoy?

How do teenagers borrow and lend items?

Why is being interested in a hobby important?

What is the difference between fun and funny in hobbies?

Which hobby would you like to try and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To borrow something means to:

a) give it to someone

b) take it for temporary use

c) buy it

d) forget it

Something fun is:

a) enjoyable

b) silly

c) boring

d) difficult

Enjoy means:

a) dislike

b) get pleasure from

c) do quickly

d) forget

Something funny is:

a) entertaining

b) silly or makes you laugh

c) useful

d) serious

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

like

enjoy

borrow

lend

funny

Russian meanings:

A. получать удовольствие

B. смешной

C. любить

D. давать взаймы

E. брать взаймы

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Teenagers like or enjoy reading, sports, music, art, or creative hobbies.

They borrow items from friends or libraries and lend their own things.

Being interested in a hobby helps you learn faster and enjoy it more.

Fun means enjoyable; funny means something makes you laugh.

Sample answer: I would like to try painting because it looks fun and relaxing.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) take it for temporary use

a) enjoyable

b) get pleasure from

b) silly or makes you laugh

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → C

2 → A

3 → E

4 → D

5 → B

School Life

Word Power

learn / study – учить / изучать

I want to learn new words every day.

Я хочу учить новые слова каждый день.

She studies English at school.

Она изучает английский в школе.

teach / show – преподавать / показывать

My teacher teaches math very well.

Мой учитель отлично преподаёт математику.

Can you show me how to solve this problem?

Можешь показать мне, как решить эту задачу?

homework / assignment – домашнее задание / задание (проектное или формальное)

I have a lot of homework tonight.

У меня много домашней работы сегодня вечером.

Our teacher gave us an assignment to prepare a presentation.

Учитель дал нам задание подготовить презентацию.

class / lesson – класс / урок

Our class is very friendly.

Наш класс очень дружный.

Today we have a science lesson.

Сегодня у нас урок по естествознанию.

Reading Text

School life is an important part of every teenager’s daily routine. Students go to lessons to learn new subjects and study important topics. Teachers teach students not only facts but also useful skills for the future. Sometimes, teachers show examples to make lessons clearer.

Each student has homework to complete every day. Some tasks are simple, like writing exercises, while other assignments can be more complex, such as preparing a project or presentation. Completing homework and assignments on time helps students feel prepared for class and improves their understanding.

In addition to lessons, students spend time in their class with friends, talking, studying together, or helping each other. School life can be both challenging and enjoyable. Learning new things and completing assignments gives a sense of achievement, while fun activities in class make school life exciting. The right balance between studying and free time positively affects both mood and academic success.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between learn and study?

How do teachers teach and show students information?

Why are homework and assignments important?

How do students spend time in their class besides lessons?

Which subject do you like most at school and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To study means to:

a) relax

b) learn systematically

c) play games

d) borrow a book

To teach someone means to:

a) show or explain something

b) do homework

c) watch TV

d) be bored

Homework is:

a) class activity

b) task to do at home

c) a break

d) lesson

A lesson is:

a) a classroom

b) a time when you study a subject

c) homework

d) an assignment

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

learn

study

teach

homework

assignment

Russian meanings:

A. изучать

B. учить

C. преподавать

D. домашнее задание

E. задание (проектное, формальное)

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Learn – получать знания; study – систематически изучать предмет.

Teachers teach by explaining, and show by giving examples or demonstrations.

Homework and assignments help students understand lessons and prepare for class.

Students spend time in class talking, studying together, and helping each other.

Sample answer: I like English because I enjoy reading and learning new words.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) learn systematically

a) show or explain something

b) task to do at home

b) a time when you study a subject

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → B

2 → A

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Friends and Family

Word Power

relative / relation – родственник / отношение

My uncle is my closest relative.

Мой дядя – мой ближайший родственник.

Good communication is important in any relation.

Хорошее общение важно в любых отношениях.

neighbor / nearby – сосед / рядом

Our neighbor helped us carry the heavy boxes.

Наш сосед помог нам нести тяжёлые коробки.

There is a shop nearby our house.

Рядом с нашим домом есть магазин.

married / wedding – женатый, замужняя / свадьба

My parents are married for twenty years.

Мои родители женаты уже двадцать лет.

We went to a beautiful wedding last weekend.

В прошлые выходные мы были на красивой свадьбе.

friend / best friend – друг / лучший друг

I met my friend at school.

Я познакомился со своим другом в школе.

Sarah is my best friend; we share everything.

Сара – моя лучшая подруга; мы делимся всем.

Reading Text

Friends and family are very important in a teenager’s life. A friend can help, support, and share hobbies. A best friend is someone you trust the most and spend a lot of time with. Friendships can positively affect your mood and self-confidence.

Family members, especially relatives, provide support and advice. Good relations between family members make home life happier. Living nearby relatives or friends makes it easier to spend time together and share experiences.

Some teenagers have parents who are married, while others may celebrate a wedding of a sibling or relative. Weddings are often fun events where friends and family come together. Strong relationships with friends and family help teenagers feel safe, confident, and happy. Both friends and relatives have a big effect on daily life and emotional well-being.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a friend and a best friend?

How do relatives and relations affect family life?

Why is living nearby relatives or friends useful?

What is the difference between married and wedding?

