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Слова, которые путают на ОГЭ по английскому. Слова и фразы для чтения, письма и говорения

Слова, которые путают на ОГЭ по английскому
Слова и фразы для чтения, письма и говорения
Айви Вордс
© Айви Вордс, 2026
ISBN 978-5-0069-3439-9
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Предисловие
Эта книга создана для того, чтобы сделать изучение английской лексики понятным и системным. В ней собраны слова, выражения и фразовые конструкции, которые чаще всего вызывают трудности у школьников при подготовке к ОГЭ.
Материал книги организован по темам, близким к повседневной жизни и школьной программе: учеба, экзамены, свободное время, дружба, путешествия, здоровье и многие другие. Каждая глава помогает не только запомнить лексику, но и понять, как правильно использовать её в контексте, избегая типичных ошибок.
Особое внимание уделено естественному звучанию языка, устойчивым выражениям, фразовым глаголам, коллокациям и идиомам. Упражнения и тексты разработаны так, чтобы поддерживать постепенное развитие навыков: чтения, письма, говорения и понимания.
Эта книга – практическое пособие для тех, кто хочет уверенно использовать английский язык, выражать свои мысли ясно и готовиться к экзамену максимально эффективно.
School Subjects and Academic Performance
Vocabulary Focus
1) subject vs lesson
Subject – это учебный предмет в целом (математика, история, английский язык).
Lesson – это конкретное занятие (урок), которое проходит в определённое время.
My favourite subject is History.
Мой любимый предмет – история.
We have an English lesson today.
Сегодня у нас урок английского.
Типичная ошибка:
Нельзя говорить I have five subjects today, если вы имеете в виду уроки по расписанию.
Правильно: I have five lessons today.
2) marks vs grades
Mark – это оценка за конкретную работу или тест.
Grade – это итоговая оценка за предмет или период обучения (чаще используется в американском английском).
She got good marks in her Maths test.
Она получила хорошие оценки за тест по математике.
He received a high grade at the end of the term.
Он получил высокую итоговую оценку в конце семестра.
В британском английском чаще используется mark для школьных оценок.
3) pass vs take an exam
Take an exam – сдавать экзамен (процесс).
Pass an exam – сдать экзамен успешно (результат).
I am going to take an English exam tomorrow.
Завтра я буду сдавать экзамен по английскому.
She passed the exam with excellent marks.
Она сдала экзамен на отлично.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I passed the exam tomorrow.
(Нельзя «сдать» экзамен в будущем, если результат ещё неизвестен.)
Правильно: I will take the exam tomorrow.
4) revise vs review
Revise – повторять материал перед экзаменом (британский вариант).
Review – повторять или просматривать материал снова (чаще американский вариант или более общее значение).
I need to revise for my Biology exam.
Мне нужно повторить биологию к экзамену.
Let’s review the main points of the lesson.
Давайте повторим основные моменты урока.
Типичная ошибка:
Не говорите learn again вместо revise/review.
Правильно: I need to revise the material.
Story
Anna has always taken her studies seriously. Her favourite subject at school is English, but she also enjoys History and Literature. This year, she is preparing for several important exams, so she spends a lot of time revising.
Every afternoon, Anna reviews the material she studied during the lesson. She believes that regular revision helps her remember information more effectively. Instead of studying only before exams, she prefers to revise a little every day. As a result, she usually gets good marks in tests and quizzes.
Last month, Anna had to take a Maths exam. She felt nervous because Maths is not her strongest subject. However, she revised carefully and asked her teacher to explain difficult topics again. When the results were announced, she was relieved to learn that she had passed the exam with a good grade.
Anna understands that there is a difference between taking an exam and passing it. For her, success depends not only on natural ability but also on discipline and consistent effort. She believes that regular revision, active participation in lessons, and attention to feedback are the key factors that influence academic performance.
Useful Words and Expressions
take studies seriously – относиться к учёбе серьёзно
prepare for exams – готовиться к экзаменам
spend time doing something – тратить время на что-то
revise for an exam – повторять к экзамену
review material – повторять материал
remember information – запоминать информацию
as a result – в результате
get good marks – получать хорошие оценки
take an exam – сдавать экзамен
feel nervous – нервничать
strongest subject – самый сильный предмет
explain a topic – объяснять тему
announce results – объявлять результаты
pass an exam – сдать экзамен
get a good grade – получить хорошую итоговую оценку
natural ability – природные способности
consistent effort – постоянные усилия
academic performance – успеваемость
pay attention to feedback – обращать внимание на обратную связь
key factor – ключевой фактор
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
We have five ______ today, including Maths and English.
a) subjects
b) lessons
She got high ______ in her Physics test.
a) marks
b) points
I am going to ______ an exam next week.
a) pass
b) take
He studied hard and finally ______ the exam.
a) took
b) passed
I need to ______ for my History exam tonight.
a) revise
b) learn again
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
subject
lesson
mark
pass an exam
revise
a) to study again before a test
b) a specific class at school
c) a school discipline such as Maths or History
d) to complete an exam successfully
e) a result for a piece of work
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between a subject and a lesson?
