Ireland under the Tudors, with a Succinct Account of the Earlier History. Vol. 2 (of 3)

42

Brief collection of material points, Feb. 14; Private Memoranda by Cecil, March 1562 (No. 43); nameless correspondent to Shane O’Neill, March 21, with a note by Shane for the Council referring to other letters.

43

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, April 23, 1562. The murder is not mentioned by the Four Masters.

44

Machyn’s Diary, Feb. 13 and 14; Shane’s complaints to the Queen, March 13; Private Memoranda by Cecil, March (No. 43); Shane O’Neill to Lord Robert Dudley, Nov. 2, 1562; to the Cardinals of Lorraine and Guise, Feb. 1, 1567; Sir Nicholas Arnold to Cecil, Nov. 23, 1562. See Froude’s History of England, Elizabeth, chaps. v. and vii. The ‘Marquis’ alluded to by Shane, in his letter to the Cardinals, would seem to be D’Elbœuf; but was he in England with Shane?

45

Indentures between Queen Elizabeth and Shane O’Neill, April 30, 1562; Sidney’s opinion, April 11, substantially agreeing with the above. In his letter of Jan. 2 to Cecil, Sussex wrote that no man of credit accompanied Shane to England. Shane was back in Ireland by the end of May.

46

Lord-Lieutenant and Council to the Queen, Oct. 23 and Nov. 23, 1561; Sussex to Cecil, Dec. 20, 1561, and Jan. 2, 1562; to the Queen, Jan. 2.

47

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Jan. 15, Feb. 13, April 23, May 4; to the Queen, March 13 and 27; Sir H. Radclyffe to Cecil, Jan. 12; Ormonde to Sussex, Feb. 2; Kinsale, Cork, and Youghal to the Queen, April 8, 10, and 18; the Queen to the Lord Justice and Council, March 20.

48

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, April 14 and 29; Lord Justice and Council to the Queen, April 17.

49

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, May 13, with the enclosures; Matthew King to Cecil, May 7. King was Clerk of the Check, and of course saw a good deal.

50

Book by twenty-seven students of Ireland, March 21, 1562, and the documents arising out of it (52 to 59). Sir Oliver Plunket, of Rathmore, and twenty-six others to the Queen, May 27, and their letter of the same date to Lord R. Dudley.

51

Interrogatories by the Earl of Sussex, &c., March 21, and the answer, same date.

52

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, June 19, 1562; the Queen to Lady Desmond, June 7, 1562; Joan, Dowager Countess of Ormonde and Countess of Desmond, to Cecil, July 22, 1563.

53

Instructions to the Earl of Sussex, July 4, 1562; Report of the Earl of Sussex, 1562 (No. 236). Both in Carew.

54

Instructions for Sir N. Arnold, July 7, 1562; W. Bermingham to Northampton, July 16; Arnold to Cecil, Aug. 13.

55

Instructions for Sir N. Arnold, July 7; W. Bermingham to Northampton and Cecil, July 16; Arnold to Cecil, August 13; Instructions for the Earl of Sussex, July 3, the original in Carew; Sussex to Cecil, Aug. 23.

56

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, June 13 and 19, and Aug. 31, 1562; Sussex to Cecil, Aug. 1; Sussex to the Queen, Aug. 27, with the enclosures. The words of the safe-conduct are, to come and go, ‘absque ulla perturbatione sive molestatione nostra, sive alicujus subditi Dominæ nostræ Reginæ.’ Sussex reached Ireland on July 24.

57

Lord-Lieutenant and Council to the Queen, Sept. 20, with enclosures; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Sept. 20; Arnold to Cecil, Sept. 23; Sussex to the Queen, Sept 29.

58

Con O’Donnell to the Queen, Sept. 30, 1562; Calvagh O’Donnell to Sussex, Oct. 29; Sussex to the Queen, Sept. 29 and Oct. 1.

59

Extracted from three letters of Shane Maguire to Sussex, printed in Wright’s Queen Elizabeth, Aug. 15, Oct. 9 and 20, 1562, from the Cotton MSS. The last is also in the R.O. collection. The letter written to humour Shane, by the Lord-Lieutenant and Council to the Queen, is dated Oct. 20, and the Lord-Lieutenant’s corrective, Oct. 26.

