India Under British Rule

INDEX

A

Adoption, question of, 175;

present aspect, 177

Afghanistan, Elphinstone's mission, 103;

Russian advances, 143;

first Afghan war, 146;

insurrection at Cabul, 149;

British losses in the Khyber Pass, 150;

end of war, 152;

vulnerable frontier, 186;

death of Dost Mohammed Khan, 290;

fratricidal war, 291;

Shere Ali Khan, ib.;

second Afghan war under Lord Lytton, 296

Agnew, Mr. Vans, murdered at Multan, 161

Agra, captured by General Lake, 95;

presidency formed, 128;

water way, 171;

isolation during the sepoy mutinies, 215, 231

Ajmere, acquired by the British, 120

Akalis, Sikh fanatics, 156, 157

Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammed, heads revolt at Cabul, 149;

murders Sir William Macnaghten, 150

Alam, Shah, Padishah, seeks British protection, 95

Alexander the Great, defeat of Porus, 163;

his invasion of India, 225

Alighur, fortress of, captured by Lake, 94

Aliwal, battle of, 159

Allahabad, at the junction of the Jumna and Ganges, 171;

position during the sepoy revolt, 215, 217, 220, 238;

mutiny and massacre, 241;

fortress besieged, ib.;

relieved by General Neill, 242

Amherst, Lord, Governor-General, 120;

first Burmese war, 121;

Bhurtpore war, 122

Amir Khan, an Afghan Pindhari, 105;

founds principality of Tonk, 112, 113;

surrenders to the British, 115

Amritsar, city of, 155

Andaman Islands, 294

Anderson, Lieut., murdered at Multan, 161

Anson, General, at Simla, 216;

movements at the revolt of Delhi, 216-271;

his death, ib.

Appa Sahib, defeated by the British, 117;

flight from Nagpore, ib.;

succeeded by his grandson, ib.

Arakan, annexed by the British government, 122, 169

Arcot, captured by Clive, 34;

suppresses mutiny at Vellore, 100

Arrah, besieged by rebels, 266;

relieved by Major Eyre, 267

Asia, Central and Northern, the cradle of India, 142;

rise of Nadir Shah, 143;

rise of British power in, 145

Asiatics of India, better phrase than "native," 186;

characteristic craft, 240;

officials, 300

Asiatic rulers, acknowledge British supremacy, 301;

British political officers in India, 302

Assam, overrun by Burmese, 121;

acquired by the British, 122;

tea cultivation, 123

Assaye, battle of, 94

Attock, fortress of, captured by Dost Mohammed Khan, 163

Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, 141;

declares war against Dost Mohammed Khan, 145;

sends expedition against Cabul, 146

Aurangzeb, the Great Mogul, 21;

stops supply of saltpetre to the British at the bidding of Turkey, 25;

his death, 31;

persecutes the Sikhs, 155;

detested by the Sikhs, 222

Ava, see Burma

B

Baird, Sir David, commands storming party at Seringapatam, 86

Bala Hissar, fortress of, 148

Barlow, Sir George, provisional Governor-General, 98;

political half measures, 99;

sacrifices revenue in Bundelkund, 101;

annuls protective treaties, 104

Barnard, Sir Henry, commander-in-chief in 1857, advances against Delhi, 218;

his death, 230

Baroda, Gaekwar of, 112

Barrackpore, cantonment and park, near Calcutta, 192;

story of the Lascar and Brahman, 194;

sepoy agitation, 196;

incendiarism, 197;

outbreak of Mungal Pandy, 201;

disbandment of 19th Native Infantry, 202;

of the 34th Native Infantry, 205

Barwell, Mr., member of the Council of Warren Hastings, 65

Bassein, efforts of the British at Bombay to acquire from the Mahrattas, 72;

treaty of 1802 concluded with the Peishwa, 92, 119 note

Bayley, Sir Edward Clive, Home Secretary to Sir John Lawrence, his knowledge of Indian history, 288

