Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1831-1835

CHARLES JOHN, King of Sweden (1764-1844). General Bernadotte, Prince de Ponte Corvo, Marshal of France. He married Mlle. Clary, sister of Joseph Bonaparte's wife. After the death of Charles XIII. of Sweden, by whom he had been adopted, he became in 1818 King of Sweden and Norway.

CHARLOTTE, Princess of Prussia (1798-1860). Daughter of King Frederick William III. Married in 1817 the Grand Duke Nicolas of Russia, who succeeded his brother Alexander I. on the throne.

CHATEAUBRIAND, François René, Vicomte de (1768-1848). One of the most illustrious of the French authors of the nineteenth century. He was intimate with many women celebrated for their talent, their grace, or their beauty. Under the Restoration he was for some years in the diplomatic service, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs had much to do with the Spanish war of 1822.

CHATILLON-MONTMORENCY, Duc de, husband of Mlle. Lannois. He perished in the wreck of the frigate Blanche at the mouth of the Elbe.

CHODRON, Jules (1804-1870). Son of M. de Talleyrand's notary. M. de Talleyrand obtained for him the grant of the name Courcel from King Louis-Philippe. He entered the diplomatic service, in which he attained an honourable and distinguished position. His son was for several years Ambassador at Berlin and London.

CHOISEUL-STAINVILLE, Etienne François, Duc de (1719-1785). A French statesman, Ambassador, and afterwards Minister from 1758 to 1770 under Louis XV. He was responsible for the conclusion of the Family Compact. He was overthrown by a Court intrigue because he would not give way to Madame Dubarry. Banished to his estate of Chanteloup, he received there, in spite of the King, many tokens of public esteem. He married Mlle. Crozat du Châtel, who paid the debts which her husband's generosity had led him to contract, and passed the last years of her life, after becoming a widow, in a poor convent at Paris.

CLANRICARDE, Marquess of (1802-1874). An English politician. Married in 1825 the daughter of George Canning, and was in the following year summoned to the House of Lords. He was Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs in 1826, Ambassador to Russia from 1838 to 1841, Postmaster-General from 1846 to 1852, and Lord Privy Seal in 1857.

CLANRICARDE, Lady. Died 1876. Henrietta, only daughter of George Canning; wife of Lord Clanricarde.

CLARENCE, Duchess of (1792-1849).

CLARENDON, Edward Hyde, Earl of (1608-1674). An English Minister and historian. In the Civil War, under Charles I., he took the Royalist side. Charles II. made him Lord Chancellor. He retired to France, and died at Rouen.

CLARENDON, Earl of (1800-1870). British Minister at Madrid in 1833. Afterwards President of the Board of Trade and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1853 he became Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, represented England at the Congress of Paris in 1856, and was afterwards Ambassador to Italy in 1868.

COBBETT, William (1766-1835). An English demagogue. He spent several years in the United States, and on his return to England in 1804 he edited a Radical journal, which was often prosecuted. In 1832 he was elected to the House of Commons, where he was a warm supporter of Parliamentary Reform.

COBURG, Prince Ferdinand of (1816-1888). He was the second husband of Queen Doña Maria da Gloria, whom he married in 1836. He received the title of King in 1837. His wife died in 1853, and he became Regent during his son's minority. In 1869 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Mlle. Hensler, who was made Countess Elice d'Edla. He was the brother of King Leopold of Belgium and of the Duchess of Kent.

COLNAGHI, a London print and picture dealer. The origin of this firm goes back to 1750 when Paul Colnaghi, an Italian who came from Paris, opened a shop in partnership with a M. Nolteno. King George IV. was a constant patron.

CONROY, Sir John (1786-1854). An English officer, Gentleman in Waiting to the Duchess of Kent. On her accession Queen Victoria made him a baronet. He married in 1808 the daughter and heiress of Major Fisher, brother of the Bishop of Salisbury.

CONYNGHAM, William, Lord (1765-1854). An Irish barrister and member of the House of Commons. He belonged to the Liberal group of which Burke was a member. Towards the end of his life he leaned towards the Tories. He was raised to the Peerage.