Why is it important to revise regularly?
What is the difference between taking and passing an exam?
Which subject is your strongest one and why?
What helps improve academic performance?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) lessons
a) marks
b) take
b) passed
a) revise
Exercise 2
1 – c
2 – b
3 – e
4 – d
5 – a
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
A subject is a school discipline such as Maths or History, while a lesson is a specific class that takes place at a particular time.
It is important to revise regularly because it helps consolidate knowledge and improve long-term memory. Regular revision reduces stress before exams.
Taking an exam refers to the process of completing it, while passing an exam means achieving a successful result.
My strongest subject is English because I practise regularly and pay attention during lessons. I also revise systematically before tests.
Academic performance improves when students revise consistently, attend lessons regularly, and follow their teacher’s feedback.
Vocabulary Tip
Обращайте внимание на разницу между процессом и результатом: take an exam (процесс) – pass an exam (результат).
Также учите лексику в устойчивых сочетаниях: get good marks, revise for an exam, strongest subject, academic performance.
Exams and Preparation: Avoiding Common Mistakes
Vocabulary Focus
1) prepare for vs be ready for
Prepare for – готовиться к чему-то (процесс подготовки).
Be ready for – быть готовым к чему-то (результат подготовки).
I am preparing for my English exam.
Я готовлюсь к экзамену по английскому.
I feel ready for the exam now.
Теперь я чувствую, что готов к экзамену.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I am ready for my exam for two weeks.
(Нельзя использовать be ready для описания процесса.)
Правильно: I have been preparing for my exam for two weeks.
2) cheat vs copy
Cheat – списывать или использовать нечестные способы на экзамене (общее понятие).
Copy – списывать у конкретного человека или из конкретного источника.
He cheated in the test by using his phone.
Он списывал на тесте, используя телефон.
She tried to copy her friend’s answers.
Она пыталась списать ответы у подруги.
Важно: Cheat – более широкое понятие. Можно cheat on a test, cheat in an exam.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: He copied in the exam.
Правильно: He cheated in the exam.
3) retake
Retake (an exam) – пересдавать экзамен.
She failed the Maths exam and had to retake it.
Она не сдала экзамен по математике и должна была пересдавать его.
Обратите внимание:
retake + object (retake the test / retake the exam)
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: She made the exam again.
Правильно: She retook the exam. (прошедшая форма)
4) fail vs miss
Fail (an exam) – не сдать экзамен (получить неудовлетворительный результат).
Miss (an exam) – пропустить экзамен (не прийти).
He failed the Biology exam.
Он не сдал экзамен по биологии.
She missed the exam because she was ill.
Она пропустила экзамен, потому что болела.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I missed my exam because it was too difficult.
(Если было трудно, значит вы его не сдали.)
Правильно: I failed my exam because it was too difficult.
Story
Tom had been preparing for his final exams for several months. Every day after school, he revised his notes and completed practice tests. Although he sometimes felt tired, he wanted to be ready for every subject.
A week before the exams, Tom realised that preparation was not only about studying. It was also about managing stress and organising his time effectively. He created a detailed schedule to make sure he was fully prepared.
During the Maths exam, Tom noticed that one of his classmates was trying to copy answers. Another student was clearly cheating by looking at his phone. Tom felt nervous, but he decided to focus on his own work. He believed that cheating could lead to serious consequences.
When the results were announced, Tom was relieved. He had passed most of his exams with good marks. However, he failed Physics. Instead of feeling discouraged, he decided to retake the exam. He understood that failing an exam was not the end of the world, but missing an opportunity to improve would be a bigger mistake.
In the end, Tom learned that consistent preparation and honesty were more important than short-term success.