Behar, a province of Bengal, 42-44, 127, 129;

mutinies at Patna, Dinapore, and Arrah, 266

Benares, ceded to the British, 73;

turbulent population, 235;

triumph of Mr. Gubbins, 236;

mutiny of sepoys, 237

Bengal, early English trade, 25;

British supervisors, 55;

terrible famine, ib.;

British administration, 58;

zemindari system of land revenue, ib.;

no village communities, 128;

people, 190

Bengal army, see Sepoys

Bentinck, Lord William, recalled from Madras, 101;

Governor-General, 123;

wise and just administration, ib.;

civil and judicial reforms, 126;

appoints Asiatic officials, 127;

settles land revenue in the North-West Provinces, 131, 167;

popularity, 140;

appoints Asiatic deputy collectors, 166

Berhampore, sepoys at, 192;

mutiny against greased cartridges, 198

Berar, British relations with, 72;

vacillations of the Raja, 95; see Nagpore

Bhotan, beyond Northern India, expedition to, 293

Bhurtpore, Jhat Raja of, pays a heavy fine to the British, 98;

destruction of the fortress, 122

Bithoor, palace of Nana Sahib, 244;

destroyed by Havelock, 259

Bombay, old fortress and town, 24;

interference in Mahratta affairs, 73;

bravery of sepoys, 118;

acquires the territories of the Peishwa, 134;

stagnation, 139;

want of roads, 172;

state education, 278;

cotton speculations, 287;

failure of Bank, ib.

Brahmans, hereditary schoolmasters, astrologers, and priests, 129;

survival of, 131;

position in the Bengal army, 188, 191

Britain, Great, an Asiatic power, 140, 180, 276

Buller, Sir Arthur, his opposition in legislative council, 281

Bundelkund, lawless condition of, 101;

chiefs of, defy the British, ib.;

peace restored, 102;

condition, 255, 289 note

Burma, aggressive demands of the officials, 120;

invade British territory, 121;

end of first war, 122;

second war, 168

Burnes, Sir Alexander, at Cabul, 148;

environed by Afghan mob, 149;

murdered, ib.

Buxar, battle of, 52

C

Cabul, see Afghanistan

Cachar, under British rule, 122;

tea cultivation, 123

Calcutta, founded, 28;

captured by the Nawab of Bengal, 35;

Black Hole tragedy, 38;

recaptured, 42;

auction sales of lands, 60;

British garrison of, 186, 192

Campbell, Sir Archibald, at Rangoon, 121

Campbell, Sir Colin, commander-in-chief, Bengal army, 271;

sets out for Lucknow, ib.;

reaches Residency, ib.;

brings away besieged, ib.

Canara, landholders and land revenue of, 133

Canning, Lord, Governor-General, 181;

war with Persia, ib.;

settlement with the Delhi family, 182;

uneasy about Oudh, ib.;

alarm of the sepoys at Barrackpore, 192;

mutiny at Berhampore, 200;

outbreak at Barrackpore, 201;

disaffection in Oudh, 202;

disbandments at Barrackpore, 202, 205;

mutiny at Meerut, 206, 208;

orders General Anson to Delhi, 217;

refuses to abandon Peshawar, 229;

offends non-official Europeans at Calcutta, 279;

turns the executive council of India into a cabinet, 281;

departure and death, 285

Carnatic in Southern India, conquered by Aurangzeb, 22;

war between Great Britain and France, 32;

interference of the Nawab, ib.;

rival Nawabs, 33;

invasions of Hyder, 74;

acquired by Lord Wellesley and incorporated with the Madras Presidency, 87, 88

Cashmere, conquered by Runjeet Singh, 103;

sold by Lord Hardinge to Golab Singh, 160;

relations with the British government, 289

Caste in Bengal army, 191;

its disadvantages, ib.