CONYNGHAM, Henry, Lord (1766-1832), married the eldest daughter of Joseph Denison.

CONYNGHAM, Lady, died 1861. Elizabeth, daughter of J. Denison, a London banker, married in 1794 Henry, Baron Conyngham, who was made a Marquis in 1816. She was intimate with the Prince Regent and turned her influence over him to good account.

CONYNGHAM, Francis Nathaniel, Marquis of (1797-1882). During his father's lifetime he bore the name of Mount Charles. He distinguished himself in public life by his liberal ideas, was Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a Lord of the Treasury, and Postmaster General in 1834, a Privy Councillor in 1835, and Vice-Admiral of Ulster in 1849.

CORINNA, A Grecian poetess of the fifth century, B.C.

COUSIN, Victor (1792-1867). A French philosopher and author, a Peer of France, director of the Ecole Normale and a member of the Académie française. For a very short time he was Minister of Public Instruction under M. Thiers in 1840.

COWLEY, Lady (1796-1860). Georgiana Augusta, eldest daughter of the Marquis of Salisbury, married in 1816 the Hon. Henry Wellesley, who in 1828 was created Baron Cowley.

COWPER, Lady, Sister of W. Lamb, Lord Melbourne. She married Lord Palmerston (secondly) in 1840, being then fifty years of age.

CRANMER, Thomas (1489-1556). Archbishop of Canterbury, a promoter of the Reformation in England. He pronounced, himself, the divorce against Catherine of Aragon, which the Pope had refused to Henry VIII. On the Accession of Queen Mary Tudor he was arrested as a heretic and burned at the stake.

CROMWELL, Oliver (1599-1658). Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England in 1653. He brought about the ruin of the Royalist Cause, and the misfortunes of Charles I., for whose condemnation he was responsible.

CUMBERLAND, Ernest Augustus, Duke of (1771-1851). The last of the sons of George III. In 1837 he mounted the throne of Hanover.

CUMBERLAND, Duchess of (1778-1841). Frederica, Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Younger sister of Queen Louise of Prussia. She married in 1793 Prince Louis of Prussia, brother of Frederick William III. On his death she married secondly Prince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels, and finally, thirdly, the Duke of Cumberland who was called to the Throne of Hanover in 1837. She was the mother of King George V. of Hanover.

CUVIER, Georges (1769-1838). A celebrated naturalist, member of the Académie française, Councillor of State in 1814, and Peer of France in 1831.

CZARTORYSKI, Prince Adam (1770-1860). Son of Adam Casimi Czartoryski, who on the death of Augustus III. King of Poland was proposed as a candidate for the Throne, but was set aside in favour of Stanislas Poniatowski at the instance of Catherine II. After the partition of Poland, he was sent as a hostage to St. Petersburg where he enjoyed high favour with the Czar Alexander I., became Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1801 to 1805, and in 1815 became Senator Palatine of Poland and Curator of the University of Vilna. He retired from public life in 1821, and after 1830 established himself at Paris. In 1817 he married the Princess Anna Sapieha.

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DACRE, Thomas Brand, Lord (1774-1851), married in 1819, Barbara, daughter of Sir C. Ogle.

DALBERG, Duc de (1773-1833). Son of the Primate and Arch-Chancellor of the same name, member of the Conseil provisoire at Paris after the fall of Napoleon, and plenipotentiary at the Congress of Vienna.

DAUPHIN DE FRANCE, Louis, son of Louis XV. (1729-1765), married first the Infanta Maria of Spain, who died soon afterwards. He had several children by his second marriage with Princess Josepha, daughter of the Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. He never came to the Throne, but was father of Louis XVI., Louis XVIII., and Charles X. He was a model of all the virtues and lived a saintly life.

DAURE, M. A teacher at the Collège Henri IV. in Paris, who wrote for the Constitutionnel.

DAVOUT, Napoleon Louis (1810-1853). Son of the Marshal. He was on Marshal Gérard's Staff at the siege of Antwerp. He entered the House of Peers in 1836 and bore the title of Prince d'Eckmühl.

