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English Grammar With Kudjo. Part 1. Понятная и забавная грамматика для детей и взрослых
He smells fine after a shower now.
в значении нюхать может стоять в Continuous:
He is smelling his food. Why?
taste
в значении быть на вкус только в Simple:
The meat tastes delicious.
в значении пробовать может стоять в Continuous:
He is tasting new food carefully at the moment.
look
в значении выглядеть только в Simple:
He looks so fluffy and cute now!
в значении смотреть и т. п . может стоять в Continuous:
He is looking for his ball but can’t find it anywhere.
EXERCISE 6
Поставьте глагол в каждой паре в Simple или Continuous :
1 have
a We *****a delicious dinner now
b We ***** a lot of books about dogs at home.
2 see
a I ***** that Kudjo is hungry.
b We ***** our family this weekend.
3 look
a He ***** so miserable now!
b Everybody ***** at Kudjo because he is carrying a big bone in his mouth.
4 smell
a He ***** so fruity now!
b He ***** the snow suspiciously.
5 taste
a His lunch ***** very good.
b He ***** a new bone
6 think
a Look at him! He ***** of doing something naughty!
b I ***** he wants to go out immediately.
7 have
a He ***** a lot of tasty food.
b He ***** a nap. Don’t bother him.
EXERCISE 7
Представьте свой идеальный день. Напишите: что вы делаете в данный момент и что вы обычно делаете в это время:
For example,
It’s 8 a.m and Kudjo is running with our dogs in a garden where tasty treats grow in the trees.
He usually wakes up at 8 a.m.
EXERCISE 8
Отметьте правильный вариант ответа:
1 Kudjo ***** football with professionals now.
a playing
b plays
c is playing
2 Kudjo ***** a robot-hoover.
a hate
b is hating
c hates
3 Kudjo ***** sleeping with toys.
a enjoys
b enjoy
c is enjoying

4 Kudjo hardly ever ***** for a walk without a leash.a gob goesc going5 We ***** the shopping together today.a doingb are doingc do6 Kudjo ***** milk because of the white color.a don’t drinkb doesn’t drinkc isn’t drinking7 Don’t touch this toy! It ***** to Kudjo.a is belongingb belongc belongsEXERCISE 9
Переведите предложения, используя Present Simple and Present Continuous:
1 Куджо любит гулять зимой, когда ужасно холодно.
2 Мы сегодня идем выбирать новую игрушку для моей собаки.
3 Куджо редко играет дома, но всегда отнимает игрушки у других собак на улице! (это мне очень не нравится)
4 Ты видишь Куджо сейчас? Что он делает?
5 Он не смотрит дог-шоу, он крепко спит.
6 Он не понимает тебя сейчас. Говори по-английски.
7 Куджо сейчас обедает. Он всегда ест после прогулки.
Unit 4
Past Simple Tense
Простое прошедшее время
Прошедшее простое время показывает регулярное, законченное действие в прошлом. Все глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Правильные глаголы (regular verbs) образуют форму Past Simple с помощью окончания -ed, в то время как неправильные (irregular verbs) имеют свою особую форму, которую можно найти в таблице неправильных глаголов в конце книги.
Например, купил -bought, закрыл-closed.
Утвердительное предложение выглядит так:
подлежащее + глагол в форме Past Simple.
Kudjo woke up five minutes ago.
EXERCISE 1
Поставьте глагол в форму Past Simple:
When Kudjo /be/ a little puppy,
1 he /play/ all day long.
2 he /have/ too long legs and /fall/ down every time
3 he /love/ all the dogs that he /meet/.
4 he /taste/ everything that he /find/.
5 he /bark/ when he /be/ excited and he /be/ excited 20 hours a day!
6 he/can/ go 10 km non-stop.
7 he /enjoy/ looking at his reflection in mirrors and shop windows.
8 he /love/lying next to the laptop and watching me working.