Cavagnari, Sir Louis, murdered at Cabul, 297

Cawnpore on the Ganges, British cantonment in Lord Lake's time, 94;

position, 171, 175;

outbreak of the sepoy mutinies, 233;

story of Cawnpore, 243;

peril of General Wheeler, 244;

palace of Nana Sahib at Bithoor, 245;

suspense, 248;

mutiny, 251;

treachery of Nana Sahib, 252;

revolting cruelties, ib.;

massacre, 254;

advance of Havelock, 256;

story of the "well," 258;

defeat of Wyndham, 272;

victory of Sir Colin Campbell, ib.

Central India, feudatory Asiatic states and chiefships, 289 note

Central Provinces, under Home Office, 297

Chamberlain, Neville, his flying column in the Punjab, 224;

services at the siege of Delhi, 227, 230

Charnock, Job, imprisoned and scourged by the Nawab of Bengal, 25;

flies to Madras, 27;

founds Calcutta, 28

Charters, see East India Company

Child, Sir Joseph, frames a municipal corporation for Madras, 16;

makes war on the Great Mogul, 25;

plans the protection of British trade in India by three great fortresses, 26;

his humiliation, 27

Chillianwalla, battle of, 163, 164

China, East India Company's trade with, 138

Chout, paid by the Mogul to the Mahrattas, 28;

plunder of Bengal and the Carnatic for non-payment, 32;

Mahratta demands on the Nizam, 82;

demanded by Holkar, 96

Clavering, General, appointed member of council, 66;

insolence to Warren Hastings and Elijah Impey, 67, 68

Cleveland, Augustus, humanises the Sonthals, 78

Clive, Robert, saves British interests in India by the capture of Arcot, 34;

expedition to Calcutta after the Black Hole disaster, 40;

victory at Plassy, 42;

instals a new Nawab, 43;

relieves the Mogul Prince Imperial, 45;

refuses the post of Dewan to the Great Mogul, ib.;

offers it to William Pitt, 46;

Governor of British settlements in Bengal, 53;

accepts the Dewani, 54;

returns to England, 55;

inferior authority to that of Warren Hastings, 56

Code, Penal, 281

Colvin, Mr. John, besieged in fortress of Agra, 220, 231 note

Combermere, Lord, captures fortress of Bhurtpore, 122

Company, see East India

Cornwallis, Lord, appointed Governor-General, 78;

proclaims the perpetual settlement, 79;

judicial reforms, ib.;

war against Tippu, 80;

Governor-General a second time, 98;

dies, ib.

Councils, executive and legislative, see Government

Courts, see Judicature

Currie, Sir Frederic, Resident at Lahore, 161

D

Dalhousie, Lord Governor-General, 161;

enters on the second Sikh war, 163;

annexes the Punjab, 164;

introduces British administration, 166;

second Burmese war, 168;

annexation of Pegu, 169;

progressive policy, 170;

public works, ib.;

roads, 171;

railways, 173;

telegraphs, 174;

Ganges canal, ib.;

annexation policy, 175;

question of adoption, 176;

annexation of Jhansi and Oudh, 177;

opens the legislative council of India, 179;

leaves India, 180

Deccan, definition of the term, 2;

Mohammedan Sultans of Golconda, 22;

bad roads, 172

Delhi, capital of the Mogul empire, 44;

flight of the Prince Imperial to Calcutta, ib.;

proposed British expedition stopped by Clive, 53;

defended by Ochterlony against Holkar, 95;

occupied and plundered by Nadir Shah, 144;

water-way to Calcutta, 173;

family of the last of the Moguls, 182;

occupied by the rebel sepoys from Meerut, 208;

the city and its surroundings, 210;

massacre of Europeans, 213;

explosion of the magazine, 214;

rebel successes, 216;

avenged, 219;

the siege, 221;

the capture, 230;

imperial assemblage at, 295

Denison, Sir William, Provisional Governor-General, 286;

returns to Madras, ib.

Dharna, sitting in, 81;

abolished, ib.