60

O’Reilly and others to the Queen, Nov. 6, 1562, against ‘illum nepharium Johannem.’ Shane Maguire to the Lord-Lieutenant, Nov. 25; Sussex to Maguire, Dec. 15, and to the Privy Council, Dec. 28.

61

Lord-Lieutenant to Cecil, Sept. 29.

62

Sussex to the Queen, Sept. 6; Abstracts of Letters, Sept. 8; Calendar of Patent Rolls, Nov. 9, 5th Eliz. An anonymous duodecimo pamphlet of 29 pages calendared under June, 1562 (No. 37), is not in Parker’s hand, and he denied having written anything of the kind.

63

Sussex to the Privy Council, Feb. 5 and Feb. 19.

64

Lord-Lieutenant and Council to the Privy Council, Jan. 26; Sussex to the Privy Council, Feb. 5 and 19, 1563.

65

Sussex left Dundalk on April 5, and returned to it on the 25th. St. George’s Day was the 22nd. Many particulars in Carew, under June 7, 1563.

66

Shane O’Neill is the authority for the details, but they do not seem to have been disputed; see his memorial in Carew, 1565, p. 369. Sussex to the Queen, April 24, 1563. Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Feb. 20, 1573.

67

Sussex to the Privy Council, May 11, and to his own Council, May 20; and see his Journal in Carew, June 1 to 7.

68

Instructions for Ormonde and Kildare, July 26. Memorial of parley, July 30.

69

See the treaty in Carew, Sept. 11, 1563; Sussex to Shane O’Neill, Sept. 16.

70

See four letters from Shane O’Neill to the Queen, to Cecil, and to Cusack, all calendared under Nov. 18, 1563; also Terence Danyell to the Queen, Nov. 28.

71

Shane O’Neill to Cusack, Sept. 10, 1563 – ‘Per potionem vini in quo clam venenum, &c.’ Memorial for Cusack, Oct. 20, 1563; for Wroth and Arnold, same date. Cusack to Cecil, March 22, 1564. There was an apothecary named Thomas Smythe in Dublin about this time, and he was probably a relation of John, and may have got the poison for him. The would-be assassin was afterwards known as ‘Bottle Smythe;’ see Irish Archæological Journal, N.S., vol. i. p. 99.

72

Notes for musters, Sept. 8, 1563; Instructions to Arnold, Wrothe, and Dixe, Oct. 20, 1563, and Jan. 5, 1564, in Carew.

73

Orders for Desmond, Dec. 20, 1563.

74

Ormonde to Sussex, Dec. 10 and 17, 1563.

75

Desmond to the Privy Council, Dec. 20, 1563; the Queen to Desmond, Jan. 15, 1564.

76

Wrothe and Arnold to Cecil, Feb. 5, 1564, and to the Privy Council, March 14.

77

Wrothe to Cecil, July 13, 1564; see also same to same, March 16, April 7, 16, and 26.

78

Wrothe and Arnold to the Privy Council, April 7, 1564; Dixe to Cecil, May 10.

79

Bermingham’s Book of Defects in the Lord-Lieutenant’s band, July 1564 (No. 23), and other papers (Nos. 24 and 25); Memorandum in Cecil’s hand on Sir T. Wrothe’s letter of July 30; Dixe to Cecil, Nov. 22.

80

The Queen to Wrothe, Oct. 4, 1564; Dixe to Cecil, Nov. 22 and Jan. 26, 1565; Wrothe to Cecil, Nov. 14; Sir Henry Radclyffe, Sir George Stanley, and Captain George Delves to the Privy Council, with enclosures, Jan. 10, 1565.

81

For Radclyffe’s case, see his letter to Cecil, Jan. 31, 1565, and the memorial of his other letters, Feb. 4; Bermingham to Cecil, Feb. 24; Answer to the Commissioners by the Earl of Sussex; Auditor Dixe to Cecil, Jan. 17 and 26. Dixe says he was not disliked, because he kept himself ‘in a mean and quiet state.’ See the Queen’s letter to Lord Deputy Sidney, July 22, 1567.

