Shinto

305

Nihongi, ii. 82.

306

See above, p. 294.

307

Koyane. Hirata speaks with scorn of the Chinese methods of divining current in Japan in later times, in which no invocation of the Gods was used. Sometimes other Gods, and even Buddhas, were invoked.

308

"The King of Babylon stood at the parting of the way, at the head of the two ways, to perform divination." – Ezekiel xxi. 21.

309

Pausanias says that in ancient Greece the inquirer, after asking his question of the God and making his offering, took as the divine answer the first words he might hear on quitting the sanctuary.

310

The date of the festival of the Sahe no Kami.

311

See above, p. 193.

312

The Kami-yori-ita (God-resort-board), struck in later times to bring down the Gods, is believed to be a substitute for this harp.

313

It is not known who these Gods were.

314

Smaller gohei used in the harahi ceremony.

315

Weston, 'Mountaineering in the Japanese Alps,' p. 307. See also Index, Inugami; and Mr. Chamberlain's 'Things Japanese,' third edition, p. 110.

316

Compare the story of Gideon's fleece in Judges vi. 37. See also Nihongi, I. 237, and Ch. K. 194.

317

'Sociology,' i. 154.

318

See Mr. P. Lowell's 'Occult Japan,' p. 36.

319

Kannushi.

320

Saniha (pure court) is explained as the official who examines the utterances prompted by the Deity.

321

At the battle of Dannoüra, in 1184.

322

In-musubi, a Chinese practice.

323

A Buddhist religious implement.

324

A Buddhist deity. The incense is also Buddhist.

325

See above, p. 332.

326

An excellent account of a Japanese hypnotic séance is given in Mr. Weston's 'Mountaineering in the Japanese Alps,' p. 282.

327

See above, p. 350.

328

"Antiquity regarded the soul of woman as more accessible to every sort of inspiration, which also, according to ancient opinion, is a πάσχεον." – Müller, 'Sc. Myth.,' p. 217.

329

See above, p. 206.

330

See above, p. 344.

331

For an account of Japanese Buddhism, consult Murray's 'Japan,' or the more comprehensive description in Griffis's 'Religions of Japan.'

332

See above, p. 175.

333

The novelist Bakin, who cannot be charged with priestcraft, says: "Shinto reverences the way of the Sun; the Chinese philosophers honour Heaven; the teaching of Shaka fails not to make the Sun a deity. Among differences of doctrine the fundamental principle is the same."

334

In the old Shinto, Ne no kuni, or Hades, is not a place of punishment for the wicked. Here it stands for the Jigoku, or Hell, of the Buddhists.

335

That is, Nature-a Chinese idea.

336

This is Chinese.

337

A Buddhist designation.

338

And therefore unclean.

339

See above, p. 179.

340

As Sugahara himself was.

341

See above, p. 155.

342

See above, p. 177.

343

Alluding to the inner and outer shrines of Ise.

344

For a full account of the Revival of Pure Shinto, see Sir E. Satow's papers contributed to the T. A. S. J. in 1875. Our knowledge of Shinto dates from this time.

345

An interesting account of this sect is given in a paper by Dr. Greene in the T. A. S. J., December, 1895.

346

See papers by Dr. Greene and Rev. A. Lloyd in the T. A. S. J., 1901.