Dhuleep Singh, nominal sovereign of the Punjab, 157

Dinapore, European regiment at, 186;

mutiny at, 266

Dost Mohammed Khan, ruler of Afghanistan, 145;

defeated by the British, 146;

a prisoner at Calcutta, 147;

returns to Cabul, 152;

recovers Peshawar during second Sikh war, 162, 163;

helped by the British in the Persian war, 181;

death, 290;

wars between his sons, 291

Dravidian races, 142

Dumdum arsenal, near Calcutta, 186;

musketry school at, 192

Dupleix, French Governor of Pondicherry, 32;

his brilliant success, 33;

appointed Nawab of the Carnatic, ib.;

ruin of his schemes by Clive, 34;

return to France, ib.;

disgrace and death of, ib.

Durand, Sir H., Foreign Secretary, 288;

relations with Sir John Lawrence, 289;

proposed restoration of Mysore, 292

Dutch, settlements of, 9

E

East India Company, charter and factories, 1;

English house at Surat, 4;

territory and fortress at Madras, 7;

Fort St. George, 12;

charter from James II. for municipal corporation, 16;

settlement at Bombay, 24;

at Hughly, 25;

war against the Great Mogul, 26;

submission, 27;

war with France, 32;

saved by Robert Clive, 34;

Black Hole tragedy, 35;

Plassy, 42;

exasperated by their civil servants at Calcutta, 53;

accepts the office of Dewan for Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, 54;

orders Warren Hastings to assume the direct administration, 56;

false position of the Company in Bengal, 69;

first war against the Mahrattas, 71;

Fox's hostile India bill, 75;

Pitt's Board of Control, 76;

trial of Warren Hastings, 77;

wars of Lord Wellesley, 84;

conquest of Mysore, 86;

annexation of the Carnatic, 88;

subsidiary alliances, 89;

second Mahratta war, 94;

recall of Lord Wellesley from Bengal, 98;

recall of Lord William Bentinck from Madras, 101;

war against Nipal, 108;

Pindhari and Mahratta wars, 110;

paramount power in India, 120;

first Burmese war, ib.;

administration of Lord William Bentinck, 123;

stages in the relations between the Company and the Crown, 135;

old East India House, 136;

patronage under Pitt's bill, 137;

charters of 1813 and 1833 granted by Parliament, 138;

abolition of licences, ib.; constitutional changes, 139;

appointment of Lord Macaulay, ib.;

charter of 1833, its evil results, ib.;

an Asiatic power, 141;

first Sikh war, 154;

second Sikh war, 161;

acquisition of the Punjab, 165;

second Burmese war, 168;

splendid administration of Lord Dalhousie, 170;

question of adoption, 175;

annexation of Oudh, 177;

end of charter of 1833, 178;

competitive examinations for the Indian civil and new legislative council of India, 179;

sepoy revolt, 185, 232;

end of the East India Company, 275

Edinburgh, Duke of, visit to India, 295

Education in India, 277;

state system, 278;

Bible teaching, 279

Edwardes, Herbert, defeats rebels at Multan, 161, 162;

opposes withdrawal from Peshawar, 229

Elgin, Lord, sends British regiments to Lord Canning, 233;

Viceroy and Governor-General, 286

Ellenborough, Lord, Governor-General, 151;

hears news of Khyber Pass disaster, ib.;

interferes in Gwalior, 152;

recalled, 154;

proposes removal of the Delhi family, 182

Elphinstone, Mountstuart, his mission to Cabul, 103;

Resident at Poona, 112;

negotiations with the Mahratta Peishwa, 113;

destruction of his library, 116;

Governor of Bombay, 134;

conservatism in India, 299;

its failure, 300

Empress of India, proclamation of, 295

F

Ferozshahar, battle of, 158, 159

Foreign Office, Indian, relations with Asiatic states, 289;

misleading term, 290 note

Fort St. George, see Madras

Fort William, see Calcutta

Francis, Mr. Philip, member of Bengal Council, reputed author of the Letters of Junius, 66;

jealous hatred of Warren Hastings, ib.;

bitter charges against Hastings and Impey, 67, 68;

denounces appointment of Impey to the Sudder, 70;

fights a duel and returns to England, 75

Frere, Sir Bartle, Governor of Bombay, 286;

his career, 287

Frontier tribes on the north-west, 225

G

Gaekwar of Baroda, 112, 289 note

Ganges canal, 174

Ganges, river, 171, 175

George III., his hostility to Fox's India Bill, 137;

accepts presents from Warren Hastings, 296

Ghorka, conquest of Nipal, 106;

war against British government, 108-110

Gillespie, Colonel, commands garrison at Arcot, 100;

suppresses mutiny at Vellore, 101

Goa, the capital of Portuguese India, 2

Goddard, Colonel, leads an expedition from Calcutta to Bombay against Mahratta country, 73

Godwin, General, commands expedition to Burma, 169

Golab Singh buys Cashmere from Lord Hardinge, 160

Goojerat, battle of, 164

Gough, Sir Hugh, commands army in Gwalior, 153;

his victory at Maharajpore, 154;

battles at Moodki and Ferozshahar, 158;

at Sobraon, 159;

Chillianwalla, 163;

Goojerat, 164

Government, old merchant rule in Madras, 5, 8, 12;

municipal experiments, 14, 16;

Nawab rule in Bengal, 43;

offer of the Dewani, 45;

Great Mogul installed in British factory at Patna, 48;

collision between the British and the Nawab in Bengal, 49;

Clive's double government, 54;

Warren Hastings a sovereign ruler, 56;

British zemindar at Calcutta, 59;

appointment of British collectors, 61;

members of council at Calcutta appointed by Parliament, 65;

quarrels, 66;

Governor-General in Council empowered by parliament to make laws, 69;

changes under the charter of 1833, 135;

executive council remodelled by Lord Canning, 280;

legislative councils of 1854 and 1861-6, 179, 284;

relations of legislative and executive, 293;

British India a school for Asiatics, 297

Govind, Guru, 155;

founder of the Sikh Khalsa, 156

Graves, Brigadier, commands station at Delhi, 209, 210;

preparations to resist rebel sepoys from Meerut, 211;

escapes to Flagstaff Tower, 213

Gubbins, Mr. Frederic, his municipal reforms at Benares, 235, 236

Gwalior, fortress of, captured, 73;

interference and war by Lord Ellenborough, 152

Gwalior contingent formed, 154;

mutiny of, 228, 229;

victory of, at Cawnpore, 272

H

Hands, Right and Left, Hindu antagonism in Southern India, 10, 11;

see also 39 note

Hardinge, Lord, Governor-General, 154;

commands the army at Moodki, 158;

at Sobraon, 159;

settles the government of the Punjab under a regency, 160;

returns to England, 161

Harris, General, commands British army against Mysore, 86

Hastings, Warren, appointed Governor of Bengal, 56;

virtually sovereign of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, ib.;

previous career, 57;

introduces British administration, 58;

dealings with the zemindars and land revenue, 59, 61;

judicial administration, 62 creates the Sudder Court, 64;

surprised by the arrival of three new members of council, and the creation of the Supreme Court, 65;

appointed Governor-General, ib.;

quarrel with Philip Francis, 66;

trial and execution of Nundcomar, 67;

inaction, ib.;

collision between the Supreme Court and the Sudder, 68;

points in dispute, 69;

settled by parliament, ib.;

alleged corruption of Elijah Impey, 70;

war with the Mahrattas, 71;

plottings of three Asiatic powers, 73;

Hyder invades the Carnatic, 74;

interference of parliament, 75;

