The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4

549

Tribes and Castes, vol. i. art. Nikumbh.

550

Rājasthān, ii. p. 417.

551

Mr. Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Nikumbh.

552

Eastern India, ii. p. 919.

553

Rājasthān, i. p. 86.

554

Early History of India, 3rd edition, p. 390.

555

Ibidem, pp. 378, 379.

556

Rājasthān, i. p. 91.

557

Ibidem.

558

Mr. Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Parihār.

559

Early History of India, 3rd edition, p. 389.

560

Ibidem, p. 413.

561

Imperial Gazetteer, art. Bali.

562

Rajasthān, ii. pp. 16, 17.

563

Ibidem, i. p. 81.

564

Ibidem, ii. p. 37.

565

Ibidem, ii. p. 35.

566

J.A.S.B. (1909), vol. v. p. 167.

567

Imperial Gazetteer, loc. cit.

568

Bhandarkar, loc. cit. p. 180.

569

The following extracts from the history of the clan are mainly taken from the article on Udaipur State in the Imperial Gazetteer.

570

Rājasthān, pp. 222, 223.

571

Forbes, Rāsmala i. p. 400.

572

Rajasthān i. pp, 398, 399. The death of the young princess was mainly the work of Amīr Khān Pindāri who brought pressure on the Rāna to consent to it in order to save his state.

573

If the Chalukyas were in the Deccan in the fourth century they could not have originated from the Hun and Gūjar invaders of the fifth and sixth centuries, but must have belonged to an earlier horde.

574

Some Problems of Ancient Indian History, by Dr. Rudolf Hoernle, J.R.A.S. (1905) pp. 1–14.

575

Tribes and Castes, s.v.

576

Ibidem, art. Soiri.

577

Mr Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Tomara.

578

Early History of India, 3rd edition, p. 386.

579

Elliot, Supplemental Glossary, s.v.

580

Mr. Crooke’s Tribes, and Castes, art. Tomara.

581

See also article Jādum for a separate account of the local caste in the Central Provinces.

582

Early History of India, 3rd edition, p. 434.

583

Based on the accounts of Sir H. Risley and Colonel Dalton and a paper by Pandit G.L. Pāthak, Superintendent, Korea State.

584

B. G. Poona, Part I., p. 409.

585

An Account of the Origin and Present Condition of the Tribe of Rāmosis (Bombay, 1833; India Office Tracts. Also published in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science.)

586

This paragraph is mainly compiled from the Nāsik and Poona volumes of the Bombay Gazetteer.

587

Ficus glomerata.

588

Eugenia jambolana.

589

Calotropis gigantea.

590

Bauhinia racemosa.

591

Poona Gazetteer, part i. p. 425.

592

Tribes and Castes, art. Rangrez.

593

Peasant Life in Bihār, p. 101, footnote.

594

Temple and Fallon’s Hindustani Proverbs.

595

Based on Sir H. Risley’s account of the tribe in the Tribes and Castes of Bengal, and on notes taken by Mr. Hīra Lāl at Raigarh.

596

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, vol. ii. App. I.

597

Saccharum spontaneum.

598

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Rautia.

599

This article is based principally on an account of the Sanaurhias written by Mr. C.M. Seagrim, Inspector-General of Police, Indore, and included in Mr. Kennedy’s Criminal Classes of Bombay (1908).

600

Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Sanaurhia.

601

Criminal Classes of Bombay Presidency, pp. 296, 297.

602

Sleeman’s Reports on the Badhaks, p. 327.

603

Mr. Gayer’s Lectures on some Criminal Tribes.

604

Report on the Badhak or Bāgri Dacoits (1849), p. 328.

605

J. Hutton, A Popular Account of the Thugs and Dacoits and Gang-robbers of India (London, 1857).

606

This article is based almost entirely on a description of the Sānsias contained in Colonel Sleeman’s Report on the Badhak or Bāgri Dacoits (1849). Most of the material belongs to a report drawn up at Nāgpur by Mr. C. Ramsay, Assistant Resident, in 1845.

607

Sleeman’s Report on the Badhaks, p. 253.

