Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 3 of 3

246

Ibid. pp. 96, 98.

247

Il. ii. 198.

248

Ibid. 190, 200.

249

vv. 271-8.

250

Il. ii. 270.

251

Il. xviii. 502.

252

Il. vii. 381.

253

Sup. p. 100.

254

Od. iii. 139.

255

Od. ii. 212.

256

Od. ii. 239-41.

257

Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 57.

258

Od. ii. 257. Il. i. 305.

259

Od. vii. 151.

260

Od. vii. 189-94, 317.

261

Od. viii. 7-15.

262

The number deserves remark. Fifty, as we know from the Catalogue, was a regular ship’s crew of rowers. What were the two? Probably a commander, and a steersman. The dual is used in both the places where the numbers are mentioned (κρινάσθων, ver. 36, κρινθέντε, 48, βήτην, 49). There are other passages where the dual extends beyond the number two, to three and four. See Nitzsch, in loc. But the use of it here with so large a number is remarkable, and may be best explained by supposing that it refers to the δύω, who were the principal men of the crew, and that the fifty are not regarded as forming part of the subject of the verb. If this be so, the passage shows us in a very simple form the rudimentary nautical order of the Greek ships.

263

Od. viii. 38.

264

Od. viii. 158-64.

265

Od. viii. 157.

266

Probably the strictly proper name of the Assembly, as distinguished from the place of meeting, is ἄγυρις or πανήγυρις (as Od. iii. 131), but the name common to the two prevails.

267

Od. xxiv. 463.

268

Od. xxiv. 546.

269

Besides all the particulars which have been cited, we have incidental notices scattered about the poems, which tend exactly in the same direction. For example, when Chryses prays for the restitution of his daughter, his petition is addressed principally to the two Atridæ, but it is likewise addressed to the whole body of Ἀχαιοὶ (Il. i. 15), that is, either to the entire army, or at any rate to all the kings; or, to all the members of the Achæan race. This we may compare with the application of the prayer of Ulysses in Scheria to the king and people.

270

Il. viii. 28, 9. ix. 430, 1.

271

Il. viii. 38-40.

272

Il. i. 5.

273

Il. iv. 17-19.

274

Od. ii. 68, 9.

275

Il. xviii. 497.

276

Il. xi. 807.

277

Od. ix. 112-15.

278

Tittmann Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 56.

279

Il. ix. 404.

280

Achæis, or Ethnology, sect. ix. p. 496.

281

Il. viii. 47, 8.

282

Il. iii. 298.

283

Il. iv. 48.

284

Il. xxi. 442 seqq. vii. 459. xii. 17.

285

Olympus, sect. iii. p. 197.

286

Il. vi. 298-300. 305-10.

287

Il. v. 446.

288

Il i. 37-9.

289

Il. vii. 540. xiii. 827.

290

Il. i. 457.

291

Il. v. 49.

292

Il. v. 421-5. 348-51. iii. 405-9.

293

Il. v. 9. and 20-4.

294

Il. xiv. 490.

295

Il. iii. 103. 116.

296

Il. xviii. 239.

297

Il. xxiv. 234-5.

298

Il. vi. 289-92.

299

Herod. ii. 50.

300

Döllinger Heid. u. Jud. VI. iii. p. 411.

301

Rhea (ἔρα) shows us the fourth and cosmogonic side of the same conception.

302

Olympus, sect. iii. p. 234.

303

Il. xiv. 490.

304

Il. xxiv. 194.

305

Olympus, sect. v.

306

Il. xxiv. 347, 355, 358-60.

307

Il. v. 77.

308

Il. ix. 575.

309

Od. xv. 223 and seqq.

310

Il. xxi. 331 and seqq.

311

Il. xx. 7.

312

Il. xxi. 130-2.

313

Il. iv. 474, 488.

314

Il. v. 49.

315

Od. v. 445.

316

Il. xxiii. 144.

317

Il. xi. 728.

318

Il. xx. 221.

319

Il. iii. 147-9. xv. 525-7.

