Touring in 1600

Beatis, Antonio de, accompanied Cardinal Luigi d'Aragona through Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, & France (1517-18). His narrative is printed in L. Pastor's "Erläuterungen … zu Jannsen's Geschichte," IV, 4, Freiburg, 1905, with a detailed German paraphrase, & notes which add very greatly to its value. A readable English paraphrase will be found in the Quarterly Review, July, 1908. The author was an acute and observant man with wide interests, who travelled under the most favourable conditions. He also came into contact with many of the most attractive personalities in Europe during his journey, among them Lionardo da Vinci, particulars of a long conversation with whom at Amboise he records.

Bertie, Robert (afterwards Lord Willoughby). Letters written while in France (1598-99) are printed in the Earl of Ancaster's MSS. (Hist. MSS. Com.) 1907 (pp. 340-348) together with one from his brother Henry (pp. 390-392; 1617; Constantinople & Italy), and diary of another Robert (1647-49) during travel in France, (pp. 418-421).

*Beckmann, J. "Literatur der ältern Reisebeschreibungen": 2 vols. Göttingen, 1807-10. Contains good notices of many very rare books.

Bisoni, Bernardo, accompanied Vincenzo Giustiniani, Marchese di Bassano, through Germany, the Low Countries, England, and France, in 1606. His MS., now at the Vatican, has been paraphrased into French by E. Rodocanachi (1899) under the title of "Aventures d'un Grand Seigneur Italien à travers l'Europe" with appendices.

Bonnaffé, E. "Voyages et Voyageurs de la Renaissance," 1895. In the main a pleasant résumé of accounts that are common property, but contains much supplementary detail not used by other writers.

*Boucher de la Richarderie, G. "Bibliothèque Universelle des Voyages; 1808;" vols. 1, 2, 3.

Brereton: Sir William. Travels in great Britain & Low Countries, 1634-35. Printed by Chetham Society, vol. 1.

Breuning von Buchenbach, Hans Jakob; well known as an Oriental traveller, also came as ambassador to England, 1595, from Duke Frederick of Württemberg. Rye (q. v.) refers to him, but was dependent on Sattler's history of Württemberg & on some letters among English State Papers; but Breuning's own detailed account of the journey has since been printed by the Stuttgart Lit. Verein (vol. 81).

*Brown, P. Hume. "Early Travellers in Scotland," 1891.

Buchell, Arend van, An antiquary of Utrecht, whose "Commentarius … rerum quotidianarum" includes records of journeys between 1584 and 1591. The text of his "Iter Italicum" has been printed by Soc. Romana di Storia Patria (1900-02) with notes by Rodolfo Lanciani; a translation of the parts concerning Germany begins in vol. 84 of the Hist. Verein für den Niederrhein, 1907 & of those concerning France under the title of "Description de Paris" in the Mémoires of the Soc. de l'histoire de Paris, vol. 26, 1899. Brief selections from the whole in the original Latin, forming a varied & useful miscellany, will be found in vol. 21 of Series III of the Historisch Gezelschap te Utrecht (1907).

Busbecq's letters (see chapter 1) are most conveniently read in Forster & Daniel's "Life & Letters." 1881. All the letters are translated there.

Busino, Orazio; chaplain to the Venetian Ambassador Contarini in England and Spain (1617-18). For an account of the MSS. in which he tells his experiences with exceptional brightness & point, see Barozzi & Berchet's "Relazioni," Series IV, pp. 192-195. Rawdon Brown's translation of what referred to England is among the transcripts he presented to the Record Office in London; a résumé of this was printed in the Quarterly Review, July, 1857. On the latter I have had to be wholly dependent, but part of the translation has just become available in print in the Calendar of the State Papers (Venetian) for 1617-19.

Carmoly, E. "Itinéraires de la Terre-Sainte," 1847. All the itineraries are Jewish ones dating from the 13th to 17th centuries, translated from the Hebrew.

[Carve, Thomas; "Itinerarium," mainly in Germany during the Thirty Years' War; but also Low Countries, England & Ireland. Rare, quaint & valuable. In three parts; only complete edition, 1859. Cf. Dict. Nat. Biog.]

Casola, Pietro. M. Margaret Newett's "Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem," 1907: no. 5 of the Historical Series in the Publications of the University of Manchester. This pilgrimage took place in 1494, but the editor's researches among Venetian archives throw much fresh light on the later phases of the subject.

Cecily, princess; see Roy. Hist. Soc., vol. 12.

*Chandler, F. W., "Literature of Roguery," 1899, contains a very full bibliography of picaresque literature & an analysis of much of it.

Chaworth, Sir G., went as special ambassador to Brussels in 1621. His account of the journey & of his preparations for it are printed in A. J. Kempe's "Losely MSS." 1835.

Chiericati, Francesco. His letter concerning Ireland with three concerning England are printed in "Quattro Documenti d' Inghilterra ed uno di Spagna dell' Archivio Gonzaga di Mantova," edited by Attilio Portioli, Mantua, 1868. For further information and more letters see biography by B. Morsolin.

Clara Eugenia, the Infanta. The letter already referred to is printed in the "Boletin de la Real Academía de la Historia," Madrid, vol. 49, pp. 30-50.

*Cobham, C. D. "Excerpta Cypria," 1908. Extracts from the accounts of writers who visited Cyprus, together with an exceptionally thorough bibliography. As so many who went to Jerusalem touched at Cyprus, the book may serve as a bibliography to chapter 5; also for travel generally over a wider period than this.

Courthop, Sir G. (France, Italy, Malta, Constantinople, 1636-39.) In Camden Soc. Miscellany, vol. 11.

Cuellar, Captain, who was wrecked on the Irish coast in a ship which sailed with the Spanish Armada of 1588, wrote a letter describing his adventures in Ireland & Scotland which has several times been translated or paraphrased since the publication of the text in Duro's "La Armada Invencible" (1885). The best version is that in Allingham's "Adventures of Captain Cuellar in Connacht & Ulster," 1897.

*Cust, Mrs. Henry. "Gentlemen Errant," 1909. Annotated & explanatory paraphrases of the experiences of Leo von Rösmital, Wilwolt von Schaumburg, Frederick II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, & Hans von Schweinichen. The dates range between 1465 & 1602 & the countries visited include most of Europe. Of the bibliography the utmost that can be said is that it is worth consulting; but the rest of the book is valuable as summarizing much that has not been really accessible; and is very readable.

*Dallam, Thomas. See Hakluyt Soc., vol. 87.

"Diarium Terræ Sanctæ," a quarterly periodical beginning March 1, 1908, issued from the monastery of San Salvatore at Jerusalem dealing with the work carried on there, past and present. It came under my notice too late to use.

*Einstein, L. "The Italian Renaissance in England," 1902. The subject frequently comes into touch with touring & the bibliography is very full, especially as regards guide-books.

Falkiner, C. L. "Illustrations of Irish History & Topography," 1904. Contains extracts from the narratives of several travellers of the 16th & 17th centuries who visited Ireland, including that of Josias Bodley & some otherwise unprinted paragraphs from Moryson.

Fanshawe, Lady Ann. Two editions of her reminiscences have been published recently, 1905 & 1907. The latter is by far the more fully annotated and authoritative.

*[Farinelli, A. "Apuntes y divagaciones bibliográficas sobre viajes y viajeros por España y Portugal," with a supplement, "Mas apuntes," etc., Madrid, 1903.]

*Fouché-Delbosc, R., published a detailed bibliography of journeys in Spain & Portugal in the "Revue Hispanique," vol. 3, 1896, issued separately in the same year ("Bibliographie des Voyages en Espagne et en Portugal"). It is absolutely indispensable not only as regards travel within those countries, but outside them as well.

Guzman, Alonso de. See Hakluyt Soc., vol. 29.

*Hagemans, G. "Relations inédites d'ambassadeurs venitiens dans le Pays-Bas," 1865. Besides the direct bearing on the subject that all such "Relazioni" have, the notes to this book contain references to several still unpublished MSS.

*Hantzsch, Victor. "Deutsche Reisende des 16ten Jahrhunderts"; Leipzig, 1895, part 4 of vol. 1 of Leipziger Studien aus dem Gebiet der Geschichte. Brief, lucid notices of many typical adventurers of German blood all over the world in the 16th century. Indispensable by reason of its very full references to books & MSS.

Hoby, Sir Thomas (France, Germany, Italy, Flanders, 1547-64); in Camden Soc. Miscellany, vol. 10.

Khitrowo, B. de. "Itinéraires Russes en Orient." French translations of Russian MSS., published by the Soc. de l'Orient Latin. The promised second volume does not seem to have been issued, but though only a few of the itineraries in this first volume are late enough to be available for questions of fact, the whole is very valuable as a revelation of temperament.

Lauder, J., of Fountainhall. See Scot. Hist. Soc., vol. 36.

*Łosinski, W., "Zycie polskie w dawnych wiekach wiek xvi-xvii." ("Polish Life in the 16th & 17th centuries"), 2nd edition, Lemberg, 1908. Contains notices of Polish travel and travellers.

*Locatelli, S., an Italian priest who went to Paris & back (1664-65) & whose narrative has been in part translated from the Italian MS. by A. Vautier ("Voyage de France," 1905), who adds a good bibliography & notes. Its value consists in the author belonging to that type of man who does not hesitate to write what most people are content, sometimes more than content, to keep to themselves. Combined with his extreme poverty of mind & vanity, this leads him into relating many trivialities which help to define more clearly the incidentals, & the psychology, of contemporary touring.

Maulde, François de (Modius); for the adventures of this learned Fleming (1556-97) mainly in Germany, see two articles by A. Roersch in the Revue Générale. May & June, 1907, based on his MS. autobiography at Munich. [Also P. Lehmann's "Franciscus Modius als Handschriftenforscher," 1908, in Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters, III, 1.]

Montaigne, Michel de. English translation of his Journal by W. G. Waters, 1903. [Latest edition of the text edited by L. Lautrey, Paris, 1906.]

*D'Ancona's edition (Città di Castello, 1889: 2nd ed. 1895) contains an excellent critical bibliography concerned with foreigners' travel in Italy.

Moryson, Fynes, published his "Itinerary" in 1617 in a form that has proved the equivalent of a burial. A fine reprint, the only one, was issued in 1907, in a series which includes other travel records of this period. The better part of what Moryson himself left unprinted appeared under the editorship of C. Hughes under the title "Shakespeare's Europe" in 1903. See also under "Falkiner."

*Mundy, Peter. For his travels in European Europe (1608-28) see Hakluyt Soc., Series II, vol. 17, to which a useful bibliography of MSS. & printed works is appended. A second volume will be partly concerned with northern Europe.

Possevino, the Jesuit, besides his "Moscovia" (1587) wrote letters to his superiors while engaged on his mission thither (1581-82), as did his brother-Jesuit Campan. A contemporary digest of these letters was printed by Father Pierling (Paris, 1882) under the title "Missio Moscovitica." In the editor's other books on the relations between the Tsars & the Popes will be found indications of other travellers, notably in his "L'Italie et la Russie."

*Röhricht, R., "Bibliographia Geographica Palæstinæ," (2nd edition, 1890) a chronological bibliographical list of all accounts of visits to Palestine

and

*"Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem Heiligen Lande" (2nd edition, 1900), another work of extraordinary research, giving the names of every German whom the author has found to have visited Jerusalem between 1300 & 1700, with an account of the journey whenever remarkable. To a 26-page introduction are appended 377 notes, with an enormous number of detailed bibliographical references, a large proportion of which are to MSS. located all over Europe.

*Rye, W. B. "England As Seen By Foreigners in the Days of Queen Elizabeth & James I," 1865. Annotated extracts prefaced by a long and valuable introduction containing all that has since become, in England, the commonplaces of the subject. In view of this latter fact, I have quoted as exclusively as is reasonable from writers whom Rye overlooked or who visited England outside the dates within which Rye confined himself.

*Saint-Genois, J. L. D. "Les Voyageurs Belges." 2 vols. 1846. Biographies, in several cases drawing on MS. sources.

Sastrow, Bartholomew. [Latest (modernized) edition of the text of his autobiography, vol. 2 of Schultze's "Bibliothek Wertvoller Memoiren," Hamburg, 1907.] An English translation, by A. Vandam, exists under the title of "Social Germany in Luther's Time." Sastrow's journeys, however, reached as far as Rome.

*Serrano y Sanz, M., "Autobiografías y Memorias" 1905, a volume of the Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. The long introduction on Spanish autobiographies mentions many travellers of whose accounts I have been able to make practically no use owing to my not knowing of the book in time (see pp. 49, 50, 62, 63, 86, 89, 94, 97 (2), 109, 123, 124, 125, 142, 148; and bibliography of Jerusalem pilgrims' accounts, 55-58). Several of these, however, exist only in MS. in Spain. Great Britain & Scandinavia receive little attention, but plenty of valuable material seems to be included for every other part of Europe; certainly this is so in the narratives (16th-17th centuries) which the author prints.

