Полная версия
Слова, которые путают на ОГЭ по английскому. Слова и фразы для чтения, письма и говорения
The students were punished for breaking the school rules. They had to stay after school and write an essay about the importance of discipline. One of the students tried to blame his classmate, but the teacher explained that everyone was responsible for their actions.
The head teacher reminded them that school rules are not the same as laws, but they are still important. Rules help students develop responsibility and respect for others. After the incident, the students promised to behave better in class.
They realised that discipline is not about punishment, but about learning how to act appropriately in different situations.
Useful Words and Expressions
follow rules – соблюдать правила
learning environment – учебная среда
be allowed to – быть разрешённым
at all times – всегда
ignore rules – игнорировать правила
act irresponsibly – вести себя безответственно
warn someone – предупреждать кого-то
be involved – быть вовлечённым
break the rules – нарушать правила
stay after school – остаться после уроков
importance of discipline – важность дисциплины
blame someone – обвинять кого-то
be responsible for – быть ответственным за
remind someone – напоминать кому-то
develop responsibility – развивать ответственность
respect for others – уважение к другим
incident – инцидент
promise to behave – пообещать вести себя
appropriate behaviour – надлежащее поведение
take responsibility for actions – брать ответственность за свои действия
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
It is against the school ______ to run in the corridors.
a) law
b) rules
The teacher does not ______ students to eat in class.
a) allow
b) let
He was ______ for breaking the rule.
a) punished
b) blamed
Students should ______ properly during exams.
a) behave
b) act
The government makes ______, not schools.
a) rules
b) laws
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
rule
law
allow
punish
behave
a) to give a penalty for something wrong
b) to permit officially
c) to act in a particular way
d) a regulation in a school or organisation
e) an official system of regulations in a country
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between a rule and a law?
Why do schools have strict rules?
When should we use «allow» instead of «let»?
What is the difference between punishing and blaming someone?
Why is it important to behave properly at school?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) rules
a) allow
a) punished
a) behave
b) laws
Exercise 2
1 – d
2 – e
3 – b
4 – a
5 – c
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
A rule is a regulation within a school or organisation, while a law is an official regulation established by the government. Laws apply to all citizens.
Schools have strict rules to ensure safety, discipline, and respect among students. Rules create a positive learning environment.
«Allow» is more formal and often used in written rules or official contexts, while «let» is more informal and used in everyday speech.
Punishing means giving a penalty for wrongdoing, while blaming means saying that someone is responsible for a problem. Punishment does not always follow blame.
It is important to behave properly at school because respectful behaviour helps create a productive and safe learning environment.
Vocabulary Tip
Запоминайте пары через контраст:
rule – school
law – country
Также обращайте внимание на грамматические модели:
allow someone to do
let someone do
Teachers and Students: Roles and Responsibilities
Vocabulary Focus
1) teacher vs tutor
Teacher – учитель в школе или преподаватель, который работает с группой учеников.
Tutor – репетитор или преподаватель, который обычно работает индивидуально или с небольшой группой.
Our English teacher gives us homework every week.
Наш учитель английского задаёт нам домашнее задание каждую неделю.
She has a private tutor to prepare for her exams.
У неё есть частный репетитор для подготовки к экзаменам.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: My tutor at school teaches 25 students.
(Если это обычная школа – скорее teacher.)
2) educate vs teach
Teach – преподавать предмет, объяснять материал.
Educate – давать образование в более широком смысле, формировать знания и ценности.
She teaches Maths at secondary school.
Она преподаёт математику в средней школе.
Schools educate young people and prepare them for adult life.
Школы дают образование молодым людям и готовят их к взрослой жизни.
Разница:
Teach – процесс объяснения предмета.
Educate – более широкий и формальный термин.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: She educates us English.
Правильно: She teaches us English.
3) learn vs study
Learn – учить (ся) и усваивать знания, получать результат.
Study – заниматься изучением предмета (процесс).
I am studying Biology this year.
Я изучаю биологию в этом году.
I have learned a lot about environmental problems.
Я многое узнал об экологических проблемах.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I learn at school every day English.
Правильно: I study English at school every day.
