The War at Troy

‘Then you shall have your wish,’ Peleus said. ‘But I will keep my spear until I am sure I have a son who is fit to wield it.’

Already a skilled horseman, athlete and hunter, Achilles had never shown any concern for his own safety, and with hurt pride and anger prominent among his emotions now, he took to the volatile world of the common soldiery in much the same way that he had once felt at home among the Centaurs. Soon he began to acquire all the murderous skills of a professional fighting man.

One day his father came to watch him working with sword and spear on the practice field and was so impressed by his progress that he immediately agreed to make enquiries when Achilles asked whether Patroclus might not be allowed to come and train with him among the Myrmidons. Menoetius, who had run into similar difficulties with his own disgruntled son, readily consented, and the boys rushed to greet each other as though they had been deprived of air and light in the time when they were apart.

Over the next few years they grew ever closer – two young men united by a love so intense that they would gladly die, and kill, for each other.

Among their mentors was a commander named Phoenix, who had no children of his own, and to whom Achilles gave much of the affection that he denied to his father. Phoenix was one of the few Dolopians who had remained loyal to Peleus at the time when most of his people were migrating to Skyros, and though he was a Myrmidon warrior first and foremost, he had not renounced all the customs of his clan. So there was more than a touch of the old religion about him still. Fascinated by the blue tattoo etched into the skin of his thigh, Achilles was intrigued to learn that it was a mark of an initiation that Phoenix had undergone during the spring rites on his passage from boyhood into manhood. For a time he seemed reluctant to say any more, but Achilles reminded his tutor that he too had Dolopian blood through his mother’s side and began to ply him with more questions about his tribal heritage. The answers came slowly at first and then, when Phoenix saw how much it mattered to the boy, more freely. The vague restlessness that still sometimes troubled Achilles took on clearer form. He began to dream of his mother.

Odysseus visited Iolcus about this time and witnessed a violent argument between Peleus and Achilles. Peleus came away from it red-faced and distraught, calling for wine and complaining that Thetis was drawing their son away from him by some magical power with which he could not compete.

‘But the boy has a right to know who his mother is,’ Odysseus said, ‘and he will soon be of an age to go whether you forbid him or not. Perhaps it might be better in the long run if he went with your consent.’

Peleus grimly shook his head. ‘You’ve never met the witch who was my wife. You don’t know the kind of power she has. And Achilles is my only son and heir. I’m afraid that if I let him go to Skyros he might not come back.’

‘Such things are for the gods to decide,’ Odysseus answered, ‘but one way or another he’s going to have to get this thing out of his system. Why not allow the boy to go to Skyros but insist that he goes alone? After all, the strongest tie in his life is to his friend Patroclus. He won’t want to be separated from him for long.’

Peleus eventually saw the sense of this and acted on it. Achilles proved so reluctant to be separated from Patroclus again that for a time it looked as though he might not go at all. But the draw proved stronger than the tie. He sailed for Skyros when he was fourteen years old. As Peleus had feared, he remained there for rather longer than Odysseus had anticipated.

Skyros is a windy island out beyond Euboea in the eastern sea, about half way between Mycenae and Troy. The people there have a picturesque tale to tell about the expedition that Odysseus made to the island to retrieve Achilles.

According to them, Thetis was an immortal goddess with prophetic powers who knew that her son’s life must either be long, peaceful and obscure, or filled with undying glory and very brief. It was for this reason that she had decided to place Achilles far out of harm’s way on remote Skyros.

When Odysseus came to the island he could see no sign of the boy anywhere among the young men who lived at the court of King Lycomedes. Realizing that only cunning would prise Achilles out of hiding, Odysseus returned to his ship and came back the next day disguised as a Sidonian merchant. Having regained entry to the court, he laid out his rich store of wares on the floor before an excited gathering of young women and girls. Most of the treasures he displayed were chosen to catch their eyes – embroidered dresses, bales of cloth, perfumes and cosmetics, necklaces, bangles and other fancy baubles. Among these pretty things, however, Odysseus also placed a sword and a shield which attracted no attention whatsoever until the chattering gaggle of girls picking through his delightful assortment of goods were startled by the sudden blast of a trumpet in the yard outside. When the cry went up that the island was under attack from pirates, the girls ran from the room in alarm – all that is save one, who reached eagerly for the sword and shield.

Smiling at the success of his ruse, Odysseus brought Achilles away to the war.

It’s a good story, and no less good for the fact that much the same tale is told of the way their great heroes emerged into manhood by the people of the Indus far to the east and on Apollo’s island of the Hyperboreans far to the north. But the truth as I learned it from Odysseus is somewhat different.

From the moment that his ship put in on the strand below the high rock where the castle of Lycomedes perched, facing the sea one way and the little town the other, it was clear that Odysseus would not receive a warm welcome on Skyros. The Dolopians had kept open their channels of communication with the mainland and they knew why he was coming. Odysseus was courteously prevented from seeing Achilles while Lycomedes reminded his guest that his people had chosen a different destiny from that of the other Thessalians and had no wish to become embroiled in a war which was none of their concern. Odysseus answered that he respected the choice they had made, but Achilles son of Peleus was no Dolopian. He was the sole heir to a great king in Iolcus who now required him to take up his royal duties and lead the Myrmidons to the war at Troy.

At that moment their conversation was interrupted by a woman’s voice from the back of the draughty hall.

‘A man’s destiny is not determined only by the claims of his father.’

Odysseus turned to look at a tall, stately woman wearing a dark green robe shot through with colours like a peacock’s tail. The derision in her voice was matched by the cold hauteur of her gaze. She must, Odysseus thought, have been very beautiful once, but those fiercely hooded eyes were more likely to exact obedience these days than adoration. He sensed at once that King Lycomedes was deeply in awe of her.

Beginning to understand for the first time why Peleus had found it so hard to deal with his wife, Odysseus declared himself honoured to have met Thetis at last, having already heard so much about her.

‘But only from those who slander me,’ she said.

‘From those who respect your power, madam.’

‘If that is true then you must know that I will not willingly give up my son again.’

‘And if you are truly his mother,’ Odysseus answered quietly, ‘you will leave him free to choose for himself – as his father did.’

Thetis made a dismissive gesture with a heavily ringed hand. ‘Achilles has already chosen. On this island he has learned the beauty of what he has hitherto been denied – the wisdom and consolation that is to be found only in the loving service of womankind. He is the chosen one of Deidameia, the daughter of King Lycomedes, and has already fathered a son on her. He has made his life here and is content with it. So go and fight your man’s war if you must. My son wishes only to be left in peace.’

‘I might believe it,’ Odysseus said, ‘if I were to hear it from his own lips.’

The lamplight cast a shadow on the hollows of Thetis’s gaunt cheeks. An emerald necklace glistened at her throat. ‘Achilles is preparing to take part in the spring rite tomorrow,’ she answered coldly. ‘He has no desire to see you.’

‘But he knows that I’m here?’

‘He has no need to know.’

‘Surely that too is for him to decide?’

Thetis merely shrugged and glanced away.

‘If you are not afraid of me,’ Odysseus said, ‘you will tell him that the friend who made it possible for him to come to Skyros wishes to speak with him.’

‘I have no fear of you, Ithacan.’

Odysseus smiled. ‘Then tell your son that I also bring word from his friend Patroclus. Perhaps he will speak to me when the rites are done.’

Odysseus was excluded from the inner mystery of the rite that took place on Skyros the next day but they could not keep him from joining the crowd that witnessed the procession afterwards. After hours of waiting in the sunlight he heard the clangour of approaching bells, and then the crowd were shouting and singing. His heart jumped as the procession rounded a corner of the narrow street and he was looking up at the huge, bear-like figure of a man hooded and caped in sheepskins, and with no face – for beneath the hood dangled only a featureless shaggy mask made from the flayed skin of a goat-kid. The man carried a shepherd’s crook, and around his waist and hips were tied row upon row of goat bells which clattered and jangled as he danced along the street with a curious swinging amble designed to make all his bells ring. At his side danced what Odysseus took to be the veiled figure of a maiden wearing long, flounced skirts, but as more and more such figures appeared, he realized that these were in fact young men dressed in maiden’s clothing.

Among them ran other, more comical figures holding long-necked gourds with which they made obscene gestures to the delight of the old women in the crowd. The air began to stink of wine and sweat. The din made by hundreds of bells was painful on his ears. But he was caught up in the noisy tumult of the cavalcade, wanting only to drink and dance and give himself over to the frenzy of the god. And then he became aware of one of the female figures faltering in the dance to stare at him with a shocked look of recognition, and he knew that hidden behind those veils and flounces stood the suddenly discomfited figure of the young man he had come to fetch from the island.

They talked together that night. Odysseus allowed Achilles space to tell about the life he had made on Skyros, of his love for Deidameia and their little son, whom they had called Pyrrhus because of his reddish-blond hair. He talked of the warm sense of return and homecoming he had found among his mother’s people, and how Thetis herself had supervised his initiation into mysteries that had previously lain beyond the reach of his gauche, juvenile emotions. He claimed that never in his life – not even in the years at Cheiron’s school – had he felt so at peace.

Odysseus listened with the kind of patience and sympathy that Achilles had never found in his father. He said that he was deeply glad that Achilles had found peace and joy at last. He said that he understood very well the things that the youth had been trying to tell him because he had known such a tranquil life himself on Ithaca. He too had a beloved wife. He too had a small son who was the delight of his life, and he knew how such things changed a man for the better.

‘Then why have you left them?’ Achilles asked.

‘Because I am a man and I gave my word at the swearing of the oath at Sparta.’

Odysseus watched as the intense young man across from him frowned and shook his head. Then he added almost casually. ‘Your friend Patroclus will go to the war at Troy for the same reason.’

‘Patroclus is going to the war?’

‘Of course. He was among those who contended for Helen’s hand. He took the oath and will honour it – though that’s not the only reason he will fight, of course. He and the rest of the Myrmidons are eager for the battle. They know that it will be the greatest war that has ever been fought in the history of the world. They know that there is such honour to be won there as will be sung of by the bards for generations to come. Even as I speak, a huge army is gathering not far from here at Aulis, on the other side of Euboea. Thousands upon thousands of men are arriving by land and sea. The harbour will be crowded with ships. All the great heroes of the age will be there – Agamemnon, Menelaus, Diomedes of Tiryns, Ajax and Teucer, Nestor of Pylos, Idomeneus of Crete and countless others. Everyone who cares about the glory of his name.’

Odysseus smiled and shook his head as though amazed by the wonder of the thing. He allowed time for Achilles to respond but when the youth said nothing, he added, ‘Your friend Patroclus wouldn’t want to be left out of a gathering like that even if he wasn’t bound by his given word.’

After a moment Achilles said, ‘Did he not ask if I would come?’

Odysseus shrugged. ‘He presumed that you would lead the Myrmidons – particularly as your father is in no shape to fight these days. Phoenix thought so too.’ He looked up into the uneasy gaze across from him. ‘But then they don’t know how content you are here among these shepherds on Skyros.’ Odysseus sighed. ‘I could almost envy you, Achilles, knowing that you have a long and peaceful life ahead of you untroubled by the din of battle and the tumult of the world with its lust for deathless fame.’ As though a new thought had occurred to him, the smile became a frown. ‘Your father is bound to be disappointed. He was sure you would take his ashwood spear to Troy with you. He knows what a fine warrior you have become. He saw you winning all the glory that his wound has denied him. But it seems that you belong to your mother now.’ Odysseus glanced out to sea. ‘So shall I tell him that you’ve wisely decided that it’s better to dance in maiden’s clothing than to lie gloriously dead inside a bloody suit of armour?’

The Years of the Snake

They had agreed to assemble the fleet at Aulis, a rock-sheltered harbour on the narrow strait between Boetia and the island of Euboea. The Boeotian levies were already there, and neither their northern neighbours, the Locrians, nor the warriors of Euboea had far to come. By the time Agamemnon’s own fleet of a hundred ships arrived in the port, Ajax and Teucer, the sons of Telamon, had also arrived from Salamis bringing the twelve vessels they had promised. Meanwhile, Menelaus had mustered sixty ships out of Laconia, and though there was no word from Crete as yet, the principal Argive allies rallied quickly to his cause. Diomedes brought eighty ships out of Tiryns while Nestor’s flagship led ninety more out of Pylos round the many capes of the Peloponnese, and Menestheus sailed fifty Athenian warships around Sounion Head. More impressively, Odysseus and his allies out of the Ionian islands managed to launch only eight vessels short of the sixty that Palamades had mockingly suggested.

Even the distant island of Rhodes contributed nine ships, but King Cinyras of Cyprus was less forthcoming. When Menelaus sailed on a recruiting mission there, half-hoping that he might waylay Helen and Paris somewhere at sea, Cinyras promised to send fifty ships to Aulis. In the event only one Cyprian vessel turned up – though its captain did launch forty-nine model ships made out of earthenware in fulfilment of his monarch’s pledge before he sailed away.

Menelaus was furious to have been duped in this manner, but perhaps he should have expected no more from a king who was also high priest to Aphrodite on the island of her birth. Worse still, the insult confirmed a suspicion that had haunted his jealous mind while he was on the island – that Cinyras had made a pact with Paris to conceal the runaways on Cyprus while he himself was there.

Agamemnon had set up his headquarters in the ancient fort on the rocky bluff overlooking the harbour where a vast fleet of around a thousand ships jostled each other as they made ready to cast off for Troy. The town below the fort had been overcrowded for some time now, and at night the watch-fires lit by the bivouacked troops stretched far along the strand. Standing beside Agamemnon one evening, the head of the college of Boeotian bards – a famous master of the art of memory – assured the High King that no one before him, not even Heracles or Theseus, had ever mounted an expedition on this scale. The Lion of Mycenae could scarcely manage his pride.

But various minor conflicts had already demonstrated the difficulty of holding together a diverse force that spoke many different dialects and harboured a number of old feuds and grudges. Agamemnon was under no illusion that so many men had been drawn to Aulis merely out of loyalty to himself and his brother. Yet whether it was greed for the rich spoils of Troy, or lust for land and trading advantage, or the mere love of violence and adventure that had brought them, this mighty host of warriors was now his to command, and the name of Agamemnon, King of Men, would live for ever in the songs of bards.

He was, however, engaged in the less glorious business of arguing with a hard-bargaining minister from Delos over terms for the provision of wine, oil and corn when word came that Achilles and his Myrmidons had arrived. ‘Send him up at once,’ he said. ‘Let’s see what this son of Peleus is made of.’ Then he dismissed the Delian with orders to think of better prices and summoned his chiefs of staff into council.

Many ferocious warriors were oiling their spear-shafts and sharpening their swords among the host outside the fort, and Agamemnon was glad enough to have their weapons under his command. But the touchy youth that Odysseus had brought back from Skyros was an altogether different proposition. Resolute to demonstrate that he was a man among men, Achilles walked into the council with an arrogance that fell not far short of disdain and then he sat throughout most of its deliberations taut as a bowstring, observing the others in the room with a taciturn frown that could be construed as vigilant in some lights and as surly in others.

From the first there was no doubting that this young warrior had something of a god about him. Whether or not Thetis, his mother, had seined him with fire or dipped him in the Styx, a radiance of immortality already flashed like a nimbus off his hair and glittered from the keen grey metal of his eyes. And it did so with such ardour that even old Nestor, more than forty years his senior, found it hard to stop a wondering gaze straying towards his lithe, graceful presence. For there was – Nestor saw with both admiration and trepidation – a killer’s glitter in that sheen.

Nor had he come alone. Though the invitation to join the council had been extended only to Achilles, a companion entered the room at his side, darker and slightly taller, but with much the same assured composure, as though the war had been arranged for their mutual satisfaction. When Agamemnon queried his presence, Achilles jutted his chin and said, ‘This is Patroclus, son of Menoetius, grandson of Actor, King of Phthia. Where I go, he goes also.’ And it was immediately clear that either both men stayed or both men left.

Seeing the blood flush in his brother’s face, Menelaus hastened to remind him that Patroclus had been among the men who took the oath at Sparta, and Odysseus further defused the tension by remarking that the last time he’d seen Achilles and Patroclus together they had been six years old and scrapping like dogs beside the stream at Cheiron’s school. ‘If the two of you fight as hard now as you did then,’ he said, ‘the Trojans are in for a bad time.’

Having already reminded himself that Apollo had promised victory only if Achilles came to the fight, Agamemnon joined in the laughter and ordered that room be made for another chair.

When Nestor asked for news about his old friend Peleus, Achilles answered with the stiffness of a young man reluctant to speak freely about his personal life. ‘My father regrets that he can no longer be of service to the cause himself, but the men I lead are his. Also he gave me the long spear which was Cheiron’s gift to him and bade me use it well. Divine Athena polished its shaft with her own hand. My father prays that the goddess will bestow her favour on us.’

Diomedes and Odysseus exchanged glances at the youth’s solemnity, but Ajax, who was cousin to Achilles, gave a good-natured laugh. ‘And no doubt your father warned you about keeping on the right side of the gods as mine did me. But as I said to the old man when I left his bedside, any fool can win glory if the gods are with him. I mean to do so whether they’re with us or not.’

‘Well I for one,’ said Odysseus wryly, ‘will be glad of any help we can get.’

At that moment Agamemnon’s herald Talthybius entered the room to announce the arrival of a Cretan legate, who was seeking audience with the High King.

‘Only a legate?’Agamemnon frowned. ‘Deucalion was supposed to send me ships. Where are they?’

Talthybius shrugged. ‘There’s no sign of them as yet.’

‘Damn these Cretans and their lies. Let’s have him in.’

Menelaus immediately recognized the legate from his visit to the island. One of Deucalion’s shrewder ministers of state in Knossos, Dromeus had caught the drift of the changing wind and aligned himself with the dissident faction of young men that had gathered around Idomeneus. That it was he, and not one of Deucalion’s minions that had come to Aulis, augured well. But where, Agamemnon demanded to know at once, were the ships they had hoped to see by now?

Dromeus chose to answer a different question. ‘There have been changes in Knossos since the sons of Atreus graced us with their presence,’ he said. ‘Deucalion has crossed the river to the Land of Shades. His son Idomeneus now sits on the Gryphon throne.’

There came a few formal acknowledgements of regret for Deucalion’s death before Agamemnon said, ‘But were we not given reason to think that your new king looks on our cause more favourably than his father did?’

‘That is indeed the case, Great King’

‘Then I ask again. Where are the ships?’

Dromeus opened his hands, brought them together at his lips and smiled. ‘The House of the Axe now stands ready to commit a hundred ships to this war.’

‘A hundred! Excellent!’Agamemnon made no effort to conceal his pleasure.

He turned smiling to Menelaus, who exclaimed that this was more than they had dared to hope. The mood around the table lifted.

Then Palamedes said, ‘So when can we expect to see them?’

Again Dromeus smiled. ‘This is, as you acknowledge, a generous commitment. You will not be surprised, therefore, that it comes attended by a condition.’

Lifted by a breeze gusting from a courtyard down the hill, the distant shout of an officer haranguing his men entered the room. With an irritable flick of his hand Agamemnon shooed a fly that was buzzing about his ear. ‘What condition?’

‘That as leader of so large a force King Idomeneus should share supreme command of all the allied forces.’

Telamon’s son, Ajax, an open-faced, broad-chested fellow with a frank manner, was the first to break the silence. He gave a derisive snort, slapped a hand across a sturdy thigh and said, ‘The crown has gone to your new king’s head! Go home and tell him that we already have the only leader we need.’

Still smiling, Dromeus fingered the curls of his beard and turned his gaze back to Agamemnon. ‘I might point out,’ he said, ‘that Crete’s hundred vessels are equalled in number only by the large squadron that the High King himself has brought out of Mycenae. Our ships are ready to sail. They await only your word.’

The stern young face of Achilles was also waiting for that word.

Agamemnon did not miss the quick sideways glance directed by Patroclus at his friend, but the cool, intimidating scrutiny of Achilles’ gaze remained fixed directly on the king’s frown, waiting to see how he would react.