Sobieski, Jakób, Marshal of the Polish Diet, travelled throughout Europe (1607-13 & 1638). An incomplete MS. was printed by E. Raczynski (Posen, 1833) & the missing portion by A. Kraushar (Warsaw, 1903) from the autograph at the Imperial Library at St. Petersburg. The only part that seems to have been translated is that relating to Spain, in Liske's "Viajes de Extranjeros por España" (a book, by the way, that no one who is interested in 16th century history can fail to be assisted by).

*[Szamota, István, "Régi utazások Magyarországon és a Balkán-félszigeten, 1054-1717" ("Travellers of the past in Hungary and the Balkans, 1054-1717") Budapest, 1891.]

Taylor, John (the "water-poet"). Both his continental journeys – one to Hamburg, the other viâ Hamburg to Prague – have been reprinted by C. Hindley in Taylor's "Works" & also by the Spenser Soc. (vol. 4, pp. 76-100): that to Hamburg only, in Hindley's "Old-Book-Collector's Miscellany."

Vargas, Juan de, contemporary with Alonso de Guzman & Sastrow, both of whose narratives he supplements very closely. As a soldier under Charles V in Germany, his remarkable experiences illustrate the present subject: he also saw the wildest life in Hungary & Vienna, & slave-life in Constantinople & Africa. Still more remarkable were his experiences in S. America as a "conquistador." His capacity for telling us what we most want to know, & for telling it well, are so much beyond what might be expected from an uneducated soldier as to raise doubts about the genuineness of the narrative. But the abundance of detail is past invention. It is unmentioned by Serrano y Sanz; the only edition seeming to be the French translation by the owner of the unpublished Spanish MS., C. Navarin, "Les Aventures de Don Juan de Vargas" in the Bibliothèque Elzévirienne, 1853.

Wotton, Sir Henry. For all references to Sir Henry Wotton (& for much else) I am indebted to his "Life & Letters" by L. P. Smith (1907). Both his life & his letters come into touch with the travel of the day from various points of view, & frequently; & the same mellowness & intimacy characterize both the reminiscences of Sir Henry Wotton & the comment of his biographer.

Wynn, Sir Richard, followed Prince Charles from England to Spain in 1625. His account of his journey has been printed by Hearne as an appendix to his edition of the "Historia vitae … Ricardi II," 1729; illiterate & prejudiced, but valuable for its frankness. Halliwell-Phillips reprinted it at the end of his edition of Symonds D'Ewes' autobiography.

Zetzner, Johann Eberhard, a descendant of the Strassburg printers of that name, left an autobiography consisting largely of accounts of his journeys in Germany, along the coasts of the Baltic, in England, Scotland, France, & Spain. A paraphrase of the more interesting parts has been printed in three instalments, in French, in the "Revue d'Alsace" [1905-07?] and reissued separately under the titles "Idylle Norvégienne d'un Jeune Négociant Strasbourgeois" (1905), "Londres et l'Angleterre en 1700" (1905), and "Un Voyage d'Affaires en Espagne en 1718 (1907)," all published by the Librairie Noiriel, Strassbourg, edited by Rodolphe Reuss, who has put together in a very readable form matter which is of considerable value not only as a record of things seen, but also in connection with finance & commerce. In spite of the dates being so much later than those of the rest of the books I have used, it seems desirable to include these pamphlets here as containing much that illustrates conditions equally normal a century earlier, & as being, too, of such an out-of-the-way character that they are liable to be overlooked.

1

Purchas, viii, 258.

2

A. Schaube: "Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Ständigen Gesandtschaften," in vol. 10 of Mittheilungen des Instituts für oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung, 1889. What follows is mainly from "Les Commencements de la Diplomatie," three articles by Ernest Nys in Revue de Droit International, vols. 15 and 16, 1883-84. Cf. also V. E. Hrabar's De Legatis et Legationibus, 1906, a collection of treatises on the subject up to 1625, some unpublished ones printed in full, with summaries of those better known.

3

Harleian MS. 3822, fol. 599. And Viaggi of Gian Vincenzo Imperiale, p. 149, vol. 29 of Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria, 1898.

4

Cf. Antonio de Beatis, pp. 156, 157.

5

George Chapman, Tears of Peace.

6

Cf. especially the beginning of Jacopo Soranzo's narrative in Albéri's Relazioni Venete, Series III, ii, 212.

7

Life and Letters, i, 319.

8

First Fruits, p. 18.

9

Calendars of State Papers, Ven., v, 109 and 382.

10

Hist. MSS. Com., 1899, vol. 46 (Duke of Buccleugh's Winwood Papers, i), 120, 121.