4) attend vs visit
Attend – посещать занятия, мероприятия (регулярно или официально).
Visit – посещать место или человека (обычно ненадолго).
She attends school five days a week.
Она посещает школу пять дней в неделю.
We visited our former teacher last year.
Мы навестили нашего бывшего учителя в прошлом году.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I visit school every day.
Правильно: I attend school every day.
Story
Mrs Carter has been a teacher for over twenty years. She teaches English at a secondary school and is respected by both students and colleagues. She believes that a good teacher should not only teach a subject but also educate young people.
In her lessons, she encourages students to ask questions and think independently. She understands that students study in different ways, so she tries to use a variety of methods. Some students prefer to study quietly at home, while others learn better through discussion and group work.
One of her students, Alex, was preparing for an important exam. In addition to attending school regularly, he decided to work with a private tutor. The tutor helped him revise difficult topics and improve his writing skills.
Over time, Alex realised that studying regularly helped him learn more effectively. He attended every lesson, completed all assignments, and actively participated in class activities. As a result, he made significant progress.
Mrs Carter was proud of his achievements. She knew that education is not only about passing exams but also about developing confidence and responsibility.
Useful Words and Expressions
be respected by – пользоваться уважением
colleagues – коллеги
encourage students – поощрять учеников
think independently – мыслить самостоятельно
a variety of methods – разнообразие методов
prefer to do something – предпочитать что-то делать
group work – групповая работа
prepare for an exam – готовиться к экзамену
private tutor – частный репетитор
revise difficult topics – повторять сложные темы
improve writing skills – улучшать навыки письма
study regularly – заниматься регулярно
learn effectively – эффективно усваивать
attend lessons – посещать уроки
complete assignments – выполнять задания
participate in class activities – участвовать в занятиях
make progress – добиваться прогресса
be proud of – гордиться
achievements – достижения
develop confidence – развивать уверенность
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
Our English ______ explains grammar very clearly.
a) tutor
b) teacher
Schools aim to ______ children, not only to teach facts.
a) educate
b) teach
I am ______ for my Maths test tonight.
a) learning
b) studying
She has ______ a lot from her mistakes.
a) studied
b) learned
He ______ school regularly and never misses lessons.
a) visits
b) attends
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
tutor
educate
learn
study
attend
a) to gain knowledge
b) to go to classes regularly
c) to give individual lessons
d) to give education in a broad sense
e) to spend time working on a subject
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between a teacher and a tutor?
Why is education more than just teaching a subject?
How can regular study help students learn more effectively?
Why is it important to attend lessons regularly?
Do you prefer to study independently or with a tutor? Why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) teacher
a) educate
b) studying
b) learned
b) attends
Exercise 2
1 – c
2 – d
3 – a
4 – e
5 – b
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
A teacher usually works with a group of students at school, while a tutor often provides individual instruction. Tutors typically focus on specific needs or exam preparation.
Education includes developing values, critical thinking, and social skills, not only learning academic subjects. It prepares students for adult life.
Regular study helps students organise information and improve long-term memory. As a result, they learn more effectively.
Attending lessons regularly ensures that students do not miss important explanations and assignments. It also helps maintain discipline.
I prefer to study independently because it allows me to manage my own schedule. However, working with a tutor can be helpful when preparing for important exams.
Vocabulary Tip
Обращайте внимание на разницу между процессом и результатом:
study (процесс) → learn (результат).
Также запомните устойчивые сочетания:
attend school, private tutor, teach a subject, educate young people.
Choosing a Career: Making the Right Decision
Vocabulary Focus
1) job vs work vs career
Job – конкретная работа, должность, место работы.
Work – работа как процесс или деятельность (неисчисляемое существительное).
Career – профессиональный путь в долгосрочной перспективе.
She found a part-time job during the summer.
Она нашла подработку на лето.
I have a lot of work to do today.
У меня сегодня много работы.
He wants to build a successful career in law.
Он хочет построить успешную карьеру в юриспруденции.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I have many works.
Правильно: I have a lot of work.
2) profession vs occupation
Profession – профессия, требующая специального образования и квалификации (врач, юрист, учитель).