Who is the most important person in your life, a friend or a family member, and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

A relative is:

a) a friend at school

b) a family member

c) a neighbor

d) a teacher

Nearby means:

a) far away

b) next to or close

c) married

d) fun

A wedding is:

a) a married person

b) a ceremony where people get married

c) a relationship

d) a birthday party

A best friend is:

a) someone you barely know

b) a friend you trust most

c) a teacher

d) a neighbor

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

relative

relation

neighbor

married

wedding

Russian meanings:

A. родственник

B. отношение

C. сосед

D. женатый / замужняя

E. свадьба

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A friend is someone you like and spend time with; a best friend is someone you trust most.

Relatives are family members; good relations make family life happier.

Living nearby makes it easier to spend time together and help each other.

Married describes people who are in a marriage; a wedding is the ceremony of getting married.

Sample answer: My family is the most important because they always support me.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

b) a family member

b) next to or close

b) a ceremony where people get married

b) a friend you trust most

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Describing Yourself

Word Power

tall / high – высокий / высокий (об объектах)

My brother is very tall.

Мой брат очень высокий.

The building is high and modern.

Здание высокое и современное.

thin / slim – худой / стройный

She is thin because she doesn’t eat much.

Она худенькая, потому что мало ест.

He looks slim after exercising regularly.

Он выглядит стройным после регулярных тренировок.

shy / quiet – застенчивый / тихий

I was too shy to speak in front of the class.

Я был слишком застенчив, чтобы говорить перед классом.

My sister is very quiet and doesn’t talk much.

Моя сестра очень тихая и мало говорит.

fun / funny – весёлый / смешной

My friend is fun to be with.

С моим другом весело проводить время.

That joke was really funny!

Эта шутка была действительно смешная!

Reading Text

When describing yourself, you can talk about your appearance and personality. For example, some people are tall or short, thin or slim, and have different hair or eye colors. Physical appearance is only one part of who you are.

Personality is also important. Some teenagers are shy or quiet, while others are cheerful and fun to be with. Being friendly, kind, and honest makes relationships with friends and family easier. A funny sense of humor can make people laugh and feel happy around you.

It’s useful to know how to describe yourself in English. You can say: «I am tall and slim,» or «I am shy but friendly.» Describing yourself clearly helps when meeting new people or introducing yourself in school. Both appearance and personality affect how others see you and how confident you feel.

Check Your Understanding

What words can you use to describe physical appearance?

What is the difference between shy and quiet?

Why is personality important when meeting new people?

How can a funny sense of humor help in relationships?

How would you describe yourself to a new friend?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

Tall refers to:

a) height of a person

b) height of a building

c) weight of a person

d) mood

Slim means:

a) overweight

b) thin in a healthy way

c) shy

d) fun

Shy means:

a) quiet and reserved

b) humorous

c) energetic

d) tall

Funny means:

a) enjoyable

b) amusing, makes you laugh

c) kind

d) boring

Exercise 2 – Matching

Match the English words (1—5) with their Russian meanings (A—E).

English words:

tall

thin

shy

fun

funny

Russian meanings:

A. высокий (о человеке)

B. худой

C. застенчивый

D. весёлый

E. смешной

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Words for appearance: tall, short, thin, slim, hair/eye color.

Shy means afraid or nervous to speak; quiet means not talking much.

Personality helps people understand you and feel comfortable with you.

A funny sense of humor makes people laugh and improves relationships.

Sample answer: I am slim and tall. I am friendly and fun.

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

a) height of a person

b) thin in a healthy way

a) quiet and reserved

b) amusing, makes you laugh

Exercise 2 – Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Home and Rooms

Word Power

house / home – дом / дом как место для жизни

We bought a new house in the city.

Мы купили новый дом в городе.

I feel happy when I am at home.

Я чувствую себя счастливым, когда я дома.

living room / lounge – гостиная / комната для отдыха

The living room is spacious and bright.

Гостиная просторная и светлая.

In England, people often call it a lounge.

В Англии её часто называют «lounge».

furniture / furnishing – мебель / обстановка

We bought new furniture for the kitchen.

Мы купили новую мебель для кухни.

The room looks nice because of the new furnishings.

Комната выглядит красиво благодаря новой обстановке.

bed / mattress – кровать / матрас

I have a big comfortable bed in my room.

У меня в комнате большая удобная кровать.

The mattress is soft and perfect for sleeping.

Матрас мягкий и идеально подходит для сна.

Reading Text

A home is not only a house but also a place where people feel safe and comfortable. Each room has a different function. The living room or lounge is usually for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family. Bedrooms are for sleeping and personal activities.

Furniture in a home can include sofas, chairs, tables, and shelves. Furnishings like curtains, carpets, and decorations make rooms more comfortable and stylish. A good bed and a soft mattress are important for a healthy sleep.

People often like to decorate their rooms with personal items. The arrangement of furniture and furnishings affects how cozy and welcoming a home feels. A well-organized home helps teenagers feel relaxed, happy, and ready for the day. Whether it is a small apartment or a big house, the right combination of rooms, furniture, and decoration makes it a comfortable place to live.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between house and home?

What is the function of a living room?

How do furniture and furnishings affect a room?

Why is a good bed and mattress important?

How would you arrange your room to make it comfortable?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

A house is:

a) a place to sleep

b) a building where people live

c) a piece of furniture

d) a garden

A home is:

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) a type of bed

c) a kitchen

d) a school

Furniture includes: