Collins Spurrell Welsh Dictionary Pocket Edition: trusted support for learning

COPYRIGHT

Published by Collins

An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

Westerhill Road

Bishopbriggs

Glasgow G64 2QT

Fourth Edition 2017

© HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2006, 2009, 2017

Collins® is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Publishers Limited

www.collinsdictionary.com

Typeset by Sharon McTeir

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

Entered words that we have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been designated as such. However, neither the presence nor absence of such designation should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark.

The contents of this publication are believed correct at the time of creation. Nevertheless, the Publisher can accept no responsibility for errors or omissions, changes in the detail given or for any expense or loss thereby caused.

HarperCollins does not warrant that any website mentioned in this title will be provided uninterrupted, that any website will be error-free, that defects will be corrected, or that the website or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or bugs. For full terms and conditions please refer to the site terms provided on the website.

If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online.

E-mail:

[e-mail]

facebook.com/collinsdictionary

@collinsdict

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.

E-book Edition © July 2017

ISBN 9780008204297

Version: 2017-06-16

CONTENTS

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

Notes on the pronunciation of Welsh

Mutations

Abbreviations

WELSH-ENGLISH

Welsh Grammar

ENGLISH-WELSH

About the Publisher

INTRODUCTION

The first Spurrell Welsh-English dictionary appeared in 1848 published by William Spurrell (1813–89) the Carmarthen printer and publisher. One of his sons, Walter Spurrell (1858–1934), joined his father in the business and the family firm published a series of distinguished Welsh-English, English-Welsh dictionaries and influential Welsh grammars during the latter part of the nineteenth century and the first half of the last century. William Spurrell was advised by and well-acquainted with Daniel Silvan Evans (1818–1903), one of the father figures of Welsh lexicography, sometime lecturer in Welsh at St David’s University College, Lampeter and the first professor of Welsh to be appointed by the University of Wales.

The Collins-Spurrell Welsh Dictionary was first published in 1960 and quickly became an essential tool of general reference for Welsh learners as well as those anxious to interpret literature. It was edited by Henry Lewis, Professor of Welsh Language and Literature at University College, Swansea, with valuable contributions from the staff of the Department of Welsh Language and Literature at St David’s University College, Lampeter.

D A THORNE

NOTES ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF WELSH

VOWELS

They are sounded, long or short, as the vowels in the English words given below.

A palm, pat. E gate (without diphthongization), get. I feet, fit. O more, not. U (1) North Wales: like French u or German ü without rounding lips. (2) South Wales: as I. W cool, full. Y (1) In monosyllables generally, and in final syllables, as U (the ‘clear’ sound). (2) In all but final syllables, and in y, yr (the), fy (my), dy (thy), yn, yng, ym (in), the adverbial yn, the preverbal and relative particle y, yr (y’m, y’th etc), syr (sir), nyrs (nurse), as English fun, (the ‘obscure’ sound).

DIPHTHONGS

1 Falling diphthongs, in which the second sound is consonantal: the two vowels have the sound noted above: ae, oe, ai, oi, the diphthong ei as English by, aw, ew, iw, ow, uw, ŵy, yw. 2 Rising diphthongs, in which the first sound is consonantal: ia, ie, io, iw, iy, (‘obscure’ y); wa, we, wi, wo, wy, (‘clear’ y), wy, (‘obscure’ y).

CONSONANTS

Only those which differ from English need to be noted.

CH (following C in the alphabet), as Scottish loch. DD (following D in the alphabet), as th in English this, breathe. F as English v. FF as English f. G always as in English go. NG (following G in the alphabet), as in English sing. In some words (e.g. dangos), however, it is sounded ng-g, as in English longer. Alphabetically this follows after N. LL produced by placing the tongue to pronounce l, then emitting breath without voice. PH (following P in the alphabet), as English f. TH always as th in English thin.

ACCENT

Welsh words are generally accented on the last syllable but one. There are certain exceptions:

1 The reduplicated personal pronouns myfi, tydi, efe, efô, hyhi, nyni, chwychwi, hwynt-hwy, accented on the final syllable. 2 Verbs in -(h)au, -(h)oi, -eu, accented on the final syllable. 3 A few dissyllabic words beginning y + consonant, accented on the final syllable. 4 Certain polysyllabic words with a diphthong resulting in contraction in the final syllable, such as Cymraeg. 5 Some borrowed words accented as in the language of origin, generally English.

MUTATIONS

Mutations, or letter changes, can occur at the beginning of Welsh words. Mutations are caused by the preceding word. There are three different mutations:

Llythyren wreiddiol Treiglad meddal Treiglad trwynol Treiglad llaes Original letter Soft mutation Nasal mutation Aspirate mutation changes to: changes to: changes to: P b mh ph t d nh th c g ngh ch b f m d dd n g - ng ll l m f rh r

COMMON WORDS CAUSING SOFT MUTATION – TREIGLAD MEDDAL

ei his dy your dau / dwy two (masculine / feminine) pa which neu or rhy too yn before an adjective Adjectives which come before the noun: For example: Mae’r hen ddyn yn byw yn y tŷ. The old man lives in the house. Dyma fy hoff gân. This is my favourite song. Some prepositions: For example: Mae’r bws yn mynd i Gaerdydd. The bus is going to Cardiff. Maen nhw’n chwarae dros dîm yr ysgol. They play for the school team. Certain words which come before a feminine noun: y and ’r the un one Mae castell yn y dref. There’s a castle in town. Mae’r ddinas wedi gwella. The city has improved. Dim ond un broblem sydd ar ôl. There’s only one problem left. Any feminine noun which has an adjective immediately after it: merch dda a good girl

COMMON WORDS CAUSING NASAL MUTATION – TREIGLAD TRWYNOL

fy my yn in

COMMON WORDS CAUSING ASPIRATE MUTATION – TREIGLAD LLAES

a and â as/to/with chwe six ei her gyda with tri three tua approximately

ABBREVIATIONS BYRFODDAU abbreviation abbr byrfodd adjective adj ansoddair anatomy Anat anatomeg automobile Aut moduro auxiliary verb aux vb berf atodol British English BRIT Saesneg Prydain collective noun coll n enw torfol computing Comput cyfrifiadureg conjunction conj cysylltiad contraction contr cywasgiad cookery Culin coginio definite article def art bannod bendant demonstrative dem dangosol emphatic emphat pwyslais exclamation excl ebychiad formal form ffurfiol (phrasal verb) where fus (berf ymadroddol) the particle is lle na all y inseparable rhangymeriad gael ei wahanu imperative imper gorchmynnol indefinite article indef art bannod amhendant indeterminate indeter amhenderfynadwy colloquial usage inf(!) defnydd llafar (offensive) (anweddus) grammar, Ling gramadeg, linguistics ieithyddiaeth masculine m gwrywaidd mathematics Math mathemateg medical term Med term meddygol modal auxiliary verb mod aux vb berf atodol moddol music Mus cerddoriaeth noun n enw noun dual nd enw deuol number num rhif old-fashioned old hen ffasiwn derogatory, pej difrïol pejorative plural pl lluosog past participle pp rhangymeriad gorffennol politics Pol gwleidyddiaeth prefix pref rhagddodiad preposition prep arddodiad pronoun pron rhagenw past tense pt amser gorffennol relative rel perthynol singular sing unigol Telecommunications Tel Telathrebu American English US Saesneg America verb vb berf impersonal verb vb imper berf amhersonol intransitive verb vi berf gyflawn transitive verb vt berf anghyflawn

WELSH–ENGLISH

A

B

C

CH

D

E

F

FF

G

H

I

J

L

LL

M

N

O

P

R

RH

S

T

TH

U

W

Y

a

a1 interrogative particle, preverbal particle, rel pron who, that, which

a2, ac conj and

a3 excl ah, oh

â1, ag conj as

â2, ag prep with

ab, ap nm son (before name, in place of surname, like ‘Mac’)