320

Il. xiv. 271. xv. 37.

321

Il. 2. 751-5.

322

Compare Il. iii. 276. xix. 258.

323

Il. xx. 74.

324

Il. xxi. 308.

325

Od. xiii. 356.

326

Od. xiii. 103.

327

Ibid. 96.

328

Od. xvii. 208-11.

329

Il. vi. 21.

330

Il. xiv. 444.

331

Il. xx. 384.

332

Il. xxii. 435. xxiv. 209.

333

Il. ix. 559.

334

Il. xix. 90-133.

335

Il. xxiv. 602-17.

336

Od. xx. 66.

337

Od. xxi. 295-304.

338

Il. v. 697, and vii. 60.

339

Il. xxiv. 220.

340

Il. xxiv. 223, 194.

341

Sup. p. 155.

342

Il. vi. 422. xxii. 482.

343

Od. ix. 65.

344

Od. xi. 51.

345

Il. iii. 276.

346

Il. xix. 258.

347

Il. xiv. 271-4, 278, 9.

348

Il. xv. 36-40.

349

Od. v. 184.

350

Il. iii 264-75.

351

Wordsworth’s Excursion, b. iv.

352

Il. xxii. 171.

353

Il. ix. 404. Ld. Aberdeen’s Essay, p. 86.

354

Od. xii. 345.

355

Od. vi. 10; vii. 56.

356

Il. i. 39.

357

In loc.

358

Terpstra, c. iii. 4.

359

Il. xi. 807, 8.

360

Od. iii. 438. xii. 347.

361

Od. xv. 224 et seqq.

362

Od. xi. 150.

363

Od. xxii. 310-29. xxi. 144.

364

Od. ix. 197-201.

365

Il. xxiv. 221.

366

Il. xvi. 235.

367

Il. ii. 400.

368

Il. xi. 807, 8.

369

Od. xvii. 384-6.

370

Il. ix. 535.

371

Legg. vi. 7.

372

Il. i. 28.

373

Il. i. 62.

374

Il. i. 15.

375

Il. xvi. 235.

376

Od. ix. 205.

377

Döllinger, Heid. u. Jud. iv. 1.

378

Plat. Legg. vi. 7. (ii. 759.)

379

Il. i. 62.

380

Il. xxiv. 22.

381

Il. i. 23.

382

Il. v. 9.

383

Ibid. 76.

384

Il. i. 11.

385

Od. xxii. 322.

386

Il. vi. 298.

387

Il. xvi. 604.

388

Il. xxiv. 221.

389

Od. ix. 196-9.

390

Ibid. 199-201.

391

Il. i. 458, 462.

392

Od. ix. 205.

393

Il. v. 9, 78.

394

Il. xxii. 170. xxiv. 168.

395

Il. xx. 298.

396

Il. iv. 48.

397

Od. i. 61.

398

Il. ix. 523.

399

Od. iii. 131.

400

Ibid. 164.

401

Ibid. 135.

402

Il. vii. 450.

403

Ibid. 459.

404

Il. xii. 3, 9.

405

Acts xvii. 22.

406

Il. iii. 451-4.

407

Il. iv. 220.

408

Il. iii. 444.

409

See inf. Aoidos, sect. vi.

410

Il. ii. 589.

411

Düntzer, pp. 9-16. Fragm. iv. xi. xv.

412

Il. vi. 352.

413

Il. iii. 428-36, and vi. 351.

414

Il. vi. 356.

415

Il. iii. 453.

416

Il. vii. 354-64, and xi. 123.

417

Il. iii. 46-53.

418

Ibid. 68-75.

419

Ibid. 351-4.

420

Il. ii. 588-90.

421

Il. xiii. 620-7.

422

Od. xxi. 146. xxiii. 67. xiii. 193. xxii. 64. See Olympus, sect. ii. p. 162.

423

Od. xiii. 258 et seqq.

424

See Il. iii. 139. Od. iv. 259-61.

425

Il. iii. 354.

426

Vid. Od. xxi. 22-30.

427

Il. iii. 46-57.