608

Ibidem, p. 254.

609

Sir D. Ibbetson, Punjab Census Report (1881), para. 577.

610

P. 259.

611

The description of a dacoity is combined from two accounts given at pp. 257, 273 of Colonel Sleeman’s Report.

612

Sorghum vulgare.

613

Made of the bark of the date-palm tied with strips of cloth round some inflammable wood.

614

Sleeman, p. 263.

615

But it is unlucky for a snake to cross one’s path in front.

616

Sleeman, pp. 261, 262.

617

Committee of five persons.

618

Ficus religiosa.

619

The seer = 2 lbs.

620

Criminal Classes in the Bombay Presidency; Sānsias and Berias.

621

Mr. Gayer, Central Provinces Police Lectures; p. 68.

622

This article is mainly based on a paper by Mr. Rāma Prasād Bohidār, Assistant Master, Sambalpur High School.

623

See article Beldār for a notice of the different groups of earth-workers.

624

Said to be derived from their name Waddar.

625

Story of Jasma Odni in Sati Charita Sangrah.

626

This article is principally based on papers by Munshi Gopīnāth, Naib-Tahsīldār, Sonpur, Mr. Kālūrām Pachorē, Assistant Settlement Officer, Sambalpur, and Mr. Hīra Lāl, Assistant Gazetteer Superintendent.

627

Archaeological Reports, vol. xvii. pp. 120, 122.

628

India Census Report (1901), p. 283.

629

Archaeological Reports, vol. xvii. p. 113.

630

Crooke’s Tribes and Castes of N.W.P., art Savara.

631

Tribes and Castes of N.W.P., art. Savara.

632

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Savar.

633

F. glomerata.

634

Bālāghāt Gazetteer, C.E. Low, p. 207.

635

Bhandāra Settlement Report (A.J. Lawrence), p. 49.

636

Major Lucie Smith’s Chānda Settlement Report (1869), p. 105.

637

The following account of the process of gold-washing is taken from Mr. Low’s Bālāghāt Gazetteer, p. 201.

638

This article is compiled from a paper by Mr. Bhāgirath Patnāik, Diwān of Rairākhol, and from notes taken by Mr. Hīra Lāl at Rairākhol.

639

This article is partly based on an article by Mr. Raghunāth Prasād, E.A.C., formerly Deputy Superintendent of Census, with extracts from the late Mr. Nunn’s Monograph on the Gold and Silver Industries, and on information furnished by Krishna Rao, Revenue Inspector, Mandla.

640

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Sunār.

641

Bombay Gazetteer, vol. xvii. p. 134.

642

See articles on Kunbi and Kurmi.

643

Monograph on the Gold and Silverware of the Central Provinces (Mr. H. Nunn, I.C.S.), 1904. The tola is a rupee’s weight, or two-fifths of an ounce.

644

Journal of Indian Art, July 1909, p. 172.

645

From a monograph on rural customs in Saugor, by Major W.D. Sutherland, I.M.S.

646

Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion, i. p. 98.

647

2 King Henry IV. Act IV. Sc. 4.

648

Religion of the Semites, note B., p. 453.

649

Bombay Gazetteer, Poona, App. D., Ornaments.

650

Religion of the Semites, Lecture III.

651

2 lbs.

652

From a paper on Caste Panchāyats, by the Rev. Failbus, C.M.S. Mission, Mandla.

653

Rājendra Lāl Mitra, Indo-Aryans vol. i. p. 231.

654

Introduction to the History of Religion, 3rd ed. p. 172.

655

Monograph, loc. cit.

656

This account is taken from Buchanan’s Eastern India, vol. ii. p. 100.

657

Bombay Gazetteer, vol. xii. p. 71.

658

Temple and Fallon’s Hindustāni Proverbs.

659

Bombay Gazetteer, Hindus of Gujarāt, pp. 199, 200.

660

Pandīan’s Indian Village Folk, p. 41.

661

This article is compiled from a paper by Mr. D. Mitra, pleader, Sambalpur.

662

Madras Census Report, 1891, p. 301.

