The History of Antiquity, Vol. 1 (of 6)

800

Plut. "Alex." 46; Curtius, 6, 5; Diod. 17, 77; Strabo, p. 505; Justin, 2, 4; 12, 3. Cf. Arrian, "Anab." 4, 15.

801

Arrian, loc. cit. 7, 13.

802

Plut. "Pompeius," c. 35; Appian, "Bell. Mithrid." c. 103.

803

Strab, pp. 503-505, 547, 550, 552.

804

Hippoc. "De aere," c. 89, 91. If the name Amazon were Greek, it could only have been invented in a contrast to πολύμαζος, "with many breasts," the epithet of the Ephesian Artemis, as the goddess of birth, to denote the maidens devoted to chastity.

805

Strabo, pp. 591, 680.

806

Herod. 1, 7, 94; 4, 45; Dion. Hal. 1, 27, 28; "Il." 2, 461; Strabo, p. 627; Steph. Byz. Ἀσία.

807

Herod. 1, 84; Xanth. Fragm. 10; Nicol. Damasc. Fragm. 26, 29, ed. Müller. The legend of Meles is obviously connected with the founding of Sardis. This Meles therefore cannot be identified with the Heracleid (the last but two) of the same name. In Nicolaus, Moxus is the successor of Meles; Fragm. 24, 49.

808

Xanth. Fragm. 11, 12; Nicol. Dam. Fragm. 25, 28, ed. Müller.

809

Diod. 4, 21.

810

Ephor. Fragm. 9; Pherecyd. Fragm. 3, 4; Mæandri Mil. Fragm. 8; Clearch. Sol. Fragm. 8, ed. Müller; Apollod. 2, 6, 3.

811

Pliny, "Hist. Nat." 25, 5. Cf. Nicol., Dam. Fragm. 49, ed. Müller, where Sadyuttes and Lixus are mentioned in the place of the Heracleidæ as the successors of Tylon, loc. cit. p. 382, 384.

812

Herod. 1, 7. According to Apollodorus (2, 7, 8), the son of Omphale and Heracles was Agelaus; according to Diodorus (4, 31) Heracles first begot Cleodæus with a slave, and then Lamus with Omphale. Others call the son of Omphale and Heracles Meleus (Meles). Others again represent Sandon, the son of Heracles, as the father of Damalisandus, or Dalisandus, by Damalis. Cf. Müller, on Nicol. Fragm. 28.

813

Joh. Lyd. "De Mens." 3, 14.

814

Brandis, "Münzwesen," s. 168, 386.

815

Hesych. Ἀτταγάθη Ἀθάρη παρὰ τῷ Ξανθῷ. The native name Athar-ath is found on a coin of Bambyke, in Brandis, loc. cit. s. 431.

816

Joh. Lyd. "De Mag." 3, 64; Plut. "Quæst. Graec." c. 45; "An seni resp." c. 4; Clearch. Sol. Fragm. 6, ed. Müller; Ovid. "Heroid." 83-118; "Fast." 2, 325.

817

Hupfeld, "Res Lyd." pp. 55, 63, 67.

818

Joh. Lyd. "De Mens." 4, 46; Lucian. "Dial. Deor." 13, 2.

819

Compare the Lydian names Sandonis and Sandoces in Herod. 1, 71; 7, 194.

820

Oppert, "Expéd. en Mesopot." 2, 337.

821

E. Schrader, "Theol. Studien und Kritiken," 1874, 2, 330.

822

Herod. 1, 93; Athen. pp. 515, 516.

823

Strabo, p. 641; Paus. 7, 2, 7.

824

Herod. 3, 48; 8, 105.

825

Paus. 1, 21; Kiepert, "Monatsberichte d. Berl. Akademie," 1866, s. 298.

826

Steph. Byz. s. v.

827

Lassen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 382 ff; cf. G. Curtius, "Grundzüge."

828

Herod. 5, 102.

829

Herodotus (1, 7) says twenty-two generations. But as these, according to the length which he assumes for a generation, would give a much longer interval than 505 years, he can only mean twenty-two sovereigns. That lists of kings existed in Lydia is proved by the considerable number of names of Atyadæ given in Xanthus.

830

Cf. H. Stein on the passages of Herodotus quoted; in one class of MSS. Alcæus, Belus, and Ninus are not found. The city of Ninoë has been already mentioned (p. 567).

831

The year 549 B.C., the year of the capture of Sardis, will be proved below. I believe that we ought to maintain this statement. Herodotus' total of 170 years for the dynasty of Gyges is untenable in the face of the Assyrian monuments. According to them Gyges and Ardys were contemporaries of Assurbanipal, who reigns from 668 to 626 B.C. Hence for the 170 years of Herodotus we must adopt the number given by Eusebius, which is 30 years less, and the separate dates of the latter.

832

Bœckh, "Metrologie," s. 76.

833

Herod. 1, 94.

834

Plut. "De Mus." 6; Steph. Byz. Ἀσιάς.

835

"Il." 18, 291; 10, 431.

836

P. 572.

837

Pausan. 2, 22, 3; 5, 13, 7.

838

Æsch. "Pers." 52; Herod. 7, 74.

839

Strabo, p. 604, 605, 612; Pausan. 10, 12, 6.

840

Strabo, p. 469; Plut. "De Fluviis," c. 13.

841

Herod. 1, 171; 5, 119.

842

Thuc. 1, 8; Isoc. "Panath." p. 241. On the Carians in Samos and Chios, see Diod. 5, 84; Strabo, p. 457, 633-637, 661; Paus. 7, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10.

843

Archiloch. Fragm. 23, ed. Bergk; Euseb. "Chron." 1, 321, ed. Auch.; cf. Bunsen, "Ægypten," 5, 4, 5, s. 427.

844

Herod. 5, 118, 119; Strabo, p. 660.

845

"Il." 2, 872.

846

Alcæus and Anacreon in Strabo, p. 661; Herod. 1, 171.

847

Brandis, "Münzwesen," s. 338.

848

"Quæst. Græcæ," c. 45.

849

Lassen, "Zeit. d. d. M. G.," 10, 381.

850

Bœckh, "Corp. Inscript." 26, 93.

851

Ælian, "Hist. Anim." 12, 30.

852

1, 173; 7, 92.

853

Heracl. Pont. Fragm. 15; Nicol. Damasc. Fragm. 129, ed. Müller.

854

Strabo, p. 664.

855

Strabo, p. 665.

856

Herod. 1, 182; Serv. ad Æneid, 4, 143. Pausanias (1, 19, 3) says that the Lyceum at Athens was a sanctuary of Apollo Lyceus; the "Iliad" (5, 171) represents Lycaon as ruling in Lycia.

857

Lassen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 335 ff; Blau, ibid. 17, 667.

858

Steph. Byzant., Ἄρνα: Fellowes, "Lyc. Coins," pl. 12, 7.

859

Blau ("Z. d. d. M. G." 17, 649 ff) sustains the first view, Savelsberg and M. Schmidt the second; M. Schmidt, "Lyc. Inscript."

860

Fellowes, "Account," p. 174, 194; "Lyc. Coins," pl. x. 1, 2, 3.

861

Ross, "Kleinasien," s. 57.

862

Lassen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 348.

863

Ross, "Kleinasien," s. 51.

864

Ross, loc. cit. s. 35.