Occupation – род занятий, официальное обозначение деятельности (более формальное слово, часто в документах).
Teaching is a respected profession.
Преподавание – уважаемая профессия.
Please state your occupation in the form.
Пожалуйста, укажите род занятий в анкете.
Разница:
Profession чаще используется в разговоре о карьере.
Occupation – более формальное и общее слово.
3) apply for
Apply for – подавать заявление на работу, курс или должность.
She decided to apply for a job at a local company.
Она решила подать заявление на работу в местной компании.
He applied for a place at university.
Он подал документы в университет.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: apply on a job
Правильно: apply for a job
4) be suitable for
Be suitable for – подходить для чего-либо (соответствовать требованиям).
This position is suitable for someone with experience.
Эта должность подходит человеку с опытом.
The course is suitable for beginners.
Курс подходит для начинающих.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I am suitable to this job.
Правильно: I am suitable for this job.
Story
Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions in a young person’s life. Many students start thinking about their future job while they are still at school. However, it is important to understand the difference between a job and a career. A job may be temporary, while a career is a long-term professional path.
Emma had always been interested in science. She considered medicine as a possible profession because she wanted to help people. After finishing school, she decided to apply for a medical university. She knew that the profession of a doctor requires years of hard work and dedication.
When filling in official documents, she had to state her parents’ occupations. This made her realise how different occupations can be. Some people change jobs several times, but they still follow the same career path.
Before submitting her application, Emma carefully considered whether she was suitable for such a demanding profession. She understood that choosing a career means accepting responsibility and being ready for continuous learning.
In the end, she applied for the university and began working towards her goal. She believed that success depends not only on talent but also on determination and effort.
Useful Words and Expressions
choose a career – выбрать карьеру
make a decision – принять решение
future job – будущая работа
long-term path – долгосрочный путь
be interested in – интересоваться
consider a profession – рассматривать профессию
apply for university – подать документы в университет
require hard work – требовать упорного труда
fill in a form – заполнять анкету
state an occupation – указывать род занятий
career path – карьерный путь
change jobs – менять работу
submit an application – подать заявление
be suitable for – подходить для
demanding profession – требовательная профессия
accept responsibility – принимать ответственность
continuous learning – непрерывное обучение
work towards a goal – двигаться к цели
determination and effort – решимость и усилия
achieve success – добиться успеха
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
She found a summer ______ as a shop assistant.
a) work
b) job
He wants to build a successful ______ in IT.
a) career
b) work
Teaching is a respected ______.
a) occupation
b) profession
She decided to ______ a position at a large company.
a) apply for
b) apply on
This course is ______ students with basic knowledge.
a) suitable for
b) suitable to
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
job
career
profession
apply for
occupation
a) a long-term professional path
b) to formally request a position
c) a specific position of employment
d) a type of work requiring special education
e) a formal term for someone’s type of work
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between a job and a career?
Why do some professions require special education?
What should a person consider before applying for a job?
How can someone understand if they are suitable for a profession?
Is it better to choose a stable job or follow your career ambitions? Why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) job
a) career
b) profession
a) apply for
a) suitable for
Exercise 2
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b
5 – e
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
A job is a specific position of employment, while a career is a long-term professional path that may include several jobs.
Some professions require special education because they involve responsibility and specialised knowledge. For example, doctors and lawyers must complete formal training.
Before applying for a job, a person should consider their skills, interests, and whether they are suitable for the position.
A person can understand if they are suitable for a profession by analysing their strengths, interests, and long-term goals.
In my opinion, it is important to combine stability with personal ambition. A successful career often requires both practical decisions and long-term planning.
Vocabulary Tip
Запоминайте три уровня:
job – конкретная работа
career – профессиональный путь
profession – квалифицированная профессия
Также всегда используйте правильный предлог:
apply for a job
be suitable for a position
Ошибки в предлогах – одна из самых частых проблем на ОГЭ.
Skills and Qualities: Understanding What Employers Value
Vocabulary Focus
1) skill vs ability
Skill – приобретённая способность делать что-либо хорошо, обычно после обучения или практики.