11

Einstein, p. 380.

12

Operette, ii, 24.

13

Hantzsch, Deutsche Reisende, p. 2.

14

Cf. Stählin's Sir Francis Walsingham und seine Zeit, i, 79-84.

15

See Faunt's "Discourses touching the office of Principal Secretary of State," in Eng. Hist. Rev., July, 1905.

16

Falkiner, p. 117.

17

Röhricht, "Bibliotheca geographica Palaestinæ," 118. In the London Library is a copy of an edition printed at Ronciglione, 1615, which seems to have escaped the notice of all bibliographers.

18

Bargrave. See under Bodleian MSS. in Bibliography (Rawlinson, C. 799).

19

Quoted by Einstein, p. 101.

20

Printed by Falkiner. See Bibliography.

21

See Cal. S. P. Ven., vol. ii (under "Mole," in the index).

22

Grose and Astle's Antiquarian Repertory, 1805, iv, 374-380.

23

M. Ritter, Die Union und Heinrich IV, Munich, 1874, p. 87.

24

Hatfield MSS., ix, 127 (Hist. MSS. Com.).

25

Birch, Court and Times of James I, i, 139.

26

See contemporary drawing to scale, reproduced in vol. 5 of Hakluyt's Voyages.

27

Hans von Morgenthal (1476) in Röhricht, pp. 14-15.

28

Zuallardo's Il Devotissimo Viaggio di Gierusalemme, Rome, 1595, p. 18.

29

Sir Henry Ellis, Original Letters, Series III, ii, 277-293.

30

Fahie, Life of Galileo, pp. 173-177.

31

Hatfield MSS., x, 43.

32

Harris, Navigantium … Bibliotheca, ii, 461.

33

W. F. Smith's translation, to which, with Heulhard's Rabelais, ses voyages en Italie, 1891, I am indebted for all references to Rabelais.

34

Brit. Mus. MS. Lansdown, 720.

35

R. Symonds (Brit. Mus. MS. Harleian, 943).

36

C. A. J. Skeel, Travels in the First Century after Christ, p. 114.

37

Brit. Mus. MS. Lansdown, 720, and Villamont's Voyages give more details than any others concerning Italian waterways; but cf. Tasso's letter to Ercole de' Contrari comparing France and Italy. All these are ignored by

38

Sir E. Sullivan in The Nineteenth Century, August, 1908.

39

J. N. Figgis, From Gerson to Grotius, 1907, p. 241.

40

Brit. Mus. MS. Harleian, 943, fol. 33.

41

W. H. Woodward, Studies in Education, passim, especially p. 172.

42

Gazette des Beaux Arts, IIe période, v, 198.

43

Smith's Wotton, i, 355, note.

44

His narrative is in vol. 7 of Churchill's Voyages.

45

Howell, Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ, 1619.

46

Barozzi and Berchet, Relazioni (Inghilterra), pp. 34, 35, and 98.

47

Cal. S. P. Ven., xiii, 40, 41.

48

Harleian Voyages, i, 1781.

49

Hatfield MSS., v, 462.

50

Barozzi, op. cit., p. 27.

51

Bodleian MS., Rawlinson, C. 799.

52

The following details are taken mainly from T. A. Fischer's Scots in East and West Prussia and Scots in Germany; the Scottish Historical Society have further information in preparation. For Scots abroad generally, cf. W. K. Leask's Musa Latina Aberdonensis, Aberdeen University, 1910.

53

Bodl. MS., Rawlinson, C. 799.

54

"La Cena de le Cenere," Dialogo Secondo.

55

De Villers. See Bibliography under "Aarssen."

56

Translated speech to the "Collegio" at Venice, Cal. S. P. Ven., x, 346.

57

Payen of Meaux.

58

Churchill's Voyages, iv, 822.

59

Barberini, in Adelung, i, 237.

60

Cf. Dr. Vladimir Milkowicz' Eastern Europe (vol. 5 of the translation of Helmolt's History of the World), pp. 524, 557, 572, and 610.

61

In Adelung, i, 435.

62

Britannia, Holland's translation, 1610, p. 577.

63

In 1670. – Hakluyt Society, vol. 87, p. 111.

64

Harleian MS. 3822, fol. 604.

65

Erich Lassota; extract in Liske's Viajes … por España (cf. Bibliography under "Sobieski") from R. Schottin's Tagebuch des Erich Lassota von Steblau (1573-94), Halle, 1866.