DAWSON DAMER, George Lionel, born in 1788. A colonel in the British Army. He married the niece and adopted daughter of Mrs. Fitzherbert, who died in 1848.

DECAZES, Elie, Duc (1780-1846). He was at first a lawyer and was then attached to the service of King Louis of Holland. Louis XVIII. afterwards made him a Minister and a Peer of France. In 1820 he had to quit the Ministry as the more fanatical Royalists did not scruple to blame him for the assassination of the Duc de Berry. He was created a Duke and sent as Ambassador to England. After 1830 he rallied to Louis-Philippe, and was made Grand Référendaire de la Cour des Pairs.

DECAZES, Duchesse, daughter of the Comte de Saint-Helaire by his marriage with Mlle. de Soycourt, and grand-daughter on her mother's side of the last Prince of Nassau-Sarbrück, and grand-niece of the Duchess of Brunswick-Beovern, who obtained from Frederick VI. of Denmark the transmission of the Duchy of Glucksburg in favour of the Duc and Duchesse Decazes on their marriage in 1818. She was the second wife of the Duc Decazes.

DEDEL, Solomon (1775-1846). A Danish diplomatist. He was Ambassador to Sweden, Spain and England, and died at London.

DEMION, M. Agent for the Montmorency family, for the Prince de Talleyrand, and for the James Rothschilds. For several years he administered the estates of Valençay.

DENISON, Albert (1805-1860). Second son of the Marquis of Conyngham. Through his mother he inherited a large fortune from his uncle, Denison, and took his name. He was raised to the Peerage as Lord Londesborough in 1850.

DESAGES, Emile (1793-1850). Son of a high official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he entered that office at the age of sixteen. In 1820 he was appointed Secretary of Embassy at Constantinople. In 1830 General Sébastiani then Minister of Foreign Affairs, made him head of the Political Branch of the Department. He retired after 1848 to Menesele in the Charente.

DEVONSHIRE, William, Duke of (1760-1835). He belonged to the Courtenay family. The title being extinct in the elder branch, the Duke succeeded in regaining it, after having proved before the House of Lords in 1831 that by Letters Patent of 1553 Queen Mary had laid down that the title, in default of direct heirs, should pass to collateral branches.

DEVONSHIRE, Marchioness of. Died 1806, daughter of Lord Spencer, married in 1774 the Marquis of Devonshire.

DIANE DE POITIERS (1499-1586). Eldest daughter of Jean de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier. Diane married Louis de Brézé, when she was thirteen. She was the favourite of Henri II., who made her Duchesse de Valentinois and gave her the Château d'Anet, one of the finest pieces of architecture of this period.

DIDOT, Firmin (1764-1836). He distinguished himself early in life, by the advances in the art of printing which were due to him. His father and elder brother had already similarly distinguished themselves. He was elected Deputy in 1827. Decorated with the Legion of Honour, he was appointed by King Louis-Philippe, Printer to the King and to the Institut de France.

DINO, Duchesse de (1793-1862). The title borne by the Comtesse Edmond de Périgord from 1815 onwards. It had been granted by the King of Naples to the Prince de Talleyrand, who had so successfully defended his interests at the Congress of Vienna, and M. de Talleyrand bestowed it as a compliment on his niece.

DOLOMIEU, Marquise de (1779-1849). Lady-in-waiting to Queen Maria Amelia, to whom she was most devoted. Madame de Dolomieu was the sister of Madame de Montjoye, Mme. Adélaïde's lady-in-waiting.

DOM MIGUEL (1802-1866). He was Regent of the Kingdom of Portugal during the minority of his niece Queen Doña Maria da Gloria. He seized the opportunity to possess himself of the Throne, and had himself proclaimed king in 1828. Dom Pedro I. then returned from Brazil, and after a sharp struggle he succeeded in re-conquering the crown for his daughter, and in forcing Dom Miguel to leave Portugal.

DON ANTONIO, the Infante (1755-1817). One of the Spanish princes confined at Valençay by Napoleon I. On his return from captivity he was made Grand Admiral of Castille.