India bills of Fox and Pitt, ib.;

returns to England, 76;

trial in Westminster Hall, ib.;

case of the Oudh Begums, ib.;

services of Hastings, 77, 78;

presents to George III., 296

Hastings, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, 107;

war against Nipal, 108;

converted from non-intervention to imperialism, 110;

suppresses Pindhari raids and Mahratta disaffection, 111;

humiliation of Sindia, 113;

submission of Amir Khan of Tonk, 114;

treachery, defeat, and flight of the Peishwa, 115;

dealings with Nagpore, 116;

defeat of Holkar, 117;

capture and conquest of the Peishwa, 118, 119;

renewal of protective treaties in Rajputana, 120

Havelock, General, his career in India, 256;

advance on Cawnpore during the sepoy mutinies, ib.;

hangs a deputy collector, 258;

enters Cawnpore after the massacre, ib.;

advances towards Lucknow, 259;

retreats, 266;

second advance with Outram, 268;

relief of the garrison, 269;

death, 272

Herat, besieged by Persia, 145;

defended by Eldred Pottinger, 151;

second siege by Persia, 181

Hindus, protected against European soldiers at Madras, 14;

rebel against the house tax, 15;

municipality in the 17th century, 16;

abolition of Suttee, 123;

overawed by Thugs, 125;

village communities in the

North-West Provinces, 128;

in the Madras Presidency, 131;

ancient colonisation, ib.;

ancient migrations from Central and Northern Asia, 142;

accept Sikh religion in the Punjab, 155;

absence of roads in Hindu kingdoms, 172;

belief in adoption but reluctant to adopt, 175;

caste system, 188, 191;

worship of the cow and horror of beef, 195;

forced conversions to Islam, 196;

hostility of the Brahmans at Benares, stamped out by Mr. Gubbins, 235;

Hindu culture, 298;

child marriages, ib.;

temper, ib.;

social despotism, 299;

failure of hereditary officials, 300;

successful training, ib.

Holkar, Jaswant Rao, the bandit, 92;

drives the Peishwa from Poona, ib.;

occupies Indore territory, 93;

relations with the British, 95;

defiance, 96;

campaign of Lord Lake, ib.;

Monson's disastrous retreat, 97;

joined by Sindia, etc., ib.;

flies to the Punjab, 99;

confined as a madman, ib.;

dies of cherry brandy, 111;

see Indore

Holkar, see Indore

Holwell, Mr., elected Governor of Calcutta, during the siege, 38;

sells Calcutta lands by auction, 60

Hughly, old Portuguese fortress at, 19;

demolished in punishment for slave dealing, 20;

British factory at, 25;

Mogul oppressions, ib.;

British retreat to Madras, 27

Hyder Ali, of Mysore, desolates the Carnatic, 74

Hyderabad, disbandment of French battalions, 85;

subsidiary force at, 113

I

Impey, Sir Elijah, first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at Calcutta, 65;

charges against, 70

Indore, revolt of the army of Holkar, 115;

defeated at Mehidpore, 117;

subsidiary alliance, 118;

outbreak during the mutinies, 272;

political relations, 289 note

J

Java, wrested from the Dutch, 104;

restored to Holland, ib.

Jeypore, Raja of, fights for princess of Oodeypore, 105;

asks British government to arbitrate, 106

Jhansi, massacre at, 176, 255

Jodhpore, Raja of, contends for princess of Oodeypore, 105;

asks British to arbitrate, 106

Judicature, justices of the Choultry at Madras, 13;

mayor's court, 31;

British zemindar at Calcutta, 59;

magistrates and judges, 62;

courts of circuit and appeal, 63;

chief court or Sudder, 64;

patriarchal system, ib.;

supreme court of barrister judges, 65;

collisions, 67, 68;

judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis, 79;

of Lord William Bentinck, 126;

Asiatic judges, 127;

amalgamation of Supreme Court and Sudder in the existing High Courts, 284;

Asiatic judges and magistrates, 285;

proposed changes, 300

Julinder, mutiny at, 227

K

Kali, goddess, worshipped by the Thugs, 124;