82

Articles between Cusack and O’Neill, Nov. 18, 1563. The following is the article struck out by the Queen: – ‘Non est habendum pro violatione pacis si non accedat personaliter ad gubernatorem, antequam intelligat an is est illi amicus et favorabilis an non, et si aliqua contentio oriatur inter Angliam et Hiberniam a boreali parte, quod probi viri eligantur ab utraque parte ad dirimendum has controversias sine pacis violatione.’ Truce between Cusack and O’Neill, March 1, 1564; the Queen to Cusack, June 24, 1564; Privy Council to same, April 2; Cusack to Cecil, March 22; Randolph to same, Dec. 24 (S.P., Scotland); Cusack to Dudley, June 9; O’Neill to Lord Justice and Council, Aug. 18, 1564: – ‘Ipse autem et mei non intelleximus in hac boreali parte majores rebelles et proditores Celsitudini Reginæ quam Scotos qui absque Suæ Celsitudinis consensu usurpant.’

83

O’Donnell to the Queen, May 14 and Oct. 24, 1564; Wrothe to Lord R. Dudley, July 23. The deed for the surrender of Lifford is dated July 12. Old O’Donnell was released before April 17.

84

Wrothe to Lord R. Dudley, July 23, 1564; Cusack to same, June 9, and a paper dated June 13, which summarises his case against O’Donnell; Cusack to Cecil, June 9, and to Arnold, June 13. The Four Masters say Con O’Donnell was taken by Shane O’Neill, May 14, but they have not a word of the alleged breach of contract: they are, however, partial to the O’Donnell family.

85

Wrothe to Cecil, June 18; the Queen to Lord Justice and Council, July 15 and Dec. 13; Randolph to Cecil, Dec. 24, 1564 (S.P., Scotland).

86

Lord Justice and Council to O’Neill, Aug. 22 and Sept. 14; Terence Danyell to Lord Justice, Aug. 21 and Sept. 10; Shane O’Neill to Lord Justice and Council, Sept. 5 – ‘Non est opus nunc habere me suspectum quantum ad servicium impendendum contra Scotos.’ This did not prevent him from clamouring for aid at the Scotch Court; see Randolph’s letter before cited. Randolph had seen two of Shane’s letters. Lord Justice and Council to Piers, Sept. 17; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Jan. 17, 1565; and the Declaration of Sussex, Jan. 29.

87

Wrothe to Cecil, Oct. 21 and Nov. 2, 1564; Lord Justice and Council to Ormonde, Nov. 21. Some thirty years before Sir Barnaby’s father had assumed the character of an independent prince, when complaining to Henry VIII. of his sufferings at the hands of Ormonde’s grandfather. The story is that his messenger stood among the crowd of courtiers assembled to see the King pass, and called out ‘Sta pedibus, Domine Rex. Dominus meus MacGillapatricius misit me tibi dicere ut si non vis castigare Petrum Rufum, ipse faciet bellum contra te.’

88

Cusack to the Privy Council, June 8, 1564; Clanricarde to the Queen, April 12, 1565; Lord Justice and Council to Desmond, July 1, 1564; to Thomond, July 2; Desmond to Winchester, July 26; to Cecil, July 27; Wrothe to Lord R. Dudley, Aug. 16; Orders taken by Sir Thomas Cusack and others between the Earls of Desmond and Thomond; Desmond, Dunboyne, Curraghmore, and others to Cusack, Sept. 11. Stanley’s letter is in the Arch. Journal of Ireland, 3rd series, i. 405; Four Masters, 1564, who say Corcomroe Abbey, with its church patronage, was given to Donnell O’Brien as an equivalent for surrendering his claims by tanistry.

89

Earl of Ormonde’s proclamation, July 1, 1564. The copy in the R.O. is by Sir T. Wrothe’s clerk, and the signatures are not given.