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы строятся точно так же, как и в Present Simple при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в прошедшем времени- did.
Обратите внимание, что сам основной глагол при этом остается в нулевой форме.
Структура отрицательного предложения:
подлежащее+ did + not + глагол.
He didn’t go downstairs on his own.
При этом сокращенная форма didn’t звучит более естественно.
EXERCISE 2
Поставьте глагол в отрицательной форме в Present Simple или Past Simple:
1 When Kudjo was little, he/not like/ sleeping much. But now he /not like/ waking up early.
2 When Kudjo was little, he /not want/ to stay alone. Now he /not mind / doing it.
3 When Kudjo was little, he /not come/ up to big boxes and bags, now he/not come/ up either.
4 Yesterday he /not stay/ out for a long time because of a biting frost.
5 He /not wear/ clothes because he has thick fur.
6 He even /not bark/ yesterday because it was too cold to open his mouth.
7 He/not get/ any treats yesterday.
8 He usually /not go/ to bed before midnight and he / not kip/ down so early last night.
Вопросительное предложение в Past Simple выглядит так:
(вопросительное слово) + did + подлежащее + глагол?
What time did he go to bed last night?
EXERCISE 3
Поставьте вопрос к выделенному слову:
1 Kudjo met a lot of dogs at the exhibition last week.
2 Kudjo woke up very late last morning.
3 Kudjo ate abig bowl of meat for lunch yesterday.
4 Kudjo jumped off the bed very loudly and woke up everybody.
5 Kudjo lay down on the sofa and didn’t move for ages.
6 Kudjo brought a strange toy from his walk.
7 Kudjo ran a lot during his night walk.
8 Kudjo gave his paw to a little boy, who was crying.
Сигнальными словами для времени Past Simple являются следующие слова и сочетания: yesterday, when, ago, last night (week, month, year, etc.),in 2023, in the past.
EXERCISE 4
Поставьте правильный маркер: tonight, when, now, never, last January, usually, at the moment, last summer
1 Kudjo is watching boats fixedly *****.

2 Kudjo stole some raw meat and ate it ***** he was little.
3 Kudjo ***** lies next to me during my work.
4 Kudjo had a big birthday cake *****.
5 Kudjo is seeing his groomer *****.
6 We spent a great time in the country *****..
7 Look! Kudjo is digging out his toy*****..
8 Kudjo ***** eats shrimps. He hates them.
EXERCISE 5
Напишите предложения о вашем выдуманном идеальном дне рождения, используя глаголы в Past Simple и наши подсказки-вопросы.
For example,
My last birthday was exciting! I woke up on the top of a hill, which was made from a lot of presents…
1 wake up /what time? and where?/
2 see /what?/
3 eat /what?/
4 go /where?/
5 meet /who?/
6 do /what?/
7 return /where?/
8 have /what?/
EXERCISE 6
Напишите глагол в форме Present Simple или Past Simple:
1 Kudjo usually /wake/ up at 8 am, but yesterday he /sleep/ till 10 in the morning.
2 Kudjo always /go/ for a walk three times a day, but yesterday he /go/ out only twice.
3 Kudjo never /play/ with other dogs, but yesterday he /run/ after a sheep-dog.
4 Kudjo rarely /take/a nap in the afternoon, but yesterday he /sleep/ all day.
5 Kudjo hardly ever /watch/ cartoons, but yesterday he /watch/ The Simpsons.
6 Kudjo usually /not fight/ with other dogs, but yesterday he /fight/ with a bulldog.
7 Kudjo often /ask/ me for something tasty, but yesterday he even /not look/ at the box with treats.
8 Kudjo /wag/ his tail every time somebody comes up to him, but yesterday he just /sit/ down and /raise/ his paw.
EXERCISE 7
Поставь нужный глагол в пропуск в форме Past Simple:
Once Kudjo /get/ bored and/decide/ to invite his friend Chilly to have a little party at his place. They/go/ to the pet shop and /buy/ a lot of treats and /rush/ home to have a stag night. At first they /watch/ some series about alien dogs and then /play/ aliens.They/jump/ a lot, /play/ football and hide-and-seek and finally /become/ hungry and /open/ the bag with treats. When they /see/ those yummy pieces, they /forget/ about their friendship and /begin/ barking and roaring at each other. It /be/ so loud that a furious neighbor /come/ in, /grasp/ this bag and/threaten/ to splash water over them. He/sound/ so furious that the friends/get/ scared, /stop/ fighting immediately and /lie/ down on the sofa, hungry, tired and offended.