DON CARLOS DE BOURBON (1788-1855). Second son of Charles IV. and brother of Ferdinand VII., King of Spain. He was detained with his brother at Valençay. At the close of his reign in 1833 Ferdinand abolished the Spanish law of succession and left his crown to his daughter Isabella. Don Carlos protested, was banished, returned to Spain in 1834 and began a civil war. Conquered in 1839 he took refuge first in France, and then in 1847 at Trieste, where he died.

DON FRANCESCO (1794-1865). Infante of Spain, married in 1819 the Princess Carlotta, daughter of the King of the Two Sicilies and sister of Queen Christina.

DONNADIEU, Gabriel (1777-1849). A French general. He embraced with ardour the principles of the Revolution, enrolled himself in Moreau's Corps d'Armée and remained in it for a long time. Suspected of conspiracy under the Consulate and the Empire he passed through several vicissitudes of favour and disgrace. He rallied to Louis XVIII. who made him a Lieutenant-General.

DORSET, Duke of (1795-1815). He died, childless, as the result of a fall from his horse. He was the brother of Lady Plymouth. The title of Earl of Dorset was given to the Sackville family by Queen Elizabeth.

DORSET, Charles, Viscount Sackville, Duke of (1767-1843). Uncle of the foregoing and heir to his title. He never married. He was a very intimate friend of King William IV. of England.

DOSNE, Mme. Mlle. Sophie Eurydice Matheron married M. Dosne, an Agent de Change, in 1816. She was born in 1788. Her parents kept a wholesale drapery establishment in the Faubourg Montmartre.

DOUGLAS, Marquis of (1811-1863). Afterwards Duke of Hamilton. In 1843 he married Princess Maria of Baden. He died at Paris as the result of an accident.

DROUET D'ERLON (1765-1844). Marshal of France. He joined the army under the Republic and took part in the Campaigns of the Empire. He was one of the first to recognise Napoleon on his return from Elba, and commanded the first Corps d'Armée during the Hundred Days. He fought at Waterloo, and was condemned in his absence. He found an asylum in Prussia, and did not resume his service in France until 1830. In 1834 he was made Governor of Algeria.

DUCHATEL, Charles Tanneguy, Comte (1803-1867). A French politician. He was successively Councillor of State, Deputy, and Minister. He was a member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques.

DUNCANNON, John William (1781-1847). Married in 1805 Mary, daughter of Lord Westmorland. He held advanced Liberal views, and was in 1834 Member of Lord Melbourne's Ministry as Home Secretary. He was raised to the Peerage as Lord Bessborough.

DUPERRÉ, Admiral (1775-1846). Distinguished himself early in action with the English and was made Rear-Admiral and a Baron in 1811. In 1830 he commanded the fleet which conveyed the French Army to Algeria, and was promoted Admiral and made a Peer of France. He was several times Minister of Marine.

DUPIN, André Marie (1783-1865). Called Dupin the elder. A French jurisconsult, magistrate, and deputy. He took an active part in the election of Louis-Philippe as King of the French. From 1832 till 1840 he was President of the Chamber of Deputies. Under the Second Empire he was made a Senator.

DUPIN, Pierre Charles François, Baron (1784-1873). The last of the three Dupins. A French statistician, a member of the Institut and of the House of Peers, he showed himself equally devoted to the Orleans Dynasty and to the Charte of 1830.

DURHAM, John Lambton, Earl of (1792-1840). Son-in-law of Lord Grey. He entered Parliament, where he sat among the advanced Whigs. In collaboration with Lord John Russell he drafted the Great Reform Bill of 1831. He was afterwards Ambassador to Russia and Governor-General of Canada.

DURHAM, Lady (1816-1841). Louisa Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Grey, and second wife of the Earl of Durham.

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EASTNOR, Lord (1788-1873). He married in 1815 the daughter of Lord Hardwicke.

EASTNOR, Lady (died 1873). Daughter of Lord Hardwicke and sister of Lady Stuart of Rothesay.