90

Ormonde to Cecil, Nov. 22, 1564; Cusack to same, Jan. 12, 1565; Desmond’s petition to the Queen, June 1, 1565 (No. 53), and Ormonde’s answer, June 6.

91

The official correspondence about this affray is among the S.P., Ireland, Eliz., vol. xii. It is printed in the Irish Arch. Journal, 3rd series, i. 394. Russell, the Four Masters, O’Daly, and O’Sullivan Beare all say Desmond was outnumbered, and Ormonde treacherous. I see no reason to believe either statement. Desmond’s own account is certainly incorrect. Lord Power’s is unfortunately missing. The best is Sir George Stanley’s, who took the trouble to visit the place, and to make a sketch or plan; he is perhaps rather partial to Ormonde. The ‘ford’ of Affane was perhaps that over the tributary river Finisk. I have inspected the ground carefully. The Blackwater itself is mentioned by Desmond as being passable only by swimming or in boats. It is, on the other hand, generally believed that the ford in question was over the great river, and arms and spurs have been found near the bank. The Finisk, however, was on Ormonde’s direct road to Dromana, and the Blackwater was not.

92

Sir George Stanley and Sir W. Fitzwilliam to Cecil, April 3, 1565; Cusack to same, April 22; Lord Justice and Council to the Privy Council, April 23; Captain Nicholas Heron to the same, April 27.

93

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, May 17, 1565. The fight was on May 2.

94

Shane O’Neill to the Lord Justice, May 2; Gerot Fleming to Cusack, June (No. 82).

95

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, June 8, July 13, and Aug. 23; Gerot Fleming to Cusack, already cited. Sir Henry Sidney’s articles for Ireland, May 20, 1565.

96

Answers of Sir H. Radclyffe, F. Agarde, and the Earl of Sussex, Aug. 8, 1565. Fitzwilliam and Stanley generally supported Sussex. Arnold, Cusack, and Sidney inclined to Leicester’s side.

97

Answer of Sir H. Sidney, Aug. 8, 1565.

98

Sir H. Sidney’s simple opinion, Sept. 16, 1565; Opinion of the Earl of Sussex, Sept. 22. The twenty-seventh clause of the Statute of Kilkenny seems to the point: – ‘Item ordonne est que si debate soit entre Englois et Englois par quoi les Englois dune parte et daultre ceillent a eux Englois et Irrois en pais illeque a demourer pour guerre et greves aultre a grande domage al destruction de liege pouple du Roy, Accorde est et assentu que nule Englois soit si hardide mener guerre entre autre damener nuls Englois ny Irrois en paix desormais par telle a chescun, et si les faict et de ces soit atteint soit jugement de vie et de membres leur terres forfaitz.’

99

Submission of Desmond, Sept. 12, 1565, and of Ormonde, Sept. 24. Both recognizances are dated at Westminster, Nov. 22.

100

Curwen became Bishop of Oxford as Sidney advised.

101

Sir H. Sidney’s suits, May 20, 1565.

102

The Commission, dated Oct. 13, is in Sidney Papers, p. 86. Even the last draft of the instructions, dated Oct. 5, has the higher title, for which Lord Deputy was substituted on revision.

103

Instructions for Sir H. Sidney.

104

Instructions for Sir H. Sidney, Oct. 5, 1565.

105

The Queen to Lord Deputy Sidney, Nov. 12, 1565.

106

Instructions for Sir H. Sidney, Oct. 5, 1565.

107

Sidney Papers, vol. i. p. 7.

108

Shane O’Neill to the Lord Justice and Council, June 30, 1565; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Aug. 23.

109

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Aug. 23, 1565.

110

In his ‘articles,’ Dec. 2, 1565, Oliver Sutton accuses Arnold of frequenting low haunts. Writing to Shane, Aug. 27, Arnold says, ‘facta tua non quadrant cum meis laudibus’ Yet Fitzwilliam says the Council were not allowed to write the truth about Shane’s doings (to Cecil, Nov. 28). The Queen to Sir George Stanley, Oct. 23.

