Notes and Queries, Number 37, July 13, 1850

In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform Mr. Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, "Not less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, under Cromwell's government." (Constit. Hist., ch. x. note to p. 128., 4to. edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when he spoke "a project to sell some of the most eminent masters of colleges, &c., to the Turks for slaves," Whitelock's Memorials will inform him, under date of Sept. 21, 1648, that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to take care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice."

To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the members for Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four parliaments of Mary, may be seen in Willis' Notitia Parliamentaria, where their names are placed next to the members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that the return for Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. Their names indicate that they were English,—such as Fowler, Massingberd, &c.

As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose purport is, the bearer of an umbrella.

Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George II.'s (not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of the two English universities in Knox's Elegent Extracts. The lines he has cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, from the first of the two. They were occasioned by George. II's purchasing the library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it to the university of Cambridge.

The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years ago:—

"'Tis an excellent world that we live in,To lend, to spend, or to give in;But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own,'Tis just the worst world that ever was known."H. WALTER.

LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN

Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether any of the following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain, extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet appeared in print:—

1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3.

2. Answer, April 2, 1563.

3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of Bishop Cuadra, April, 1563.

4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, Philip's ambassador, and the answers.

5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569.

6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569.

7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571.

8. Answer, June 4, 1571.

9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don Gueran de Espes, Dec. 14, 1571.

10. The ambassador's answer.

11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571.

12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, January 26, 1584.

13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568.

14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572.

15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, February 24, 1572.

A.M.

MINOR QUERIES

The New Temple.—As your correspondent L.B.L. states (Vol. ii., p. 75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in England, taken in 1338, he will do me a great kindness if he will extract so much of it as contains a description of the New Temple in London, of which they became possessed just before that date. It will probably state whether it was then in the occupation of themselves or others: and, even if it does not throw any light on the tradition that the lawyers were then established there, or explain the division into the Inner and Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the boundaries, and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, which, in an ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then comprehended within them.

EDWARD FOSS.

"Junius Identified."—The name of "John Taylor" is affixed to the Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, that Mr. John Taylor was literally the writer of this work. It has, however, already become a question of some interest, to what extent he was assisted by Mr. Dubois. The late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the work of Dubois. Lord Campbell, in his Lives of the Chancellors, published a statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim to the authorship of Junius' Letters, and thus introduced it—"I am indebted for it to the kindness of my old and excellent friend, Mr. Edward Dubois, the ingenious author of 'Junius Identified'" Mr. Dubois was then, and Mr. Taylor is now living, and both remained silent. Sir Fortunatus Dwarris, the intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was "a connection of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, I know not with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir Philip; and at the time of the publication he was also connected with Mr. Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor will think it right to favour you with a statement of the facts, that future "Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with endless "Queries" on the subject.

R.J.

Mildew in Books.—Can you, or any of your readers, suggest a preventive for mildew in books?

In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much injury has been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which appear very capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of an engraving, leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking the inside of the backs only; and in a few instances it attacks all parts with the utmost impartiality.

Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable.

B.

George Herbert's Burial-place.—Can any of your correspondents inform me where the venerable George Herbert, rector of Bemerton, co. Wilts., was buried, and whether there is any monument of him existing in any church?

J.R. Fox.

The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer."—

"There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, entitled The Finding of the Rayned Deer, but it bears title to be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste in defence of the late Essex's tumult."

The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father Parsons written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a contemporary copy of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] Whitehall. Can any of your readers tell me whether anything is known of this book?

SPES.

June 28. 1850.

The Lass of Richmond Hill.—I should be much obliged by being informed who wrote the words of the above song, and when, if it was produced originally at some place of public entertainment. The Rev. Thomas Maurice, in his elegant poem on Richmond Hill, has considered it to have been written upon a Miss Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April 23rd, 1782; but he was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few years later, and had no reference to that event. I have heard it attributed to Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but on no certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore Hook.

QUÆRO.

Curfew.—In what towns or villages in England is the old custom of ringing the curfew still retained?

NABOC.

Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester.—Are the alumni of the various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester, published from an early period, and the various preferments they held, similar to the one published at Eton.

J.R. Fox.

St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh.—In Doctor Oliver's History of the Jesuits, it is stated that William St. Leger, an Irish member of that Society, wrote the Life of Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel, in Ireland, published in 4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous readers inform me if a copy of this work is to be found in the British Museum, or any other public library, and something of its contents?

J.W.H.

Query put to a Pope.—

"Sancte Pater! scire vellemSi Papatus mutat pellem?"

I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the popes, whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, had been passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical profession.

They were addressed to him orally, by one of his former associates, who met and stopped him while on his way to or from some high festival of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he spoke, the gorgeous robes in which his quondam fellow-reveller was dressed.

The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a rhyming Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name of the pope;—the terms of his reply;—the name of the bold man who "put him to the question;"—by what writer the anecdote is recorded, or on what authority it rests.