abad (-au) nm abbot

abadaeth (-au) nf abbacy, abbotship

abades (-au) nf abbess

abatir (-oedd) nm abbey-land

abaty (abatai) nm abbey

aber (-oedd, ebyr) nm confluence; mouth of river, estuary; brook, stream

aberfa (-oedd) nf mouth of river, estuary

abergofiant nm forgetfulness, oblivion

aberth (-au, ebyrth) nm sacrifice

aberthged nf oblation; offering of fruits

aberthol adj sacrificial

aberthu vb to sacrifice

aberthwr (-wyr) nm sacrificer

aberu vb to flow into

abid nmf apparel; dress of religious order

abiéc nmf alphabet

abl adj able; well-off

abladol adj ablative

abledd nm ability; plenty

abrwysg adj clumsy, drunken

absen nm absence; slander

absennol adj absent

absennu vb to backbite, to slander

absennwr (absenwyr) nm backbiter

absenoldeb nm absence

absenoli vb to absent

absenoliaeth (-au) nf absenteeism

abwyd, abwydyn (abwydod) nm worm; fishing-bait

ac, a conj and

academaidd adj academic

academi (-ïau) nm academy

acen (-ion) nf accent

aceniad nm accentuation

acennod nm accent mark

acennu vb to accent, to stress

acenyddiaeth nf accentuation

acer (-i) nf acre

aciwbigiad (-au) nm acupuncture

acne nm acne

acrilig adj acrylic

act (-au) nf act

actio vb to act

actor (-ion) nm actor

actores (-au) nf actress

acw adv there, yonder

ach1 excl ugh

ach2 (-au, -oedd) nf degree of kinship; (pl) pedigree, ancestry

aches nm tide, flood; eloquence

achfre nmf see achwre

achlân adv wholly, entirely

achles (-oedd) nf succour, protection; manure

achlesol adj succouring

achlesu vb to succour, to cherish

achlod nm shame, disgrace

achlust nm rumour

achlysur (-on) nm occasion

achlysurol adj occasional

achos1 (-ion) nm cause, case

achos2 conj because, for

achosi vb to cause

achres (-i, -au) nf genealogical table

achub vb to seize, to snatch; to save, to rescue; achub y blaen to forestall; achub y cyfle to seize the opportunity

achubiaeth nf salvation

achubol adj saving

achubwr (-wyr), achubydd (-ion) nm saviour, rescuer

achul adj thin, emaciated

achwre, achfre nmf under-thatch, protection; covering, garment

achwyn vb to complain ▶ nm (-ion) complaint, plaint

achwyniad (-au) nm complaint, accusation

achwynwr (-wyr) nm complainer; complainant, plaintiff

achwynyddes (-au) nf complainant

achydd (-ion) nm genealogist

achyddiaeth nf genealogy

achyddol adj genealogical

achwyngar adj querulous

ad- prefix very; second; bad, re-

adail nf building, edifice, structure

adain, aden (adenydd) nf wing; fin; spoke

adamant nm adamant, diamond

adamantaidd adj adamantine

adar npl (nm aderyn) birds, fowls; adar drudwy, adar yr eira starlings; adar y to sparrows

adara vb to catch birds, to fowl

adardy (-dai) nm aviary

adareg nf ornithology

adargi (-gwn) nm retriever, setter, spaniel

adargraffiad (-au) nm reprint

adarwr (-wyr) nm fowler

adarwriaeth nf fowling

adarydd (-ion) nm ornithologist

adarydda n birdwatching ▶ vb to go birdwatching

adaryddiaeth nf ornithology

ad-dalu vb to repay, to requite

ad-drefnu vb to rearrange

adeg (-au) nf time, occasion, opportunity

adeilad (-au) nmf building, edifice

adeiladaeth nf building; edification, construction

adeiladol adj edifying, constructive

adeiladu vb to build, to edify

adeiladwaith nm construction

adeiladwr (-wyr), adeiladydd (-ion) nm builder

adeiledd nm structure

adeiniog adj winged

aden (-ydd, edyn) nf wing; see also adain

adenedigaeth nf regeneration

adeni vb to regenerate

adennill vb to regain, to recover

aderyn (adar) nm bird

adfach (-au) nm barb; liver-fluke

adfail (-feilion) nm ruin

adfeddiannu vb to repossess

adfeiliad nm decay, ruin

adfeiliedig adj decayed, in ruins

adfeilio vb to decay, to moulder

Adfent nm Advent

adfer, adferu, adferyd vb to restore

adferf (-au) nf adverb

adferfol adj adverbial

adferiad nm restoration

adferol adj restorative; remedial

adferwr (-wyr) nm restorer

adflas nm after-taste, bad taste

adfyd nm adversity

adfydus adj adverse, miserable

adfynach nm renegade monk

adfyw adj half alive, half dead

adfywhau vb to revive, to reanimate

adfywiad (-au) nm revival

adfywio vb to revive, to resuscitate

adfywiol adj refreshing

adiad nm drake

adio nm addition ▶ vb to add

adiolyn (adiolion) nm additive

adladd, adlodd nm aftermath

adlais (-leisiau) nm echo

adlam (-au) nm home; rebound; cic adlam drop-kick

adlamu vb to rebound

adleisio vb to resound

adlewyrch, adlewyrchiad (adlewyrchiadau) nm reflection

adlewyrchu vb to reflect

adlewyrchydd (-ion) nm reflector

adlog (-au) nm compound interest

adloniadol adj of or for entertainment

adloniant nm recreation, entertainment

adlonni vb to entertain, to refresh

adlunio vb to remodel, to reconstruct

adnabod vb to know, to recognize

adnabyddiaeth nf knowledge, acquaintance

adnabyddus adj known, familiar; well-known

adnabyddwr nm knower

adnau (adneuon) nm deposit, pledge; ar adnau on deposit

adneuo vb to deposit

adneuol adj depositing

adneuwr (-wyr) nm depositor

adnewyddadwy adj renewable

adnewyddiad (-au) nm renewal, renovation