Useful Words and Expressions
final exams – выпускные экзамены
revise notes – повторять конспекты
practice test – пробный тест
feel tired – чувствовать усталость
be ready for – быть готовым к
manage stress – справляться со стрессом
organise time – организовывать время
detailed schedule – подробное расписание
fully prepared – полностью подготовленный
copy answers – списывать ответы
cheat in an exam – списывать на экзамене
serious consequences – серьёзные последствия
announce results – объявлять результаты
feel relieved – почувствовать облегчение
fail an exam – не сдать экзамен
retake an exam – пересдавать экзамен
feel discouraged – чувствовать разочарование
opportunity to improve – возможность улучшить
short-term success – краткосрочный успех
consistent preparation – системная подготовка
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
I have been ______ for this exam for a month.
a) ready for
b) preparing for
She felt confident because she was ______ the test.
a) ready for
b) preparing for
He was caught trying to ______ his classmate’s answers.
a) cheat
b) copy
She was ill and ______ the exam.
a) failed
b) missed
If you don’t pass, you can ______ the exam next month.
a) retake
b) remake
Exercise 2. Match the word with its meaning.
prepare for
be ready for
cheat
fail
miss
a) not attend
b) not pass successfully
c) get ready in advance
d) use dishonest methods
e) be fully prepared
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
What is the difference between preparing for an exam and being ready for it?
Why is cheating a serious problem?
What should a student do if they fail an exam?
Is failing an exam worse than missing it? Why or why not?
What helps you feel ready for an important test?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) preparing for
a) ready for
b) copy
b) missed
a) retake
Exercise 2
1 – c
2 – e
3 – d
4 – b
5 – a
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Preparing for an exam refers to the process of studying, while being ready means feeling fully prepared and confident before the test.
Cheating is a serious problem because it is dishonest and may lead to serious consequences, such as failing the exam or disciplinary action.
If a student fails an exam, they should analyse their mistakes and prepare more carefully before retaking it.
Failing and missing are different situations. Failing means you tried but did not succeed, while missing means you did not attend at all. In many cases, missing may require an official explanation.
I feel ready for an important test when I revise regularly, complete practice tasks, and manage my time effectively.
Vocabulary Tip
Запомните простую схему:
prepare → process
be ready → result
Также различайте:
fail = не сдать
miss = пропустить
Такие различия часто проверяются в заданиях на выбор слова в ОГЭ, поэтому важно учить их в контексте, а не отдельно.
Homework and Deadlines: Managing Your Academic Responsibilities
Vocabulary Focus
1) do vs make homework
Правильное выражение – do homework.
Слово homework – неисчисляемое, и с ним используется глагол do, а не make.
I have to do my homework tonight.
Мне нужно сделать домашнюю работу сегодня вечером.
She always does her homework on time.
Она всегда делает домашнюю работу вовремя.
Типичная ошибка (прямой перевод с русского):
Неправильно: make homework
Правильно: do homework
Важно: мы говорим make a mistake, но do homework.
2) hand in
Hand in – сдавать работу преподавателю.
Please hand in your essays by Friday.
Пожалуйста, сдайте сочинения до пятницы.
He handed in his project two days late.
Он сдал проект на два дня позже.
Частая ошибка:
Неправильно: give homework
Правильно: hand in homework / hand in an assignment
3) meet a deadline
Meet a deadline – уложиться в срок.
She worked hard to meet the deadline.
Она усердно работала, чтобы уложиться в срок.
It is important to meet all deadlines at school.
Важно соблюдать все сроки в школе.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: finish the deadline
Правильно: meet a deadline
Мы также говорим: miss a deadline – пропустить срок.
4) be due
Be due – быть запланированным к сдаче/выполнению в определённую дату.
The essay is due on Monday.
Сочинение нужно сдать в понедельник.
My project is due next week.
Мой проект нужно сдать на следующей неделе.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: I must give the project on Monday.
Правильно: The project is due on Monday.
Story
Daniel used to have problems with homework and deadlines. He often forgot when his assignments were due and sometimes handed them in late. As a result, his marks were lower than expected.
One Monday, his teacher reminded the class that a history essay was due on Friday. Daniel decided to organise his time more effectively. Instead of waiting until the last minute, he started to do his homework the same day it was assigned. He created a simple schedule to make sure he would meet the deadline.
During the week, Daniel worked on his essay step by step. He checked the requirements carefully and made sure he understood the topic. Two days before the deadline, he finished writing and reviewed his work. On Thursday morning, he handed in the essay.
When the results were announced, Daniel was pleased. He had received one of the highest marks in the class. He realised that the problem was not his ability but his time management. From that moment on, he promised himself to do homework regularly, pay attention to deadlines, and never miss an important due date again.