C. FORBES.

Temple.

The Carpenter's Maggot.—I have in my possession a MS. tune called the "Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the last few years, was played (I know for nearly a century) at the annual dinner of the Livery of the Carpenters' Company. Can any of your readers inform me where the original is to be found, and also the origin of the word "Maggot" as applied to a tune?

F.T.P.

Lord Delamere.—Can any of your readers give me the words of a song called "Lord Delamere," beginning:

"I wonder very much that our sovereign king,So many large taxes upon this land should bring."

And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have an imperfect MS. copy, refers.

EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.

Henry and the Nut-brown Maid.—SEARCH would be obliged for any information as to the authorship of this beautiful ballad.

[Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, published by Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to fix the date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should produce information upon either of these points.]

REPLIES

FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE

The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., p. 71.) are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at the good old age of seventy-three), which is entitled Consolation à Monsieur Du Perrier sur la Mort de sa Fille. It has always been a great favorite of mine; for, like Gray's Elegy and the celebrated Coplas of Jorge Manrique on the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising strain, it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to the heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the beauty of the fourth:—

"Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done éternelle,Et les tristes discoursQue te met en l'esprit l'amitié paternelleL'augmenteront toujours."Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue,Par un commun trépas,Est-ce quelque dédale, où ta raison perdueNe se retrouve pas?"Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine;Et n'ay pas entrepris,Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peineAvecque son mépris."Mais elles estoit du monde, où les plus belles chosesOnt le pire destin:Et Rose elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses,L'espace d'un matin."

The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read as a whole; but there are several other striking passages. The consolation the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of Epictetus:—

"De moy, déjà deux fois d'une pareille foudreJe me suis vu perclus,Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre,Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus."Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possèdeCe qui me fut si cher;Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remède,II n'en faut point chercher."

Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the closing verse is:—

"De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience,Il est mal-à-propos:Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule scienceQui nous met en repos."

The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable imitation of the "Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede," &c. of Horace, which a countryman of the poet is said to have less happily rendered "La pâle mort avec son pied de cheval," &c.

Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one edition, are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and Chevreau: Racan wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a panegyrical preface. He was a man of wit, and ready at an impromptu; yet it is said, that in writing a consolotary poem to the President de Verdun, on the death of his wife, he was so long in bringing his verses to that degree of perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the president was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all required.

Bishop Hurd, in a note on the Epistle to Augustus, p. 72., says:

"Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of their old poets. And, as their talents of a good ear, elegant judgment, and correct expression, were the same, they presented her to the public in all the air and grace, and yet severity, of beauty, of which her form was susceptible."

S.W. SINGER.

Mickleham, July 2. 1850.

"DIES IRÆ, DIES ILLA."

In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. 72.) relative to the magnificent sequence Dies iræ, I beg to say that the author of it is utterly unknown. The following references may be sufficient:—Card. Bona, Rer. Liturgic. lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., Romæ, 1671; or, if possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. Turin. 1753; Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the Additions by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, Biblioth. Ritual. tom. i. p. 34., Romæ, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad Ciaconii Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd., tom. ii. col. 222., Romæ, 1677.

Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first printed?" Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the Ordinarium PP. Præd., asserts that this celebrated prose was first introduced into the Venice editions of the Missals printed for the Dominicans. The oldest Missale Prædicatorum which I possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a copy of the Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the Dies iræ is inserted in the Commemoratio Defunctorum; mens. Novemb. sig. M. 5.

An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of this sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard (Scriptt. Ord. Præd. i. 437.), under the name of Latinus Malabranca, we read that it certainly was not in use in the year 1255; and there does not appear to be the slightest evidence of its admission, even upon private authority, into the office for the dead anterior to the commencement of the fifteenth century.

Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had met with an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original consists not of "twenty-seven," but of fifty-seven lines. I may add that I do not remember to have found the text more correctly given than in the beautiful folio missal of the church of Augsburg, partly printed on vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.).

R.G.

The Dies Iræ is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON (Vol. ii., p. 72.) to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its author is very doubtful, but the probabilities are in favour of Thomas de Celano, a Minorite friar, who lived during the second half of the fourteenth century. It consists of nineteen strophes, each having three lines. Bartholomew of Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his Liber Conformitatum, speaks of it; but the earliest printed book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the Missale Romanum, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which I have in my possession.

D. ROCK.

Buckland, Faringdon.

DR. SAMUEL OGDEN

In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the original of the common surname Ogden is doubtless Oakden. A place so called is situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave name to a family,—possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. A clergymam, whose name partook both of the original and its corruption, was vicar of Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. Okden. The arms and crest borne by the Oakdens were both allusive to the name, certainly without any reference to King Charles's hiding-place.

Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of Thomas Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of giving a liberal education to one whose natural talents well deserved culture; and both his parents, in the decline of life, owed their support to Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is quite mistaken in fixing the father's residence at Mansfield, and in stating that he had been in the army. The monument, spoken of by Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the cathedral of Manchester: nor is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was placed by him in memory of his father. Ogden was buried in his own church, St. Sephlchre's, Cambridge.

The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It is transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the first Lord Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. Thyer, editor of Butler's Remains:—

"When Ogden his prosaic verseIn Latin numbers drest,The Roman language prov'd too weakTo stand the Critic's test."To English Rhyme he next essay'd,To show he'd some pretence;But ah! Rhyme only would not do—They still expected Sense."Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd placeIn Critics no reliance,So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic,And bad them all defiance."J.H. MARKLAND.

Ogden Family (Vol. ii., p. 73.).—Perhaps the representatives of the late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a private banker at Salisbury previous to 1810 (presuming he was a member of the family mentioned by your correspondent TWYFORD), might be able to furnish him with the information he seeks.

J.R. FOX.

Replies to Minor Queries

Porson's Imposition (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I believe, an imposition. The last line quoted (and I suppose all the rest) can hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused Johnson, Boswell, and a dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on the 14th of April, 1778, with some macaronic Greek "by Joshua Barnes, in which are to be found such comical Anglo-hellenisms as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were banged with clubs." Boswell's Johnson, last ed. p. 591.

C.

The Three Dukes (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).—Andrew Marvel thus makes mention of the outrage on the beadle in his letter to the Mayor of Hull, Feb. 28, 1671 (Works, i. 195.):—

"On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor beadle, praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; warrants are out for apprehending some of them, but they are fled."

I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of the three dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by conjecture is, that in the poem they are called "three bastard dukes." Your correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none of Charles II.'s bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old enough in 1671 to be actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes on Absalom and Achitophel, referring to the poem, gives the assault to Monmouth and some of his brothers; but he did so, probably, without considering dates, and on the strength of the words "three bastard dukes."

Mr. Lister, in the passage in his Life of Clarendon referred to by Mr. Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his mention of Albemarle. I should like to know if Mr. Wade has any other authority than Mr. Lister for this statement in his useful compilation.

Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and were we not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, Albemarle, and Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and killed himself by drinking) would probably be the three culprits. As regards Albemarle, he might perhaps have been called bastard without immoderate use of libeller's licence.

If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their names have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters which we have of that period. And this is the more strange, as this assault took place just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, which Monmouth instigated, and which had created so much excitement.

The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can suggest a mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal pardons of 1671 be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If the malefactors were pardoned by name, the three dukes may there turn up. Or if any of your readers is able to look through the Domestic Papers for February and March, 1671, in the State Paper Office, he would be likely to find there come information upon the subject.

Query. Is the doggerel poem in the State Poems Marvel's? Several poems which are ascribed to him are as bad in versification, and, I need not say, in coarseness.

Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's fondness for dancing than the following lines of the poem?

"See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall,This silly fellow's death puts off the ball,And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck;I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck."CH.

Kant's Sämmtliche Werke.—Under the head of "Books and Odd Volumes" (Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query respecting the XIth part of Kant's Sämmtliche Werke, to which I beg to reply that it was published at Leipzig, in two portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, Posthumous Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th vol., containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl Rosenkranz, one of the editors of this edition of Kant.

J.M.

Becket's Mother (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. 78.).—Although the absence of any contemporaneous relation of this lady's romantic history may raise a reasonable doubt of its authenticity, it seems to derive indirect confirmation from the fact, that the hospital founded by Becket's sister shortly after his death, on the spot where he was born, part of which is now the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr of Acon." Erasmus, also, in his Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury (see J.G. Nichol's excellent translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the archbishop was called "Thomas Acrensis."

Edward Foss.

"Imprest" and "Debenture."—Perhaps the following may be of some use to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for the verbal raw material out of which these words were manufactured.

Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in the ancient accounts of persons officially employed by the crown to express transactions somewhat similar to those for which they appear to be now used. Persons conversant with those records must frequently have met with cases where money advanced, paid on account, or as earnest, was described as "de prestito" or "in prestitis." Ducange gives "præstare" and its derivatives as meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; but I think that too limited a sense. The practice of describing a document itself by the use of the material or operative parts expressing or defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one that is followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the well-known descriptions of writs, as habeas corpus, mandamus, fi. fa.: or look into Cowell's Interpreter, or a law dictionary, and he will see numerous cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents are merely the operative parts of Latin formulæ. "Imprest" seems to be a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that part of the instrument being thus made to give its name to the whole. Of "debenture" I think there is little doubt that it may be similarly explained. Those Record Offices which possess the ancient accounts and vouchers of officers of the royal household contain numerous "debentures" of the thirteenth, but far more of the fourteenth, century. In this case the initial is the chief operative word: those relating to the royal wardrobe, commencing "Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact merely memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of money "are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually delivered over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount due to them, and given in to be cancelled when the debts were discharged by the Exchequer officers.