Ability – природная способность или потенциал что-то делать.
She has excellent communication skills.
У неё отличные коммуникативные навыки.
He has the ability to solve problems quickly.
У него есть способность быстро решать проблемы.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: He has many skills to run fast.
Правильно: He has the ability to run fast.
Запомните: skill чаще связана с практикой, ability – с природным талантом или потенциалом.
2) experience vs experiment
Experience – опыт, знания или навыки, полученные через практику или события.
Experiment – эксперимент, научное или практическое испытание.
She has a lot of teaching experience.
У неё большой опыт преподавания.
The students conducted a chemistry experiment.
Студенты провели химический эксперимент.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I have many experiments in this field.
Правильно: I have a lot of experience in this field.
3) responsible vs reliable
Responsible – ответственный, готовый принимать ответственность за свои действия.
Reliable – надёжный, на кого можно положиться.
Teachers expect students to be responsible for their homework.
Учителя ожидают, что ученики будут ответственны за домашнюю работу.
She is very reliable; she always meets deadlines.
Она очень надёжная; всегда успевает к сроку.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: He is responsible; you can trust him completely.
Правильно: He is reliable; you can trust him completely.
4) patient vs sympathetic
Patient – терпеливый, умеющий спокойно ждать или выносить трудности.
Sympathetic – сочувствующий, понимающий чувства других.
A good teacher must be patient with all students.
Хороший учитель должен быть терпеливым со всеми учениками.
She was sympathetic when I explained my problems.
Она была сочувствующей, когда я рассказал о своих проблемах.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: The teacher is sympathetic when students make mistakes.
Правильно: The teacher is patient when students make mistakes.
Story
At Greenfield High, teachers often discuss the skills and qualities students need to succeed. Emma wanted to improve both her academic performance and her personal qualities. She realised that having abilities alone was not enough; she needed to develop practical skills through study and practice.
During the school year, Emma took part in several projects. Each project gave her valuable experience and helped her learn how to manage her time effectively. She experimented with different study techniques to find the most efficient approach.
Her teachers noticed that she was responsible and reliable. She always completed assignments on time and helped her classmates when needed. In addition, Emma was patient when working on difficult problems and sympathetic to peers who struggled with certain tasks.
By the end of the year, Emma’s efforts paid off. She had developed important skills, gained experience, and strengthened personal qualities that would help her in future studies and her career. Emma understood that success is a combination of natural ability, learned skills, and positive personal qualities.
Her experience taught her that working on both skills and qualities is essential to achieve goals and be a supportive member of any team.
Useful Words and Expressions
skills – навыки
ability – способность
experience – опыт
experiment – эксперимент
responsible – ответственный
reliable – надёжный
patient – терпеливый
sympathetic – сочувствующий
academic performance – учебные достижения
take part in projects – участвовать в проектах
manage time effectively – эффективно управлять временем
study techniques – методы обучения
complete assignments – выполнять задания
help classmates – помогать одноклассникам
pay off – приносить результат
develop skills – развивать навыки
gain experience – получать опыт
strengthen qualities – укреплять качества
achieve goals – достигать целей
supportive member – поддерживающий участник
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
She has excellent communication ______.
a) ability
b) skills
He has the ______ to solve complex problems.
a) skill
b) ability
The students conducted a science ______.
a) experiment
b) experience
The teacher is very ______; you can trust her completely.
a) responsible
b) reliable
Good teachers must be ______ with students.
a) sympathetic
b) patient
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
skill
experience
responsible
reliable
sympathetic
a) capable of being trusted
b) knowledge or practice gained over time
c) understanding other people’s feelings
d) learned ability to do something well
e) ready to accept responsibility
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between a skill and an ability?
How does experience differ from an experiment?
Why is it important to be both responsible and reliable?
Give an example of a situation where patience is needed.
How can being sympathetic help in school or at work?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) skills
b) ability
b) experiment
b) reliable
b) patient
Exercise 2
1 – d
2 – b
3 – e
4 – a
5 – c
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
A skill is a learned ability developed through practice, while an ability is a natural or innate capacity to do something.