EXERCISE 8
Найдите ошибку и исправьте:
1 Kudjo reads a new book yesterday.
2 Kudjo falled downstairs and got hurt.
3 He is knowing what to do now.
4 Kudjo always bark at the hoover.
5 He don’t go for a walk last night.
6 Did he came home in time yesterday?
7 Kudjo didn’t forgot about the present.
8 Kudjo teached his friend to speak English.
⠀
EXERCISE 9
Отметьте правильный вариант:
1 Look at Kudjo! He ***** to climb the tree.
a is trying
b tries
c tried
2 We **** to the sea last summer.
a took our dogs and flied
b take our dogs and flew
c took our dogs and flew
3 Kudjo ***** salty water in the sea and got sick.
a drinked
b drinks
c drank
4 He usually ***** going by car.
a enjoys
b is enjoying
c enjoyed
5 He ***** to a dog show yesterday.
a went
b goes
c goed
6 Kudjo ***** the champion last month.
a becomed
b became
c becomes
7 Kudjo ***** a little kitten home last night.
a brang
b bringed
c brought
8 Kudjo ***** me make up sentences for the test at the moment.
a help
b is helping
c helped
EXERCISE 10
Переведите предложения, используя Present Simple, Present Continuous и Past Simple:
1 Вчера Куджо поссорился со своим другом из-за игрушки.
2 Они сейчас лежат на полу и слушают новости.
3 Куджо обычно ест 2 раза в день.
4 Как ты провел свои каникулы?
5 Куджо не слышит тебя сейчас. Говори громче.
6 В прошлом году Куджо занял первое место на конкурсе “самая милая мордашка”.
7 Куда ты так бежишь? – Я догоняю свою собаку, которая догоняет нашу кошку.
8 Как часто ты обнимаешь своего питомца?
Unit 5
Past Continuous Tense
Прошедшее продолженное время
Это время используется для обозначения действия, которое длилось в прошлом. Чаще всего эта длительность чем-то зафиксирована. Например, у нас есть конкретное время в прошлом или другое действие произошло в этот момент: At 5 pm yesterday Kudjo was reading a book about people. When he was reading, the light went off.
Время Past Continuous часто используется для создания фона или атмосферы повествования.Th e sun was shining.The birds were singing. The cats were mewing. Kudjo left the house for a walk.
Из примеров уже понятна структура предложения. Она очень похожа на конструкцию Present Continuous, но только глагол to be стоит в форме прошедшего времени – was/were:
подлежащее + was/were + глагол с окончанием ing.
Look at Kudjo
What was he doing at 2 pm yesterday?

He was walking. He was standing on a bench. He was supporting his favorite football team.
EXERCISE 1
Напишите, кто что делал вчера в это время, используя Past Continuous:
For example,
At 5 am we were sleeping.
1 At 7 am I was*****.
2 At 9 am my family were *****.
3 At 11 am my dad was *****.
4 At 2 pm my mum was *****.
5 At 4 pm I was *****.
6 At 6 pm my friend was *****.
7 At 7 pm my neighbors were *****.
8 At 11 pm I was *****.
9 At 2 am everybody was *****.
EXERCISE 2
Давайте придумаем, что каждый делал в тот момент, когда приземлились инопланетяне на вашей улице. Используйте глаголы- подсказки в форме Past Continuous:
For example,
When aliens landed in our yard, we were having lunch.
1 play football
2 cook
3 swim in the pool
4 chase a cat
5 play hide-and-seek
6 grill salmon
7 water strawberries
8 eat raspberries
9 sunbathe
Отрицательное предложение строится таким образом:
подлежащее + was/were + not + глагол с окончанием ing.
He wasn’t frolicking.
В разговорном английском мы используем сокращенные формы wasn’t/ weren’t
EXERCISE 3
Найдите нужный глагол и поставьте его в отрицательную форму: play, fight, walk, look, bark, read, watch, have, hide
That time yesterday…
1 Kudjo ***** a book, he was sleeping on the sofa.
2 Kudjo ***** his favorite series, he was sleeping and having dreams.
3 Kudjo ***** in the park, he was sleeping at home.
4 Kudjo ***** lunch, he was sleeping fast.
5 Kudjo ***** at all, he was sleeping and snoring.
6 Kudjo ***** with another dog, he was sleeping and dreaming about it.
7 Kudjo ***** a bone, he was sleeping with the bone under the pillow.
8 Kudjo ***** football, he was sleeping like a log
9 Kudjo ***** out of the window, he was sleeping under a blanket.