428

Il. iii. 57.

429

Greek Lit. vol. i. p. 339.

430

Il. v. 269.

431

Il. iii. 105.

432

Il. xi. 139.

433

Il. xxiv. 30.

434

Sup. p. 162.

435

Od. v. 121.

436

Od. xi. 572.

437

Od. v. 128.

438

Il. iii. 154-60.

439

Od. xviii. 160-212.

440

Lit. Greece, vol. i. p. 341 and seqq.

441

Il. xxiv. 493-7.

442

Il. vi. 248.

443

See particularly vi. 87 and seqq. 364 and seqq.

444

Possibly one of these is νόθος, illegitimate: for they are together in the same chariot, as Antiphus and Isus were. One of the two would be the charioteer; who was commonly, though not always, an inferior.

445

Il. xxii. 51, 3.

446

Il. xx. 407. xxi. 79, 95.

447

Il. xxi. 88.

448

Il. v. 71.

449

Il. vii. 298. xi. 224.

450

Tac. Germ. c. 18.

451

Od. i. 35.

452

Od. xxii. 37.

453

Il. xxii. 370.

454

Il. xxiv. 632.

455

Il. xii. 94. and Od. iv. 276. See also the case of Euphorbus, Il. xvii. 51.

456

The sense of ἄριστος in Homer, though emphatic, is not absolute.

457

Il. iii. 106.

458

See Il. v. 482.

459

Il. xii. 319.

460

Il. vi. 207.

461

Il. vi. 193.

462

On the ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν, see Achæis, sect. ix.

463

xx. 180.

464

Idyll. xv. 139.

465

Il. xxiv. 496. vi. 252.

466

Il. xx. 240.

467

Il. xxii. 56, 433, 507. xxiv. 29.

468

Il. vi. 402, and xxii. 506.

469

Il. vi. 477.

470

Il. vi. 313, 317, 370.

471

Ibid. 242-50.

472

Il. xxiv. 765.

473

Il. vi. 426-8.

474

Il. xxii. 363.

475

Il. xxiv. 725.

476

Possibly Horace meant to convey this opinion in the words Quid Paris? ut salvus regnet, vivatque beatus, Cogi posse negat. Epist. I. ii. 10.

477

Achæis, sect. ix. p. 492.

478

One only of the epithets of the word Ilios seems to point out that it may too mean the district. It is εὔπωλος, used Il. v. 551, and in four other places.

479

Il. xx. 230.

480

Ibid. 189.

481

Il. ii. 815. So likewise Il. vi. 111. xiii. 755. xvii. 14. xviii. 229.

482

Ver. 816.

483

Ver. 819.

484

Ver. 824-6.

485

Ver. 828.

486

ii. 681.

487

Il. xxiv. 543-5.

488

Il. xv. 548.

489

Il. iv. 99.

490

P. 585.

491

Il. xiii. 463.

492

See Il. iv. 197, 207. xv. 485.

493

Strabo xiii. 7. p. 584.

494

Il. x. 428-30.

495

Od. xi. 519-22.

496

Il. ii. 808. viii. 489.

497

Il. xvii. 223-6.

498

Il. ii. 795.

499

Il. vii. 379.

500

Il. viii. 489, 542.

501

Il. vii. 414-7.

502

Il. xi. 138.

503

Ibid. 123.

504

Il. xii. 211-14.

505

Il. xi. 37.

506

Il. xx. 232.

507

Il. iii. 150.

508

Il. ii. 796.

509

Od. viii. 170, 5, 7.

510

Il. xiii. 726-34.

511

Il. iii. 2, 8.

512

Il. iv. 429.

513

Ibid. 436.

514

Od. iv. 258.

515

Il. xv. 546-51.

516

Il. xx. 188.

517

Il. xxi. 37. 77.

518

Il. xi. 105.

519

Il. ii. 821. v. 313.

520

Il. vi. 25.

521

Il. xvi. 422.

522

Il. xvii. 336.

523

Il. v. 787. viii. 228. et alibi.