663

This article is based on information: contributed by Nand Kishore, Nāzir of the Deputy Commissioner’s Office, Damoh; Mr. Tārāchand Dube, Municipal Member, Bilāspur; and Mr. Adurām Chaudhri of the Gazetteer Office.

664

This article is based on papers by Mr. Prem Nārāyan, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Chānda; Mr. Mīr Pacha, Tahsīldār, Seoni; Mr. Chintāman Rao, Tahsīldār, Chanda; and Mr. K.G. Vaidya, Chānda.

665

C.P. Census Report (1911), p. 147, referring to Professor Karl Pearson’s Chances of Death.

666

Tribes and Castes, art. Teli.

667

Bassia latifolia.

668

Hindus of Gujarāt, p. 72.

669

Weighing. 2 oz. each.

670

Phaseolus radiatas.

671

Mr. Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Teli.

672

Acacia arabica.

673

Melia indica.

674

Indian Folk Tales, p. 10.

675

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Teli.

676

Rājasthān, vol. ii. pp. 678, 679.

677

Thevenot’s Travels, Part III. p. 41, quoted in Dr. Sherwood’s account, Rāmaseeāna, p. 359.

678

Sleeman, p. 11.

679

P. 144.

680

P. 162.

681

P. 147.

682

P. 205.

683

Hutton’s Thugs and Dacoits.

684

Sleeman, p. 170.

685

Sleeman, p. 168.

686

He was called Feringia because he was born while his mother was fleeing from an attack on her village by troops under European officers (Feringis).

687

Sleeman, p. 205.

688

Hutton, p. 70.

689

Ibidem, p. 71.

690

Pp. 34, 35.

691

See Cults, Customs and Superstitions of India, p. 249.

692

Pp. 32, 33.

693

Kandeli adjoins the headquarters station of Narsinghpur, the two towns being divided only by a stream.

694

P. 23.

695

Near Bilehri in Jubbulpore.

696

Captain Lowis in Sleeman’s Report on the Thug Gangs (1840).

697

Pp. 15, 16.

698

P. 7.

699

P. 150.

700

Sleeman’s Report on the Thug Gangs, Introduction, p. vi.

701

P. 142.

702

P. 216.

703

‘Oh Kāli, Eater of Men, Oh great Kāli of Calcutta.’ The name Calcutta signifies Kāli-ghāt or Kāli-kota, that is Kāli’s ferry or house. The story is that Job Charnock was exploring on the banks of the Hoogly, when he found a widow about to be burnt as a sacrifice to Kāli. He rescued her, married her, and founded a settlement on the site, which grew into the town of Calcutta.

704

P. 133.

705

P. 173.

706

Orphéus, p. 170.

707

Dhāmoni is an old ruined fort and town in the north of Saugor District, still a favourite haunt of tigers; and the Thugs may often have lain there in concealment and heard the tigers quarrelling in the jungle.

708

Sleeman, p. 196.

709

P. 91.

710

P. 67.

711

P. 100.

712

Orphéus (M. Salomon Reinach), p. 316.

713

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Turi.

714

North Arcot Manual, i. p. 216.

715

Indian Antiquary (1879), p. 216.

716

This article is compiled from papers by Mr. W.A. Tucker, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Bhandāra, and Mr. B.M. Deshmukh, Pleader, Chānda.

717

Buchanan, Eastern India, i. p. 186.

718

Rand = widow or prostitute.

719

The term Kunwar is a title applied to the eldest son of a chief.

720

Bombay Gazetteer, vol. xviii. p. 185.

721

Nagpur Settlement Report, p. 27.

722

This article is partly based on a paper by Pandit Pyāre Lāl Misra, ethnographic clerk.

723

Vol. xx. pp. 189–190.

724

Bombay Gazetteer; vol. xxii. p. 212.

725

Madras Census Report (1891).

726

Madras Census Report (1901).

727

Bombay Gazetteer, vol. xxi. pp. 170, 171.

728

Tribes and Castes of Southern India, art. Korava.

729

North Arcot Manual, p. 247.

730

Ind. Ant. vol. iii., 1874, p. 157.