Вопросительные предложения строятся по такому же принципу, как и вопросы в Present Continuous:
(вопросительное слово) + was/were + подлежащее+ глагол с окончанием ing?
What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night?
EXERCISE 4
Поставьте вопрос к выделенному слову:
1 Kudjo was chasing a crow.
2 Kudjo was helping me cook dinner.
3 We were walking in the park.
4 They were fighting because of a ball.
5 Kudjo was lying on the rug.
6 I was writing the book.
7 Kudjo was barking loudly at a garbage-truck.
8 He was sleeping under the table.
9 Kudjo was jumping around a tree to catch a squirrel.
Маркерами для этого времени являются слова и выражения, фиксирующие процесс:
when, while, as, at + время в прошлом. Самый главный маркер while используется для соединения двух одновременных действий:
He was sleeping curled up in a ball while I was working.
EXERCISE 5
Соедините обе части предложения:
1 While I was cooking lunch,
2 When we were walking in the forest,
3 Kudjo was taking a nap
4 I was making up these sentences
5 Kudjo was playing with a ball next to the pool
6 While I was watching a documentary about dogs
7 As I came in,
8 While other dogs were fighting because of the bone,
9 Kudjo was sitting and waiting
a when Kudjo came up with his ideas.
b Kudjo found a hedgehog.
c when a fire alarm went off and frightened him.
d Kudjo was listening to an audiobook about the first people.
e Kudjo was licking clean his bowls.
f while I was looking for his leash.
g Kudjo stole it.
h Kudjo was lying in bed under my favorite duvet.
i when the ball fell in the water.
EXERCISE 6
Напишите, что происходило вокруг вас, когда вы вчера вышли на улицу.
Можете использовать глаголы-подсказки в Past Continuous:
For example, snow – It was snowing heavily outside.
1 run
2 play
3 walk
4 sing
5 chase
6 shout
7 bark
8 drive
9 blow
EXERCISE 7
Поставьте глагол в форму Present Continuous или Past Continuous:
1 Listen! Kudjo / bark/ at something or somebody.
2 He/dig/ under the tree when I saw him.
3 I /sleep/ very fast and didn’t hear him jump onto my bed.
4 I/buy/ some treats for Kudjo when he took a toy from the shelf.
5 Shhhhh. Kudjo is /kip/.
6 Don’t open the drawer. I /hide/ Kudjo’s toys there and he mustn’t see them.
7 We/talk/ about flying to France when Kudjo came up with his passport in his teeth.
8 Kudjo /eat/ my dinner while I /talk/ on the phone in the next room.
9 I didn’t see Chilly because he /shelter/himself under Kudjo.

EXERCISE 8
Найдите ошибки в 7 предложениях:
1 We walking home yesterday when a big fat rat ran into Kudjo.
2 He breaked his leg last winter in a skating-rink.
3 Kudjo was walking me in the park when you called.
4 We are having grilled meat or fish almost every day in summer.
5 Kudjo is try to find something to eat now.
6 When we were on a sea holiday, Kudjo sleeped in the fresh air.
7 Where did you flew last June?
8 I didn’t bought anything for my pet yesterday
9 They were arguing very loudly when Kudjo started barking at them.
Кстати, если вы помните, мы используем Present Continuous с маркером always, чтобы показать недовольство. То же самое происходит в Past Continuous. Например, He always splashes water while drinking звучит нейтрально, а вот He was always splashing water показывает, что нас это раздражает.
EXERCISE 9
Определите в каких предложениях лучше поставить Past Continuous, чтобы выразить недовольство, а где лучше просто Past Simple.
1 Kudjo always / jump/ and /run/ around when he was little.
2 Kudjo always /roll/ in the dirt when he was a puppy!
3 Little Kudjo always /jump/ onto big dogs and they didn’t like it!
4 Little Kudjo always /run/ to everyone to kiss them.
5 Kudjo always /whine/ when he was alone!
6 When Kudjo was little, he always /tear/ new sheets!
7 Kudjo always/ask/ me to let him out when it was necessary.
8 Kudjo always /steal/ food from the table!
9 Kudjo always/smile/ when he was a puppy.
EXERCISE 10
Отметьте правильный вариант:
1 He ***** what to do. He is a clever dog.
a is knowing
b knowed
c knows
2 Kudjo ***** when a mosquito bit him.
a was sleeping
b is sleeping
c slept
3 Kudjo ***** a cat while the cat ***** a rat.
a is chasing/chases
b was chasing/was chasing
c chases/chases
4 Kudjo the piano, but he wants to.
a doesn’t play
b wasn’t playing
c didn’t play
5 At 3 am yesterday Kudjo ***** a dream about the planet of Akita dogs.
a had