EBRINGTON, Hugh, Lord, Earl Fortescue (1783-1861). Entered the House of Commons early in life. In 1839 he was made a Privy Councillor and Viceroy of Ireland. He retired in 1850. He was a consistent Whig.

ELIZABETH, Queen of England (1533-1603). Daughter of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn. She never married, and left the crown to James I., King of Scotland and son of Mary Stuart.

ELLICE, The Hon. Edward (1787-1863). Son-in-law of Lord Grey. He was a Member of the House of Commons, and contributed much to the passage of the Reform Bill. He was Secretary to the Treasury and Secretary at War. He was a rich merchant and possessed vast estates in Canada.

ENTRAIGUES, Amédée Goveau d'. Born in 1785. Prefect at Tours 1830-1847. He married a Princess Santa-Croce, whose father had been concerned in the events of 1798, which resulted in taking Rome from the Pope and the proclamation of a Republic. This Prince had made his daughter a ward of Talleyrand, who brought her up and gave her a dowry.

ENTRAIGUES, Jules d'. Born in 1787, he died at a very advanced age. He was the brother of the Prefect of Tours, and possessed in the neighbourhood of Valençay a charming château called La Moustière.

ESCLIGNAC. Duchesse d' (1801-1868). Georgine, daughter of the Baron Jacques de Talleyrand-Périgord, third brother of the Prince de Talleyrand and of Charlotte Louise de Puissigneux.

ESTERHAZY, Paul Antoine, Prince (1786-1866). An Austrian diplomatist who was Ambassador at London during the Conferences of 1831, and a member of the Batthyany Ministry in Hungary. He was always a faithful friend of the Duchesse de Dino.

ETIENNE, Charles Guillaume (1777-1845). A French journalist and dramatist. He became a deputy in 1832, voted with the Liberals, and in 1839 obtained a seat in the House of Peers.

ETIENNE DE BLOIS, Stephen, King of England (1105-1154). His mother was a daughter of William the Conqueror. He married the heiress of the Counts of Boulogne.

EXELMANS, Isidore, Count (1775-1852). One of the most brilliant generals of the First Empire. Exiled on the return of the Bourbons he returned to France only in 1823. Made a Peer of France by Louis-Philippe, he became in 1849 Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour, and in 1851 a Marshal of France. He died as the result of a fall from his horse.

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FABRE, François Xavier (1766-1837). A French painter and a pupil of David. He was intimate at Florence with the Comtesse d'Albany, widow of the last of the Stuarts, and of Alfieri who was her second husband.

FAGEL, General Robert. Born in Holland of Dutch parents. He fought against France in the Wars of the Republic. Under the Restoration he was appointed Netherlands Ambassador at the Tuileries.

FALK, Anton Reinhard (1776-1843). A Dutch statesman. He was Secretary of Legation at Madrid and afterwards Minister of Foreign Affairs, of Public Instruction, of Commerce, and of the Colonies. In 1824 he went as Ambassador to London, and after the separation of Belgium from Holland he became Ambassador at Brussels, where he died.

FALK, Madame (1792-1851) (Rose, Baroness de Roisin). She was maid of honour to the Queen of the Netherlands and married M. Falk in 1817. After her husband's death she was appointed "grande maîtresse" of the Princess of Orange, and resigned this position when the Princess ascended the throne.

FARNBOROUGH, Lord (1761-1838). An intimate friend of Pitt. He was Postmaster-General.

FERDINAND II., King of the Two Sicilies (1810-1859). He ascended the throne in 1830, and by his unpopularity brought about the fall of his dynasty. He was nicknamed "King Bomba."

FERDINAND VII., King of Spain (1784-1833). Eldest son of Charles IV. and Marie Louise of Parma. In 1808, the very year of his accession, he was imprisoned at Valençay, but reascended the throne in 1814.

FERGUSSON, Robert Cutler (1768-1838). An English lawyer and magistrate. He spent twenty-five years at Calcutta where he made a large fortune, and in 1826 he returned to England where he became an ardent supporter of Liberal reforms. In 1830 he took up the cause of Poland. In 1831 he married Mlle. Auger, a Frenchwoman by whom he had two children.

