Английская грамматика для продолжающих. Для изучающих на среднем и продвинутом уровне

Useful Words and Expressions

Project – проект

School – школа

By next Monday – к следующему понедельнику

To finish – закончить

Chapter – глава

To write – писать

Reference – ссылка, источник

Friend – друг

To prepare – готовить

Presentation – презентация

Slide – слайд

Teacher – учитель

To receive – получать

To start – начинать

Document – документ

To print – печатать

To arrive – приходить

Ready – готовый

To feel – чувствовать

To complete – завершать

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

Sam ______ (finish) his project by next Monday.

He ______ (write) all the chapters.

Anna ______ (prepare) the presentation slides.

Sam ______ (not / start) a new project before finishing this one.

Everything ______ (be) ready when they arrive at school.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

I ______ have eaten dinner by 7 p.m.

a) will

b) did

c) am

She ______ not have seen the movie by tomorrow.

a) will

b) does

c) has

______ they have completed the homework by Monday?

a) Will

b) Do

c) Has

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

Answer in 2—3 sentences each:

What will Sam have finished by next Monday?

What will Anna have prepared?

What will the teacher have received by that time?

What will Sam not have started?

How will Sam and Anna feel after completing the work?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

will have finished

will have written

will have prepared

will not have started

will have been

Exercise 2:

a) will

a) will

a) Will

Exercise 3:

Sam will have finished his school project by next Monday.

Anna will have prepared the presentation slides.

The teacher will have received many other students’ projects by that time.

Sam will not have started any new project before finishing this one.

Sam and Anna will feel proud because they will have completed all the work carefully and on time.

Mini Tips

Используйте will have + V3 для действий, которые будут завершены к будущему моменту: «I will have finished my homework by 8 p.m.»

Часто встречается с указателями времени: by tomorrow, by next week, by the time.

Практикуйтесь, описывая, что вы закончите к определённому моменту: «I will have cleaned my room by noon.»

Future Perfect Continuous

Grammar Focus

Future Perfect Continuous используется для:

Действий, которые будут продолжаться до определённого момента в будущем.

Подчёркивания длительности действия к будущему моменту.

Формула:

Положительная форма: Subject + will + have + been + V-ing

Отрицательная форма: Subject + will not / won’t + have + been + V-ing

Вопросительная форма: Will + subject + have + been + V-ing?

Примеры:

I will have been studying for two hours by 6 p.m. – Я буду учиться уже два часа к 6 вечера.

She will not have been working here long by next month. – Она не будет работать здесь долго к следующему месяцу.

Will they have been waiting for an hour when the bus arrives? – Они будут ждать уже час, когда приедет автобус?

Советы:

Используется с выражениями времени: for, since, by the time, by next week.

Акцент на длительности действия до будущего момента.

Часто используется с Future Simple или Future Perfect для последовательности событий.

Story

A Long Study Day

By 5 p.m. tomorrow, Alex will have been studying for six hours. He will have been reading different books and will have been writing many notes. His friend Mia will have been helping him with exercises since morning. Alex will not have been taking any breaks until lunchtime. The teacher will have been checking students’ progress during the day. By evening, Alex will have been feeling tired but satisfied. He will have been preparing for the final exam for months, and this long study day will have been the most productive.

Useful Words and Expressions

Study – учёба

To study – учиться

Book – книга

To read – читать

To write – писать

Note – заметка

Friend – друг

To help – помогать

Exercise – упражнение

Since morning – с утра

Break – перерыв

Teacher – учитель

To check – проверять

Progress – прогресс

By 5 p.m. – к 5 вечера

To feel – чувствовать

Tired – усталый

Satisfied – довольный

Final exam – экзамен

Productive – продуктивный

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

Alex ______ (study) for six hours by 5 p.m. tomorrow.

He ______ (read) different books and ______ (write) many notes.

Mia ______ (help) him with exercises since morning.

Alex ______ (not / take) any breaks until lunchtime.

He ______ (feel) tired but satisfied by evening.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

She ______ have been working here for two years by next month.

a) will

b) might

c) could

We ______ not have been waiting long when the train arrives.

a) should

b) will

c) can

______ he have been studying all morning?

a) Will

b) Has

c) Did

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

Answer in 2—3 sentences each:

How long will Alex have been studying by 5 p.m.?

What will he have been reading and writing?

Who will have been helping him since morning?

Will Alex have taken any breaks until lunchtime?

How will Alex feel by evening?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

will have been studying

will have been reading, will have been writing

will have been helping

will not have been taking

will have been feeling

Exercise 2:

a) will

b) will

a) Will

Exercise 3:

Alex will have been studying for six hours by 5 p.m.

He will have been reading different books and writing many notes.

His friend Mia will have been helping him with exercises since morning.

No, Alex will not have taken any breaks until lunchtime.

By evening, Alex will have been feeling tired but satisfied.

Mini Tips

Используйте will have been + V-ing для действий, которые будут продолжаться до определённого момента в будущем.

Отличайте от Future Perfect: Future Perfect – завершённое действие («I will have finished»), Future Perfect Continuous – длительное действие («I will have been studying»).

Практикуйтесь с длительными подготовками: «By 10 p.m., I will have been reading for three hours.»

Can / Could (Ability)

Grammar Focus

Can и Could используются для выражения:

Способности / умения делать что-либо.

Вежливых просьб и вопросов (Could).

Формула:

Положительная форма: Subject + can/could + V1

Отрицательная форма: Subject + cannot / can’t / could not / couldn’t + V1

Вопросительная форма: Can/Could + subject + V1?

Примеры:

I can swim very well. – Я умею хорошо плавать.