Useful Words and Expressions
take responsibility for – брать ответственность за
assignment – задание
hand in late – сдавать с опозданием
as a result – в результате
lower than expected – ниже ожидаемого
remind someone – напоминать кому-то
be due – быть назначенным к сдаче
organise time – организовывать время
at the last minute – в последний момент
create a schedule – составить расписание
meet the deadline – уложиться в срок
step by step – шаг за шагом
check the requirements – проверять требования
review one’s work – проверить свою работу
announce results – объявлять результаты
receive a mark – получать оценку
time management – управление временем
promise oneself – пообещать себе
miss a deadline – пропустить срок
due date – срок сдачи
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.
I need to ______ my homework before dinner.
a) make
b) do
The project is ______ next Monday.
a) due
b) ready
Please ______ your essays by email.
a) hand in
b) give
She stayed up late to ______ the deadline.
a) finish
b) meet
He forgot about the test and ______ the deadline.
a) lost
b) missed
Exercise 2. Match the word or phrase with its meaning.
hand in
meet a deadline
be due
miss a deadline
do homework
a) fail to finish on time
b) complete tasks given by a teacher
c) submit work
d) be scheduled for a specific date
e) finish work before the required time
Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).
Why is it important to meet deadlines at school?
What happens if students hand in homework late?
How can students organise their time effectively?
What does it mean if an assignment is due tomorrow?
Do you usually do homework immediately or at the last minute? Why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
b) do
a) due
a) hand in
b) meet
b) missed
Exercise 2
1 – c
2 – e
3 – d
4 – a
5 – b
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
It is important to meet deadlines because it demonstrates responsibility and good time management. It also positively influences academic performance.
If students hand in homework late, they may receive lower marks or negative feedback. In some cases, the teacher may refuse to accept the work.
Students can organise their time by creating a schedule, setting priorities, and starting assignments early instead of waiting until the last minute.
If an assignment is due tomorrow, it must be submitted by tomorrow. The student should hand it in before the deadline.
I usually try to do homework as soon as possible because it reduces stress. However, sometimes I postpone difficult tasks until the deadline approaches.
Vocabulary Tip
Запомните устойчивые сочетания:
do homework
hand in an assignment
meet a deadline
be due on Monday
School Rules and Discipline: Understanding Key Differences
Vocabulary Focus
1) rule vs law
Rule – правило, установленное в школе, организации или группе.
Law – закон, установленный государством и обязательный для всех.
Our school has strict rules about mobile phones.
В нашей школе строгие правила по поводу мобильных телефонов.
It is against the law to steal.
Воровать запрещено законом.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: It is against the school law.
Правильно: It is against the school rules.
Запомните: в школе – rules, в стране – laws.
2) allow vs let
Allow – разрешать (более формально, часто используется в письменной речи и правилах).
Let – позволять (более разговорный вариант).
The teacher does not allow students to use phones in class.
Учитель не разрешает ученикам пользоваться телефонами на уроке.
My parents let me stay out late on weekends.
Родители разрешают мне гулять допоздна по выходным.
Грамматическая разница:
allow + object + to + verb
let + object + verb (без to)
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: The teacher let us to leave early.
Правильно: The teacher let us leave early.
3) punish vs blame
Punish – наказывать за нарушение правил.
Blame – обвинять, считать кого-то виноватым.
The school punished him for cheating.
Школа наказала его за списывание.
The teacher blamed him for the broken window.
Учитель обвинил его в разбитом окне.
Разница:
Punish – есть наказание.
Blame – есть обвинение, но не обязательно наказание.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: He was punished for the accident, but it wasn’t his fault.
(Если не его вина, логичнее использовать blamed.)
4) behave vs act
Behave – вести себя (о поведении в целом).
Act – вести себя определённым образом в конкретной ситуации.
Students must behave properly during lessons.
Ученики должны вести себя надлежащим образом на уроках.
He acted politely when he spoke to the head teacher.
Он вел себя вежливо, когда разговаривал с директором.
Типичная ошибка:
Неправильно: He behaved angry.
Правильно: He acted angrily.
Или: He behaved badly.
Story
At Greenfield School, students are expected to follow clear rules. These rules are designed to create a safe and respectful learning environment. For example, students are not allowed to use their phones during lessons, and they must behave appropriately at all times.
One day, a group of students decided to ignore the rules. They were talking loudly and acting irresponsibly during a science lesson. The teacher warned them several times, but they did not change their behaviour. Eventually, the head teacher became involved.