FERRETTE, Étienne, Bailli de (1747-1831). In 1767 he was already Bailli of the Knights of Malta and their Ambassador at Paris. In 1805, when the domains of the Order at Heitersheim were secularised and incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Baron de Ferrette was indemnified by a pension of 60,000 livres for life and made Minister of Baden at the Court of Napoleon I., and thereafter at that of Louis XVIII. He resigned in 1830. He had many friends in Paris and was a friend of the Prince de Talleyrand.

FERRERS, Lady. Married in 1844 Earl Ferrers (1822-1859). She was called Arabella, and was a daughter of the Marquess of Donegal.

FIESCHI, Joseph (1790-1835). Born at Murano, Corsica, he attempted the life of Louis-Philippe at Paris during a review on July 28, 1835, by means of an infernal machine which he prepared in a house about the middle of the Boulevard du Temple. The King and the Princes escaped, but twenty-two people were wounded and eighteen killed, among whom was Marshal Mortier, Duc de Trévise, Minister of War. Fieschi was condemned to death with his two accomplices Pépin and Morey.

FITZCLARENCE, Lord Adolphus (1802-1856). Third illegitimate son of King William IV. of England and the actress Mrs. Jordan. He was a Rear-Admiral and naval aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria.

FITZPATRICK, Richard (1747-1813). He was a British general and distinguished himself in the American War. He entered Parliament in 1770, was Secretary to the Duke of Portland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary at War; he was an attached friend of Fox.

FITZPATRICK, M. Born in 1809, he married in 1830 the daughter of Augustus Douglas. He was a Captain in the British Army and a Member of Parliament.

FITZROY SOMERSET, Lord (1788-1855). Afterwards Lord Raglan. Younger son of the Earl of Beaufort and aide-de-camp of the Duke of Wellington, by whose side he lost his right arm at Waterloo. He died of cholera under Sebastopol where he was Commander-in-Chief of the British Army.

FITZROY SOMERSET, Lady. Died 1881. She was a daughter of Lord Wellesley and a niece of the Duke of Wellington, the chief and friend of Lord Fitzroy Somerset, whom she married in 1814.

FLAHAUT, General Comte de (1785-1870). Aide-de-camp of Napoleon I., he became a Peer of France under Louis-Philippe and under Napoleon III. Senator and Ambassador. His family was poor, and the Prince de Talleyrand had contributed to the cost of his education.

FLAHAUT, Comtesse de. Died 1867. She was a daughter of Lord Keith and Nairn, an English Admiral.

FOUCHE, Joseph, Duc d'Otrante (1763-1820). Chief of Police under the Empire. An able but unscrupulous man without convictions.

FOUGIÈRES, Mlle. de. She married the Marquis Christian de Nicolay. Her son Antoine married Mlle., de Vogüé and her daughter Aymardine married Paul de Larges.

FOX, Charles James (1748-1806). One of the greatest of English orators. He entered Parliament, joined the Opposition, and soon became the leader of the Whigs. He was a defender of tolerance and liberty and was favourable to the French Revolution, never ceasing to advise peace with France.

FRANÇOIS I., King of France (1494-1547). Son of Charles d'Orléans, Comte d'Angoulême, and of Louise de Savoie, he succeeded in 1515 King Louis XII., whose daughter he had married.

FREDERICK THE GREAT, King of Prussia (1712-1786). Illustrious in war, he laid the foundations of Prussia's military power. He was an amateur of letters and prided himself on his philosophic attainments. He attracted Voltaire to his Court and kept up correspondence with the Encyclopédistes.

FRIAS, Duc de (1783-1851). Don Bernardino Fernandez Vilano, Comte de Haro, Duc de Frias, Duc de Meda, Marquis de Villena. From 1796 he served in the Guardia Volona and became a Captain. He married Doña Marianna de Silva, daughter of the Marquis de Santa Cruz. The Duc de Frias was Spanish Ambassador at London and afterwards became President of the Upper Chamber established by the Constitution granted by Queen Maria Christina in 1834, and called El Estatuto Real. He was a man of letters and has left some poems behind him.