111

Sidney to Cecil from Chester, Nov. 24, 1565; from Hylbry, Dec. 3; from Beaumaris, Dec. 17; from Holyhead, Jan. 9; from Dublin, March 3, 1566; to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, Jan. 9; the Queen to Knollys, April 18, 1566. ‘I was never so weary of any place,’ Sidney wrote from Hylbry island. He landed near Dublin, Jan. 13, and was sworn in on the 20th.

112

These are wanting, but the mention of them shows that Shane was faithfully reported, otherwise we might have suspected the magniloquent Stukeley. Sidney to Leicester, March 1, 1566; to Shane, Feb. 24: – ‘De poeta seu rithmatore de cujus insolenti jurgio questus es, supplicium congruum sumemus.’ Sidney to Shane O’Neill, Jan. 21, Jan. 30 (sent by Stukeley), Feb. 9. Shane to Sidney, Jan. 26, Feb. 5, Feb. 18 (with enclosure). In the last letter Shane says, ‘Novi vestram suavissimam naturam (a Deo Optimo Maximo vobis datam) non inquinatam neque maculatam ed ad omnia bona promptam.’

113

Sidney to Leicester, March 1; to Cecil, March 3 and April 17.

114

Sidney to Cecil, April 17; Cecil to Sidney, June 16; Queen to Sidney, July 5.

115

Memorial for Sir F. Knollys, April 18, 1566; Cecil to Sidney, May 18; Knollys to Cecil, May 19 and 29.

116

Sidney to Cecil, June 9, 1566; Queen to Sidney, June 15 and July 8; Instructions for Randolph, July 8; Winchester to Sidney, July 31; Shane O’Neill to Charles IX. and to the Cardinal of Lorraine, April 25. See also in the Foreign Calendar Instructions for H. Killigrew, June 15; Elizabeth to Randolph, May 23, and Randolph to Cecil, same date. Cecil comforted Sidney with frequent letters, and the Lord Treasurer Winchester promised him hearty support.

117

Randolph to Cecil, Sept. 3, 1566. Sidney to Cecil, Aug. 19, and Loftus to Sussex, Sept. 3 (in Wright’s Queen Elizabeth). Thomas Lancaster to Cecil, Aug. 16.

118

Shane O’Neill to John of Desmond, Sept. 9. Sidney to the Privy Council, Sept. 9 and 14.

119

Sidney, Kildare, Bagenal, and Agard to the Queen, Nov. 12.

120

Randolph to Cecil, Oct. 27, 1566 (the day after O’Donnell’s death); Sidney to the Privy Council, Nov. 12; Captain Thomas Wilsford to Cecil, Nov. 15; Edward Horsey to Cecil, Nov. 21; George Vaughan to Winter, Dec. 18; Sidney to Cecil, Jan. 18, 1567; Four Masters, 1566.

121

Desmond to Sidney, Jan. 4, 1567. Sidney to the Queen, April 20.

122

Sidney to the Queen, April 20.

123

Ibid.

124

Sidney to the Queen, April 20, 1567; Sir John Mason to the Privy Council, June 29, 1550, printed by Fraser Tytler.

125

G. Vaughan to Winter, Dec. 18, 1566, and Jan. 13, 1567; Saintloo to Sidney, Jan. 13 and Feb. 8; Wilsford to Cecil, Feb. 16; Winchester to Sidney, March 26; Privy Council to Sidney, May 12; O’Sullivan Beare, Hist. Cath. iii. 5.

126

The MacDonnells landed May 18; Alexander Oge to Sidney, May 20; Lancaster to Cecil, May 31.

127

O’Donovan’s Four Masters; Hill’s MacDonnells of Antrim, p. 145; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, June 10, 1567; Campion; Hooker; Lancaster to Cecil, May 31.

128

Ware says he bases on Exchequer accounts his estimate of the cost of the wars with Shane O’Neill. ‘It amounted unto 147,407l. over and above the cesses laid on the country, and the damage sustained by the subject; and there were no less than 3,500 of her Majesty’s soldiers slain by Shane and his party during that time, besides what they slew of the Irish and Scots.’ The Four Masters say: ‘Grievous to the race of Owen, son of Nial, was the death of him who was slain, for Shane O’Neill had been their champion in provincial dignity and in time of danger and prowess.’ Campion. Hooker’s Chronicle in Holinshed.