524

Æn. xi. 286.

525

Achæis, or Ethnology; sect. vii. p. 336.

526

Il. ii. 645-80.

527

Il. xiv. 225-30. xiii. 10-16, 33. xiv. 281. xxiv. 78, 753, 434. Od. iii. 169-72.

528

Il. xiv. 225-30. Od. v. 50.

529

Forbiger thinks he knew the southern coast of the Black sea to a certain extent. Handbuch der Alten Geographie, sect. 4. p. 10.

530

Il. xii. 17-24.

531

Il. xiv. 280-4.

532

Il. xxiv. 543-6.

533

Il. vi. 184.

534

Achæis, or Ethnology, sect. iv. p. 235.

535

Il. ii. 844, 5.

536

Od. iv. 83.

537

Od. i. 105.

538

Sup. Ethnology, sect. iv.

539

Ibid.

540

Od. iii. 320-2.

541

Od. xiv. 243.

542

On Od. iv. 354.

543

Od. iii. 299.

544

See Ethnology, sect. iv. p. 304.

545

Hes. Theog. 1011-15.

546

Müller’s Orchomenos, p. 274.

547

Il. xii. 239, 40.

548

Od. x. 190-2.

549

Wood (Genius of Homer, p. 23,) says, ‘only four,’ meaning only four winds. But it is pretty clear that Homer’s four winds were not at anything like ninety degrees from one another. There is in Homer no word meaning strictly either south, or north. Daksha, however, from whence is derived δεξιὸς, means southerly as well as on the right: but probably S. E. rather than S. Pott, Etymolog. Forschungen, II. 186, 7.

550

Od. xii. 427.

551

Il. xxiii. 194.

552

Od. iv. 565-9.

553

Il. ix. 4.

554

Il. xxiii. 194, 212.

555

Il. ii. 144-6, 147-9.

556

The arrangement of these similes tells powerfully against the ingenious argument of Mr. Wood concerning the birthplace of Homer. Genius of Homer, pp. 7-33.

557

See General Reid’s Law of Storms and Variable Winds. London. 1849.

558

Buttmann. Lexil. voc. κέλαινος.

559

Il. xxiii. 214.

560

Il. xxiii. 214, as above.

561

Od. xiv. 253.

562

Il. xiv. 255. xv. 26.

563

Od. xix. 200.

564

Od. ix. 81.

565

Il. ii. 144-6. xvi. 765. Od. v. 330. xii. 326.

566

Friedreich has discussed the winds of Homer (Realien der Il. und Od. §. 3). His results are to me unsatisfactory: but the fault seems to lie in his basis. For (1) he fixes the four Winds of Homer as the four cardinal points: and (2) he finds data for ascertaining the Winds in the Passages of the Outer Geography, instead of determining those Passages themselves by the Winds, after these latter have been ascertained from evidence belonging to the sphere of Homer’s own experience.

567

Liddell and Scott in voc.

568

Od. xi. 13-16. xii. 1-4.

569

See Friedreich, Realien, §. 9. p. 19.

570

Il. ix. 362.

571

Od. xiv. 301.

572

Ibid. 310-15.

573

Od. v. 249-51.

574

Od. vii. 325.

575

Od. xiii. 81, 86.

576

On this hypothesis is founded the Homeric Erdkarte of Forbiger, Handbuch der Alt. Geogr. I. 4.

577

Il. xiii. 1.

578

Od. vii. 19-26.

579

Od. v. 43-58.

580

Il. xiv. 225-30.

581

Od. xxiv. 11.

582

Od. iv. 83-5.

583

Od. xii. 325, 427.

584

Od. v. 485. x. 25. xii. 407.

585

Od. xi. 13, 21.

586

Od. X. 507.

587

Od. xii. 3.

588

Ibid. 39, 167.

589

Ibid. 56.

590

Ibid. 109, 10.

591

Od. i. 75. xii. 373 et seqq.

592

Od. xi. 104-7.

593

Od. xii. 127.

594

Quart. Rev. vol. 102. p. 324.

595