129

Lord Chancellor and Council to the Queen, June 28; Winchester to Sidney, July 1; Tirlogh Luineach submitted on June 18; the Queen’s Letters of Thanks, July 5.

130

Naunton’s Fragmenta Regalia; the Queen to Sidney, June 11 and July 6; Cecil to Sidney, June 11.

131

Desmond to Cecil, June 24; similar letters were sent to the Queen and to the Lord Treasurer Winchester; Fitzsimons to the Lord Deputy, June 26.

132

Winchester to Sidney, July 17 and Aug. 10; Cecil to Sidney, and the Queen to same, Aug. 20; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Aug. 22; George Wyse to Cecil, June 20.

133

Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Sept. 14; Cecil and Winchester to Sidney, July 15; Note of Moneys, Sept. 30.

134

Weston to the Queen, Oct. 8; Lords Justices to the Queen, Oct. 30; same to Cecil, Oct. 30 and 31; Weston to Cecil, Oct. 8; Earl of Clanricarde to the Queen, Oct. 22.

135

Lords Justices to the Queen, Dec. 12; Thos. Scott to Cecil, Dec. 14 and 21; Queen to Lords Justices, Dec. 24; Lords Justices to Cecil, Nov. 23; Fitzwilliam to Cecil, Nov. 27. The award of Draycott, M. R., Nugent, S. G., and Serjeant Finglas, is printed from a MS. at Kilkenny, in the Irish Archæological Journal, 1st series, iii. 341.

136

Memorial by Cecil, Dec. 22, 1567; Indenture between the Queen and O’Connor Sligo, Jan. 20, 1568; the Queen to the Lords Justices, Jan. 25; Hugh O’Donnell to the Lords Justices, March 26.

137

Tirlogh Luineach to the Lords Justices, Nov. 24, 1567; to Piers, Jan. 20, and to Bagenal, Jan. 17, 1568; Bagenal to the Lords Justices, Feb. 5 and Dec. 2, 1567. Tirlogh calls the Campbells Clan Veginbhne and Clan Meginbhne, names which puzzle me. Argyle he calls ‘Dominus Machali comes de Argyle.’ Terence Danyell to the Lords Justices, Dec. 10, 1567

138

Gregory’s Western Highlands, new ed. pp. 203, sqq. Sir Nicholas White’s conversation with Mary in his letter to Cecil, Feb. 29, 1569 (in Wright’s Queen Elizabeth); Piers and Maltby to Sidney, Oct. 6, 1567, and to the Lords Justices, Nov. 18 and Dec. 6; the Queen to the Lords Justices, Dec. 10 and 24; Fitzwilliam to the Queen, Jan. 22, 1568; and to Cecil, Dec. 20, 1567. Peace was granted to Sorley Boy on Dec. 20.

139

Many of the authorities are collected by O’Donovan in his note to the Four Masters, 1577. It is not clear that the quotation from Captain Lee’s Brief Declaration, which was printed by Curry from a MS. in Trinity College, Dublin, refers to this transaction at all. O’Donovan did not know of the entry in the Lough Cé Annals; he points out that Curry only seems to have relied on Moryson’s authority. In his curious memoir on Ireland it is evident that O’Connell copied Curry without even consulting Moryson: he held a great ‘repeal’ meeting at Mullaghmast. I have found no reference to the massacre in any State paper. The following is Dowling’s entry: – ‘Moris … cum 40 hominibus de sua familia, post confederationem suam cum Rory O’More et super quadam protectione, interfectus fuit apud Molaghmastyn in comitatu Kildarie, ad eundem locum ad id propositum per Magistrum Cosby et Robertum Hartpole, sub umbra servitii accersitus collusorie.’

140

Lady Desmond to the Commissioners in Munster, Jan. 13, 1568; to the Lords Justices, March 19. Bishop of Meath and others to the Lords Justices, Feb. 1; Lords Justices to the Queen, March 23.